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Zarzana CA, Groenewold GS, Benson MT, Delmore JE, Tsuda T, Hagiwara R. Production of Gas-Phase Uranium Fluoroanions Via Solubilization of Uranium Oxides in the [1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium] +[F(HF) 2.3] - Ionic Liquid. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2018; 29:1963-1970. [PMID: 29956136 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology for gas-phase uranium ion formation is described in which UO2 is dissolved in neat N-ethyl,N'-methylimidazolium fluorohydrogenate ionic liquid [EMIm+][F(HF)2.3-], yielding a blue-green solution. The solution was diluted with acetonitrile and then analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. UF6- (a U(V) species) was observed at m/z = 352, and other than cluster ions derived from the ionic liquid, nothing else was observed. When the sample was analyzed using infusion desorption chemical ionization, UF6- was the base peak, and it was accompanied by a less intense UF5- that most likely was formed by elimination of a fluorine radical from UF6-. Formation of UF6- required dissolution of UO2 followed by or concurrent with oxidation of uranium from the + 4 to the + 5 state and finally formation of the fluorouranate. Dissolution of UO3 produced a bright yellow solution indicative of a U(VI) species; however, electrospray ionization did not produce abundant U-containing ions. The abundant UF6- provides a vehicle for accurate measurement of uranium isotopic abundances free from interference from minor isotopes of other elements and a convenient ion synthesis route that is needed gas-phase structure and reactivity studies like infrared multiphoton dissociation and ion-molecule dissociation and condensation reactions. The reactive fluorohydrogenate ionic liquid may also enable conversion of uranium in oxidic matrices into uranium fluorides that slowly oxidize to uranyl fluoride under ambient conditions, liberating the metal for facile measurement of isotope ratios without extensive chemical separations. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary S Groenewold
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| | - Michael T Benson
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| | - James E Delmore
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| | - Tetsuya Tsuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rika Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Roscioli-Johnson KM, Zarzana CA, Groenewold GS, Mincher BJ, Wilden A, Schmidt H, Modolo G, Santiago-Schübel B. A Study of the γ-Radiolysis ofN,N-Didodecyl-N′,N′-Dioctyldiglycolamide Using UHPLC-ESI-MS Analysis. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2016.1212540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zarzana CA, Groenewold GS, Benson MT, Delmore J, Tsuda T, Hagiwara R. Iron Fluoroanions and Their Clusters by Electrospray Ionization of a Fluorinating Ionic Liquid. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2015; 26:1559-1569. [PMID: 25953491 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal fluoroanions are of significant interest for fundamental structure and reactivity studies and for making isotope ratio measurements that are free from isobaric overlap. Iron fluoroanions [FeF(4)](-) and [FeF(3)](-) were generated by electrospray ionization of solutions of Fe(III) and Fe(II) with the fluorinating ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium fluorohydrogenate [EMIm](+)[F(HF)(2.3)](-). Solutions containing Fe(III) salts produce predominately uncomplexed [FeF(4)](-) in the negative ion spectrum, as do solutions containing salts of Fe(II). This behavior contrasts with that of solutions of FeCl(3) and FeCl(2) (without [EMIm](+)[F(HF)(2.3)](-)) that preserve the solution-phase oxidation state by producing the gas-phase halide complexes [FeCl(4)](-) and [FeCl(3)](-), respectively. Thus, the electrospray-[EMIm](+)[F(HF)(2.3)](-) process is oxidative with respect to Fe(II). The positive ion spectra of Fe with [EMIm](+)[F(HF)(2.3)](-) displays cluster ions having the general formula [EMIm](+) (n+1)[FeF(4)](-) n, and DFT calculations predict stable complexes, both of which substantiate the conclusion that [FeF(4)](-) is present in solution stabilized by the imidazolium cation. The negative ion ESI mass spectrum of the Fe-ionic liquid solution has a very low background in the region of the [FeF(4)](-) complex, and isotope ratios measured for both [FeF(4)](-) and adventitious [SiF(5)](-) produced values in close agreement with theoretical values; this suggests that very wide isotope ratio measurements should be attainable with good accuracy and precision when the ion formation scheme is implemented on a dedicated isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
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Zarzana CA, Groenewold GS, Mincher BJ, Mezyk SP, Wilden A, Schmidt H, Modolo G, Wishart JF, Cook AR. A Comparison of theγ-Radiolysis of TODGA and T(EH)DGA Using UHPLC-ESI-MS Analysis. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2015.1012885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Galán H, Zarzana CA, Wilden A, Núñez A, Schmidt H, Egberink RJM, Leoncini A, Cobos J, Verboom W, Modolo G, Groenewold GS, Mincher BJ. Gamma-radiolytic stability of new methylated TODGA derivatives for minor actinide recycling. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:18049-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02484f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Open the door to the understanding of radiolytic ruptures of extracting ligands under gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitos Galán
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas
- Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)
- Madrid 28040
- Spain
| | | | - Andreas Wilden
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung -Nukleare Entsorgung und Reaktorsicherheit- (IEK 6)
- Jülich
- Germany
| | - Ana Núñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas
- Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)
- Madrid 28040
- Spain
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung -Nukleare Entsorgung und Reaktorsicherheit- (IEK 6)
- Jülich
- Germany
| | - Richard J. M. Egberink
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanofabrication
- Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Leoncini
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanofabrication
- Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Joaquín Cobos
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas
- Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)
- Madrid 28040
- Spain
| | - Willem Verboom
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanofabrication
- Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Modolo
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung -Nukleare Entsorgung und Reaktorsicherheit- (IEK 6)
- Jülich
- Germany
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Groenewold GS, Delmore JE, Benson MT, Tsuda T, Hagiwara R. Generation of gas-phase zirconium fluoroanions by electrospray of an ionic liquid. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2014; 28:1233-1242. [PMID: 24760564 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE New approaches for forming anions are sought that have strong abundance and no isobaric overlap, attributes that are compatible with the measurement of isotope ratios. Fluoroanions are particularly attractive because fluorine is monoisotopic, and thus will not have overlapping isobars with the isotope of interest. Since many elements do not have positive electron affinity values, they do not form stable negative atomic ions, and hence are not compatible with isotope ratio measurement using high sensitivity isotope ratio mass spectrometers such as accelerator mass spectrometers. METHODS Zirconium fluoroanions were prepared using the fluorinating ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium fluorohydrogenate, which was used to generate abundant [ZrF5](-) ions using electrospray ionization. The IL was dissolved in acetonitrile, combined with a dilute solution of either Zr(4+) or ZrO(2+), and then electrosprayed. Mass analysis and collision-induced dissociation experiments were conducted using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Cluster structures were predicted using density functional theory calculations. RESULTS The fluorohydrogenate IL solutions generated abundant [ZrF5](-) ions starting from solutions of both Zr(4+) and ZrO(2+). The mass spectra also contained IL-bearing cluster ions, whose compositions indicated the presence of [ZrF6](2-) in solution, a conclusion supported by the structural calculations. Rinsing out the zirconium-IL solution with acetonitrile decreased the IL clusters, but enhanced [ZrF5](-), which was sorbed by the polymeric electrospray supply capillary, and then released upon rinsing. This reduced the ion background in the mass spectrum. CONCLUSIONS The fluorohydrogenate-IL solutions are a facile way to form zirconium fluoroanions in the gas phase using electrospray. The approach has potential as a source of fluoroanions for isotope ratio measurements, which would enable high-sensitivity measurement of minor zirconium isotopes without overlapping isobars caused by the charge carrier (i.e., the monoisotopic fluorine atoms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Groenewold
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2351 North Boulevard, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415-2208, USA
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Mincher BJ, Mezyk SP, Elias G, Groenewold GS, LaVerne JA, Nilsson M, Pearson J, Schmitt NC, Tillotson RD, Olson LG. The Radiation Chemistry of CMPO: Part 2. Alpha Radiolysis. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2013.850300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Groenewold GS, Delmore JE, Benson MT, Tsuda T, Hagiwara R. Fluorohydrogenate Cluster Ions in the Gas Phase: Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of the [1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium+][F(HF)2.3–] Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:14191-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407872c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James E. Delmore
- Idaho
National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-2208, United States
| | - Michael T. Benson
- Idaho
National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-2208, United States
| | - Tetsuya Tsuda
- Graduate School
of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rika Hagiwara
- Graduate School
of Energy Science, Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mincher BJ, Mezyk SP, Elias G, Groenewold GS, Riddle CL, Olson LG. The Radiation Chemistry of CMPO: Part 1. Gamma Radiolysis. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2013.815491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J. Mincher
- a Aqueous Separations and Radiochemistry Department, Idaho National Laboratory , Idaho Falls , ID , USA
| | - Stephen P. Mezyk
- b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University at Long Beach , Long Beach , CA , USA
| | - Gracy Elias
- c Chemistry and Radiation Measurements Department , Idaho National Laboratory , Idaho Falls , ID , USA
| | - Gary S. Groenewold
- c Chemistry and Radiation Measurements Department , Idaho National Laboratory , Idaho Falls , ID , USA
| | - Catherine L. Riddle
- a Aqueous Separations and Radiochemistry Department, Idaho National Laboratory , Idaho Falls , ID , USA
| | - Lonnie G. Olson
- a Aqueous Separations and Radiochemistry Department, Idaho National Laboratory , Idaho Falls , ID , USA
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Dain RP, Gresham G, Groenewold GS, Steill JD, Oomens J, Van Stipdonk MJ. Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy of group I and group II metal complexes with Boc-hydroxylamine. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2013; 27:1867-1872. [PMID: 23857932 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hydroxamates are essential growth factors for some microbes, acting primarily as siderophores that solubilize iron for transport into a cell. Here we determined the intrinsic structure of 1:1 complexes between Boc-protected hydroxylamine and group I ([M(L)](+)) and group II ([M(L-H)](+)) cations, where M and L are the cation and ligand, respectively, which are convenient models for the functional unit of hydroxamate siderphores. METHODS The relevant complex ions were generated by electrospray ionization (ESI) and isolated and stored in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. Infrared spectra of the isolated complexes were collected by monitoring (infrared) photodissociation yield as a function of photon energy. Experimental spectra were then compared to those predicted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. RESULTS The infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectra collected are in good agreement with those predicted to be lowest-energy by DFT. The spectra for the group I complexes contain six resolved absorptions that can be attributed to amide I and II type and hydroxylamine N-OH vibrations. Similar absorptions are observed for the group II cation complexes, with shifts of the amide I and amide II vibrations due to the change in structure with deprotonation of the hydroxylamine group. CONCLUSIONS IRMPD spectroscopy unequivocally shows that the intrinsic binding mode for the group I cations involves the O atoms of the amide carbonyl and hydroxylamine groups of Boc-hydroxylamine. A similar binding mode is preferred for the group II cations, except that in this case the metal ion is coordinated by the O atom of the deprotonated hydroxylamine group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Dain
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
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Groenewold GS, Sauter AD, Sauter AD. Rapid analysis of single droplets of lanthanide-ligand solutions by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using an induction-based fluidics source. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6398-404. [PMID: 23742259 DOI: 10.1021/ac400863g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectra of lanthanide coordination complexes were measured by launching nanoliter-sized droplets directly into the aperture of an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Droplets ranged in size from 102 nL to 17 nL, while metal concentrations were 293 μM. The sample solution was delivered to a source capillary by a nanoliter dispenser at a rate of 21 nL/s, and droplets were ejected from the capillary by pulsing a potential onto the capillary. The end of the capillary was situated in front of the mass spectrometer and aimed directly at the aperture. The period and power of the electrical pulse was controlled by a digital energy source. The intensity of the extracted ion time profiles from the experiment showed reproducible production of lanthanide nitrato-anion complexes (Ce, Tb, and Lu). The integrated ion intensities of the complexes were reproducible, having relative standard deviations on the order 10% for anions, and 10-30% for cations. The integrated ion intensities were proportional to the droplet size, and the response was linear from about 100 to 650 pmol. However, the intercept is not zero, indicating a nonlinear response at lower analyte quantities or droplet sizes. Cation complexes were generated in separate experiments that corresponded to lanthanide nitrate ion pairs coordinated with the separations ligand octyl,phenyl,(N,N-diisobutylcarbamoyl)methylphosphine oxide (CMPO). Experiments showed a preference for formation of CMPO complexes with Ln(3+) having larger ionic radii. The relative standard deviation values of the cation abundance measurements were somewhat higher for the more highly coordinated complexes, which are also less stable. The mass spectral quality was high enough to measure the ratios of the minor isotopic ions to a high degree of accuracy. The approach suggests that the methodology has utility for analysis of solutions where the sample quantity is limited, or where the sampling efficiency of a normal ESI source is limiting on account of hazards derived from the sample solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Groenewold
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2351 North Boulevard, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-2208, USA.
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Groenewold GS, Avci R, Fox RV, Deliorman M, Suo Z, Kellerman L. Characterization of Arsenic Contamination on Rust from Ton Containers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S. Groenewold
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2351
North Boulevard, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Recep Avci
- Image and Chemical Analysis
Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman,
Montana 59717, United States
| | - Robert V. Fox
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2351
North Boulevard, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Muhammedin Deliorman
- Image and Chemical Analysis
Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman,
Montana 59717, United States
| | - Zhiyong Suo
- Image and Chemical Analysis
Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman,
Montana 59717, United States
| | - Laura Kellerman
- Image and Chemical Analysis
Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman,
Montana 59717, United States
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Groenewold GS, Peterman DR, Klaehn JR, Delmau LH, Marc P, Custelcean R. Oxidative degradation of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid in nitric acid studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:2195-2203. [PMID: 22956310 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The selective separation of the minor actinides (Am, Cm) from the lanthanides is a topic of ongoing nuclear fuel cycle research, and dithiophosphinic acids are candidate ligands in these processes. Ligand instability has been noted under radiolytic and harsh acid conditions but explicit degradation pathways for ligands such as bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-dithiophosphinic acid (CyxH), the major compound in the commercial product Cyanex 301, have been elusive. METHODS Organic solutions of CyxH were contacted with aqueous solutions of HNO(3), and their degradation was studied by analyzing samples from these experiments by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Ions were identified using accurate mass measurement and collision-induced dissociation. RESULTS The positive ion spectra contained cationized CyxH cluster ions, and oxidatively coupled species (designated Cyx(2)) cationized by either H or Na. The Cyx(2)-derived ions increased with acid contact time. The negative ion spectra consisted almost entirely of the CyxH conjugate base. The negative ion spectra of the HNO(3)-contacted samples also contained conjugate bases corresponding to the dioxo and perthio derivatives of CyxH. CONCLUSIONS CyxH is oxidized by acid contact to form the coupled species Cyx(2), and the dioxo species arise from subsequent oxidation of Cyx(2). Oxidative coupling increases with contact time, and with higher HNO(3) concentrations. The direct infusion measurements provided a simple approach for assessing degradation pathways and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Groenewold
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2351 North Boulevard, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2208, USA.
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Marc P, Custelcean R, Groenewold GS, Klaehn JR, Peterman DR, Delmau LH. Degradation of CYANEX 301 in Contact with Nitric Acid Media. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300757r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Marc
- Chemical Separations Group,
Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6119, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6119, United
States
| | - Radu Custelcean
- Chemical Separations Group,
Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6119, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6119, United
States
| | - Gary S. Groenewold
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho
83415, United States
| | - John R. Klaehn
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho
83415, United States
| | - Dean R. Peterman
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho
83415, United States
| | - Lætitia H. Delmau
- Chemical Separations Group,
Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6119, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6119, United
States
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Groenewold GS, Gaumet JJ. Characterization of Ce(3+) -tributyl phosphate coordination complexes produced by fused droplet electrospray ionization with a target capillary. J Mass Spectrom 2011; 46:1273-1280. [PMID: 22223419 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coordination complexes containing Ce(III) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in the 1+, 2+ and 3+ charge states were generated using both direct infusion electrospray ionization (ESI) and fused droplet (FD) ESI using a target capillary, in which the analyte solutions are impinged by the ESI droplets. The same coordination complexes were produced in each experiment, and their relative abundances were also very close, suggesting that similar processes are occurring in both experiments. The ion species formed in both experiments have the general formula [Ce(NO(3) )(m=0-2) (TBP)(n=3-7) ]((3-m)+) . The appearance of abundant 1+ and 2+ ion pair complexes indicated that the ESI process was modifying the ion populations in the original solutions, which contain predominantly 3+ and 2+ species. The FD ESI experiments were less sensitive for coordination complexes compared to direct infusion ESI; however, mid-picomolar quantities of coordination complexes were measured using the target capillary, indicating that sensitivity would be sufficient for measuring species in many industrial separations processes.
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Dain RP, Gresham G, Groenewold GS, Steill JD, Oomens J, van Stipdonk MJ. Infrared multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy of group II metal complexes with salicylate. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2011; 25:1837-1846. [PMID: 21638359 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ion trap tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation, and the combination of infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, were used to characterize singly charged, 1:1 complexes of Ca(2+), Sr(2+) and Ba(2+) with salicylate. For each metal-salicylate complex, the CID pathways are: (a) elimination of CO(2) and (b) formation of [MOH](+) where M = Ca(2+), Sr(2+) or Ba(2+). DFT calculations predict three minima for the cation-salicylate complexes which differ in the mode of metal binding. In the first, the metal ion is coordinated by O atoms of the (neutral) phenol and carboxylate groups of salicylate. In the second, the cation is coordinated by phenoxide and (neutral) carboxylic acid groups. The third mode involves coordination by the carboxylate group alone. The infrared spectrum for the metal-salicylate complexes contains a number of absorptions between 1000 and 1650 cm(-1), and the best correlation between theoretical and experimental spectra is found for the structure that features coordination of the metal ion by phenoxide and the carbonyl O of the carboxylic acid group, consistent with the calculated energies for the respective species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Dain
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
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Groenewold GS, Scott JR, Rae C. Recovery of phosphonate surface contaminants from glass using a simple vacuum extractor with a solid-phase microextraction fiber. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 697:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gresham GL, Dinescu A, Benson MT, Van Stipdonk MJ, Groenewold GS. Investigation of Uranyl Nitrate Ion Pairs Complexed with Amide Ligands Using Electrospray Ionization Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry and Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3497-508. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Dinescu
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States
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Groenewold GS, de Jong WA, Oomens J, Van Stipdonk MJ. Variable denticity in carboxylate binding to the uranyl coordination complexes. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010; 21:719-727. [PMID: 20188585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tris-carboxylate complexes of uranyl [UO(2)](2+) with acetate and benzoate were generated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and then isolated in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Wavelength-selective infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) of the tris-acetato uranyl anion resulted in a redox elimination of an acetate radical, which was used to generate an IR spectrum that consisted of six prominent absorption bands. These were interpreted with the aid of density functional theory calculations in terms of symmetric and antisymmetric -CO(2) stretches of the monodentate and bidentate acetate, CH(3) bending and umbrella vibrations, and a uranyl O-U-O asymmetric stretch. The comparison of the calculated and measured IR spectra indicated that the predominant conformer of the tris-acetate complex contained two acetate ligands bound in a bidentate fashion, while the third acetate was monodentate. In similar fashion, the tris-benzoate uranyl anion was formed and photodissociated by loss of a benzoate radical, enabling measurement of the infrared spectrum that was in close agreement with that calculated for a structure containing one monodentate and two bidentate benzoate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Groenewold
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-2208, USA.
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Bythell BJ, Dain RP, Curtice SS, Oomens J, Steill JD, Groenewold GS, Paizs B, Van Stipdonk MJ. Structure of [M + H − H2O]+ from Protonated Tetraglycine Revealed by Tandem Mass Spectrometry and IRMPD Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5076-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Bythell
- Computational Proteomics Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas 67260-0051, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls ID
| | - Ryan P. Dain
- Computational Proteomics Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas 67260-0051, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls ID
| | - Stephanie S. Curtice
- Computational Proteomics Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas 67260-0051, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls ID
| | - Jos Oomens
- Computational Proteomics Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas 67260-0051, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls ID
| | - Jeffrey D. Steill
- Computational Proteomics Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas 67260-0051, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls ID
| | - Gary S. Groenewold
- Computational Proteomics Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas 67260-0051, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls ID
| | - Béla Paizs
- Computational Proteomics Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas 67260-0051, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls ID
| | - Michael J. Van Stipdonk
- Computational Proteomics Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas 67260-0051, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls ID
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Dain RP, Leavitt CM, Oomens J, Steill JD, Groenewold GS, Van Stipdonk MJ. Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy of sodium and potassium chlorate anions. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:232-238. [PMID: 20014046 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The structures of gas-phase, metal chlorate anions with the formula [M(ClO(3))(2)](-), M = Na and K, were determined using tandem mass spectrometry and infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. Structural assignments for both anions are based on comparisons of the experimental vibrational spectra for the two species with those predicted by density functional theory (DFT) and involve conformations that feature either bidentate or tridentate coordination of the cation by chlorate. Our results strongly suggest that a structure in which both chlorate anions are bidentate ligands is preferred for [Na(ClO(3))(2)](-). However, for [K(ClO(3))(2)](-) the best agreement between experimental and theoretical spectra is obtained from a composite of predicted spectra for which the chlorate anions are either both bidentate or both tridentate ligands. In general, we find that the overall accuracy of DFT calculations for prediction of IR spectra is dependent on both functional and basis set, with best agreement achieved using frequencies generated at the B3LYP/6-311+g(3df) level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Dain
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260-0051, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S. Groenewold
- Idaho National Laboratory, Interfacial Chemistry, 2151 North Boulevard, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2208, USA. Tel.: +1 208 526 2803; Fax: +1 208 526 8541; E-mail:
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Molesworth S, Leavitt CM, Groenewold GS, Oomens J, Steill JD, van Stipdonk M. Spectroscopic evidence for mobilization of amide position protons during CID of model peptide ions. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2009; 20:1841-1845. [PMID: 19648027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy was used to study formation of b2+ from nicotinyl-glycine-glycine-methyl ester (NicGGOMe). IRMPD shows that NicGGOMe is protonated at the pyridine ring of the nicotinyl group, and more importantly, that b2+ from NicGGOMe is not protonated at the oxazolone ring, as would be expected if the species were generated on the conventional bn+/yn+ oxazolone pathway, but at the pyridine ring instead. IRMPD data support a hypothesis that formation of b2+ from NicGGOMe involves mobilization and transfer of an amide position proton during the fragmentation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Molesworth
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, USA
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Abstract
Summary
The behavior of strontium and cesium on soil from the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), located on the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho, USA, was investigated using sequential aqueous extractions and batch sorption methods over six orders of magnitude in aqueous ion concentration. Sequential extractions revealed that most Sr is retained in the operationally-defined ion exchangeable and carbonate fractions, while Cs is predominantly found in the residual fraction. Strontium sorption was reversible, while Cs was not, except at the lowest concentrations. Freundlich isotherms can describe sorption of both metals at low aqueous concentrations, but Langmuir isotherms were needed to describe Cs and Sr sorption over the entire range used in this study. Slightly higher sorption was observed for both when experiments were repeated on soil that was treated to remove carbonates.
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Groenewold GS, Leavitt CM, Dain RP, Oomens J, Steill JD, van Stipdonk MJ. Infrared spectrum of potassium-cationized triethylphosphate generated using tandem mass spectrometry and infrared multiple photon dissociation. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:2706-2710. [PMID: 19630032 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry and wavelength-selective infrared photodissociation were used to generate an infrared spectrum of gas-phase triethylphosphate cationized by attachment of K(+). Prominent absorptions were observed in the region of 900 to 1300 cm(-1) that are characteristic of phosphate P=O and P-O-R stretches. The relative positions and intensities of the IR absorptions were reproduced well by density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed using the B3LYP functional and the 6-31+G(d), 6-311+G(d,p) and 6-311++G(3df,2pd) basis sets. Because of good correspondence between experiment and theory for the cation, DFT was then used to generate a theoretical spectrum for neutral triethylphosphate, which in turn accurately reproduces the IR spectrum of the neat liquid when solvent effects are included in the calculations.
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Aubriet F, Gaumet JJ, de Jong WA, Groenewold GS, Gianotto AK, McIlwain ME, Van Stipdonk MJ, Leavitt CM. Cerium Oxyhydroxide Clusters: Formation, Structure, and Reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:6239-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9015432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wibe A. de Jong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
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Leavitt CM, Oomens J, Dain RP, Steill J, Groenewold GS, Van Stipdonk MJ. IRMPD spectroscopy of anionic group II metal nitrate cluster ions. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2009; 20:772-782. [PMID: 19201616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anionic group II metal nitrate clusters of the formula [M(2)(NO(3))(5)](-), where M(2) = Mg(2), MgCa, Ca(2), and Sr(2), are investigated by infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy to obtain vibrational spectra in the mid-IR region. The IR spectra are dominated by the symmetric and the antisymmetric nitrate stretches, with the latter split into high and low-frequency components due to the distortion of nitrate anion symmetry by interactions with the cation. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to predict geometries and vibrational spectra for comparison to the experimental spectra. Calculations yield two stable isomers: the first one contains two terminal nitrate anions on each cation and a single bridging nitrate ("mono-bridging"), while the second structure features a single terminal nitrate on each cation with three bridging nitrate ligands ("tri-bridging"). The tri-bridging isomer is calculated to be lower in energy than the mono-bridging one for all species. Theoretical spectra of the tri-bridging structure provide a better qualitative match to the experimental infrared spectra of [Mg(2)(NO(3))(5)](-) and [MgCa(NO(3))(5)](-). However, the profile of the low-frequency nu(3) band for the Mg(2) complex suggests a third possible isomer not predicted by theory. The IRMPD spectra of the Ca(2) and Sr(2) complexes are better reconciled by a weighted summation of the spectra of both isomers suggesting that a mixture of structures is present.
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Groenewold GS, Gresham GL, Avci R, Deliorman M. Characterization of bidentate phosphoryl compounds on soil particulates using SIMS. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Leavitt CM, Bryantsev VS, Jong WAD, Diallo MS, Goddard III WA, Groenewold GS, Stipdonk MJV. Addition of H2O and O2 to Acetone and Dimethylsulfoxide Ligated Uranyl(V) Dioxocations. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2350-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807651c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Leavitt
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID
| | - Vyacheslav S. Bryantsev
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID
| | - Wibe A. de Jong
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID
| | - Mamadou S. Diallo
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID
| | - William A. Goddard III
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID
| | - Gary S. Groenewold
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID
| | - Michael J. Van Stipdonk
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID
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Groenewold GS, Van Stipdonk MJ, de Jong WA, Oomens J, Gresham GL, McIlwain ME, Gao D, Siboulet B, Visscher L, Kullman M, Polfer N. Infrared Spectroscopy of Dioxouranium(V) Complexes with Solvent Molecules: Effect of Reduction. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1278-85. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bryantsev VS, Jong WAD, Cossel KC, Diallo MS, Goddard WA, Groenewold GS, Chien W, Van Stipdonk MJ. Two-Electron Three-Centered Bond in Side-On (η2) Uranyl(V) Superoxo Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5777-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804202q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav S. Bryantsev
- Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemical Sciences, Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, and Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Wibe A. de Jong
- Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemical Sciences, Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, and Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Kevin C. Cossel
- Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemical Sciences, Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, and Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Mamadou S. Diallo
- Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemical Sciences, Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, and Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemical Sciences, Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, and Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Gary S. Groenewold
- Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemical Sciences, Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, and Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Winnie Chien
- Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemical Sciences, Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, and Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Michael J. Van Stipdonk
- Materials and Process Simulation Centre, Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemical Sciences, Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, and Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260
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Leavitt CM, Gresham GL, Benson MT, Gaumet JJ, Peterman DR, Klaehn JR, Moser M, Aubriet F, Van Stipdonk MJ, Groenewold GS. Investigations of Acidity and Nucleophilicity of Diphenyldithiophosphinate Ligands Using Theory and Gas-Phase Dissociation Reactions. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:3056-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ic7020897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Leavitt
- Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, Université Paul Verlaine–Metz, Metz, France
| | - Garold L. Gresham
- Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, Université Paul Verlaine–Metz, Metz, France
| | - Michael T. Benson
- Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, Université Paul Verlaine–Metz, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Gaumet
- Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, Université Paul Verlaine–Metz, Metz, France
| | - Dean R. Peterman
- Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, Université Paul Verlaine–Metz, Metz, France
| | - John R. Klaehn
- Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, Université Paul Verlaine–Metz, Metz, France
| | - Megan Moser
- Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, Université Paul Verlaine–Metz, Metz, France
| | - Frederic Aubriet
- Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, Université Paul Verlaine–Metz, Metz, France
| | - Michael J. Van Stipdonk
- Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, Université Paul Verlaine–Metz, Metz, France
| | - Gary S. Groenewold
- Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, Université Paul Verlaine–Metz, Metz, France
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Van Stipdonk MJ, Kerstetter DR, Leavitt CM, Groenewold GS, Steill J, Oomens J. Spectroscopic investigation of H atom transfer in a gas-phase dissociation reaction: McLafferty rearrangement of model gas-phase peptide ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:3209-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b802314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Groenewold GS, Gianotto AK, McIlwain ME, Van Stipdonk MJ, Kullman M, Moore DT, Polfer N, Oomens J, Infante I, Visscher L, Siboulet B, de Jong WA. Infrared Spectroscopy of Discrete Uranyl Anion Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2007; 112:508-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp077309q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Groenewold GS, Gianotto AK, Cossel KC, Van Stipdonk MJ, Oomens J, Polfer N, Moore DT, de Jong WA, McIlwain ME. Mid-infrared vibrational spectra of discrete acetone-ligated cerium hydroxide cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:596-606. [PMID: 17242741 DOI: 10.1039/b613029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerium(iii) hydroxy reactive sites are responsible for several important heterogeneous catalysis processes, and understanding the reaction chemistry of substrate molecules like CO, H(2)O, and CH(3)OH as they occur in heterogeneous media is a challenging task. We report here the first infrared spectra of model gas-phase cerium complexes and use the results as a benchmark to assist evaluation of the accuracy of ab initio calculations. Complexes containing [CeOH](2+) ligated by three- and four-acetone molecules were generated by electrospray ionization and characterized using wavelength-selective infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD). The C[double bond, length as m-dash]O stretching frequency for the [CeOH(acetone)(4)](2+) species appeared at 1650 cm(-1) and was red-shifted by 90 cm(-1) compared to unligated acetone. The magnitude of this shift for the carbonyl frequency was even greater for the [CeOH(acetone)(3)](2+) complex: the IRMPD peak consisted of two dissociation channels, an initial elimination of acetone at 1635 cm(-1), and elimination of acetone concurrent with a charge separation producing [CeO(acetone)](+) at 1599 cm(-1), with the overall frequency centered at 1616 cm(-1). The increasing red shift observed as the number of acetone ligands decreases from four to three is consistent with transfer of more electron density per ligand in the less coordinated complexes. The lower frequency measured for the elimination/charge separation process is likely due to a combination of: (a) anharmonicity resulting from population of higher vibrational states, and (b) absorption by the initially formed photofragment [CeOH(acetone)(2)](2+). The C-C stretching frequency in the complexes is also influenced by coordination to the metal: it is blue-shifted compared to bare acetone, indicating a slight strengthening of the C-C bond in the complex, with the intensity of the absorption decreasing with decreasing ligation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using three different functionals (VWN, B3LYP, and PBE0) were used to predict the infrared spectra of the complexes. Calculated frequencies for the carbonyl stretch are within 40 cm(-1) of the IRMPD of the three-acetone complex measured using the single acetone loss, and within 60 cm(-1) of the measurement for the four-acetone complexes. The B3LYP functionals provided the best agreement with the measured spectra, with the VWN modestly lower and PBE0 modestly higher. The C-C stretching frequencies calculated using B3LYP are higher in energy than the measured values by approximately 30 cm(-1), and reproduce the observed trend which shows that the C-C stretching frequency decreases with increasing ligation. Agreement between C-C frequency and calculation was not as good using the VWN functional, but still within 70 cm(-1). The results provide an evaluation of changes in the acceptor properties of the metal center as ligands are added, and of the utility of DFT for modeling f-block coordination complexes.
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Groenewold GS, Cortez MM, Gianotto AK, Gresham GL, Olson JE, Fox RV, White BM, Bauer WF, Avci R, Deliorman M, Williams E. Surface analysis of particulates from laboratory hood exhaust manifold. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Parsons Z, Leavitt C, Duong T, Groenewold GS, Gresham GL, Van Stipdonk MJ. Generation of Gas-Phase VO2+, VOOH+, and VO2+−Nitrile Complex Ions by Electrospray Ionization and Collision-Induced Dissociation. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11627-35. [PMID: 17034156 DOI: 10.1021/jp062769p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cationic metal species normally function as Lewis acids, accepting electron density from bound electron-donating ligands, but they can be induced to function as electron donors relative to dioxygen by careful control of the oxidation state and ligand field. In this study, cationic vanadium(IV) oxohydroxy complexes were induced to function as Lewis bases, as demonstrated by addition of O2 to an undercoordinated metal center. Gas-phase complex ions containing the vanadyl (VO2+), vanadyl hydroxide (VOOH+), or vanadium(V) dioxo (VO2+) cation and nitrile (acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, or benzonitrile) ligands were generated by electrospray ionization (ESI) for study by multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry. The principal species generated by ESI were complexes with the formula [VO(L)n]2+, where L represents the respective nitrile ligands and n=4 and 5. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of [VO(L)5]2+ eliminated a single nitrile ligand to produce [VO(L)4]2+. Two distinct fragmentation pathways were observed for the subsequent dissociation of [VO(L)4]2+. The first involved the elimination of a second nitrile ligand to generate [VO(L)3]2+, which then added neutral H2O via an association reaction that occurred for all undercoordinated vanadium complexes. The second [UO(L)4]2+ fragmentation pathway led instead to the formation of [VOOH(L)2]+ through collisions with gas-phase H2O and concomitant losses of L and [L+H]+. CID of [VOOH(L)2]+ caused the elimination of a single nitrile ligand to generate [VOOH(L)]+, which rapidly added O2 (in addition to H2O) by a gas-phase association reaction. CID of [VONO3(L)2]+, generated from spray solutions created by mixing VOSO4 and Ba(NO3)2 (and precipitation of BaSO4), caused elimination of NO2 to produce [VO2(L)2]+. CID of [VO2(L)2]+ produced elimination of a single nitrile ligand to form [VO2(L)]+, a V(V) analogue to the O2-reactive V(IV) species [VOOH(L)]+; however, this V(V) complex was unreactive with O2, which indicates the requirement for an unpaired electron in the metal valence shell for O2 addition. In general, the [VO2(L)2]+ species required higher collisions energies to liberate the nitrile ligand, suggesting that they are more strongly bound than the [VOOH(L)2]+ counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zack Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-2208, USA
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Groenewold GS, Gianotto AK, Cossel KC, Van Stipdonk MJ, Moore DT, Polfer N, Oomens J, de Jong WA, Visscher L. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected [UO2(ligand)n]2+ Complexes in the Gas Phase: Comparison with Theory. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:4802-13. [PMID: 16594717 DOI: 10.1021/ja058106n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase infrared spectra of discrete uranyl ([UO2]2+) complexes ligated with acetone and/or acetonitrile were used to evaluate systematic trends of ligation on the position of the O=U=O stretch and to enable rigorous comparison with the results of computational studies. Ionic uranyl complexes isolated in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer were fragmented via infrared multiphoton dissociation using a free electron laser scanned over the mid-IR wavelengths. The asymmetric O=U=O stretching frequency was measured at 1017 cm(-1) for [UO2(CH3COCH3)2]2+ and was systematically red shifted to 1000 and 988 cm(-1) by the addition of a third and fourth acetone ligand, respectively, which was consistent with increased donation of electron density to the uranium center in complexes with higher coordination number. The values generated computationally using LDA, B3LYP, and ZORA-PW91 were in good agreement with experimental measurements. In contrast to the uranyl frequency shifts, the carbonyl frequencies of the acetone ligands were progressively blue shifted as the number of ligands increased from two to four and approached that of free acetone. This observation was consistent with the formation of weaker noncovalent bonds between uranium and the carbonyl oxygen as the extent of ligation increases. Similar trends were observed for [UO2(CH3CN)n]2+ complexes, although the uranyl asymmetric stretching frequencies were greater than those measured for acetone complexes having equivalent coordination, which is consistent with the fact that acetonitrile is a weaker nucleophile than is acetone. This conclusion was confirmed by the uranyl stretching frequencies measured for mixed acetone/acetonitrile complexes, which showed that substitution of one acetone for one acetonitrile produced a modest red shift of 3-6 cm(-1).
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Groenewold GS, Cossel KC, Gresham GL, Gianotto AK, Appelhans AD, Olson JE, Van Stipdonk MJ, Chien W. Binding of Molecular O2 to Di- and Triligated [UO2]+. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:3075-84. [PMID: 16506789 DOI: 10.1021/ja0573209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase complexes containing dioxouranium(V) cations ([UO(2)](+)) ligated with two or three sigma-donating acetone ligands reacted with dioxygen to form [UO(2)(A)(2,3)(O(2))](+), where A is acetone. Collision-induced dissociation studies of [UO(2)(A)(3)(O(2))](+) showed initial loss of acetone, followed by elimination of O(2), which suggested that O(2) was bound more strongly than the third acetone ligand, but less strongly than the second. Similar behavior was observed for complexes in which water was substituted for acetone. Binding of dioxygen to [UO(2)](+) containing zero, one, or four ligands did not occur, nor did it occur for analogous ligated U(IV)O(2) or U(VI)O(2) ions. For example, only addition of acetone and/or H(2)O occurred for the U(VI) species [UO(2)OH](+), with the ligand addition cascade terminating in formation of [UO(2)OH(A)(3)](+). Similarly, the U(IV) species [UOOH](+) added donor ligands, which produced the mixed-ligand complex [UOOH(A)(3)(H(2)O)](+) as the preferred product at the longest reaction times accessible. Since dioxygen normally functions as an electron acceptor, an alternative mode for binding dioxygen to the cationic U(V)O(2) center is indicated that is dependent on the presence of an unpaired electron and donor ligands in the uranyl valence orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Groenewold
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2208, USA.
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Abstract
Electrospray ionization was used to generate doubly charged complex ions composed of the uranyl ion and nitrile ligands. The complexes, with general formula [UO2(RCN)n]2+, n = 0-5 (where R=CH3-, CH3CH2-, or C6H5-), were isolated in an ion-trap mass spectrometer to probe intrinsic reactions with H2O. For these complexes, two general reaction pathways were observed: (a) the direct addition of one or more H2O ligands to the doubly charged complexes and (b) charge-reduction reactions. For the latter, the reactions produced uranyl hydroxide, [UO2OH], complexes via collisions with gas-phase H2O molecules and the elimination of protonated nitrile ligands.
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Williams JM, Rowland B, Jeffery MT, Groenewold GS, Appelhans AD, Gresham GL, Olson JE. Degradation kinetics of VX on concrete by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Langmuir 2005; 21:2386-2390. [PMID: 15752029 DOI: 10.1021/la047933j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
At trace coverages on concrete surfaces, the nerve agent VX (O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methyl phosphonothiolate) degrades by cleavage of the P-S and S-C bonds, as revealed by periodic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The observed kinetics were (pseudo-) first-order, with a half-life of 2-3 h at room temperature. The rate increased with surface pH and temperature, with an apparent second-order constant of k(OH) = 0.64 M(-1) min(-1) at 25 degrees C and an activation energy of 50-60 kJ mol(-1). These values are consistent with a degradation mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis within the adventitious water film on the concrete surface. Degradation of bulk VX on concrete would proceed more slowly.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Williams
- Battelle Salt Lake City Operations, West Valley City, UT 84120, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Winnie Chien
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051
| | - Victor Anbalagan
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051
| | - Kellis Bulleigh
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051
| | - Dorothy Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas Wesleyan University, Salina, Kansas 67401
| | - Gary S. Groenewold
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-2208
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Groenewold GS, Van Stipdonk MJ, Gresham GL, Chien W, Bulleigh K, Howard A. Collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry of desferrioxamine siderophore complexes from electrospray ionization of UO2(2+), Fe3+ and Ca2+ solutions. J Mass Spectrom 2004; 39:752-761. [PMID: 15282754 DOI: 10.1002/jms.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine (DEF) is a trihydroxamate siderophore typical of those produced by bacteria and fungi for the purpose of scavenging Fe(3+) from environments where the element is in short supply. Since this class of molecules has excellent chelating properties, reaction with metal contaminants such as actinide species can also occur. The complexes that are formed can be mobile in the environment. Because the natural environment is extremely diverse, strategies are needed for the identification of metal complexes in aqueous matrices having a high degree of chemical heterogeneity, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been highly effective for the characterization of siderophore-metal complexes. In this study, ESI-MS of solutions containing DEF and either UO(2)(2+), Fe(3+) or Ca(2+) resulted in generation of abundant singly charged ions corresponding to [UO(2)(DEF - H)](+), [Fe(DEF - 2H)](+) and [Ca(DEF - H)](+). In addition, less abundant doubly charged ions were produced. Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) studies of collision-induced dissociation (CID) reactions of protonated DEF and metal-DEF complexes were contrasted and rationalized in terms of ligand structure. In all cases, the most abundant fragmentation reactions involved cleavage of the hydroxamate moieties, consistent with the idea that they are most actively involved with metal complexation. Singly charged complexes tended to be dominated by cleavage of a single hydroxamate, while competitive fragmentation between two hydroxamate moieties increased when the doubly charged complexes were considered. Rupture of amide bonds was also observed, but these were in general less significant than the hydroxamate fragmentations. Several lower abundance fragmentations were unique to the metal examined: abundant loss of H(2)O occurred only for the singly charged UO(2)(2+) complex. Further, NH(3) was eliminated only from the singly charged Fe(3+) complex; this and fragmentation of C-C and C-N bonds derived from neither the hydroxamate nor the amide groups suggested that Fe(3+) insertion reactions were competing with ligand complexation. In no experiments were coordinating solvent molecules observed, attached either to the intact complexes or to the fragment ions, which indicated that both intact DEF and its fragments were occupying all of the coordination sites around the metal centers. This conclusion was based on previous experiments that showed that undercoordinated UO(2)(2+) and Fe(3+) readily added H(2)O and methanol in the ESI quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer that was used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Groenewold
- Science and Engineering, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, USA.
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Gianotto AK, Rawlinson JW, Cossel KC, Olson JE, Appelhans AD, Groenewold GS. Hydration of Alumina Cluster Anions in the Gas Phase. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:8275-83. [PMID: 15225070 DOI: 10.1021/ja0492945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydration reactions of anionic aluminum oxide clusters were measured using a quadrupole ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometer, wherein the number of Lewis acid sites were determined. The extent of hydration varied irregularly as cluster size increased and indicated that the clusters possessed condensed structures where the majority of the Al atoms were fully coordinated, with a limited number of undercoordinated sites susceptible to hydrolysis. For maximally hydrated ions, the number of OH groups per Al decreased in an exponential fashion from 4.0 in Al(1) cluster to 1.4 in the Al(9) cluster, which was greater than that expected for a highly hydroxylated surface but less than that for solution phase alumina clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Gianotto
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
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Gowtham S, Lau KC, Deshpande M, Pandey R, Gianotto AK, Groenewold GS. Structure, Energetics, Electronic, and Hydration Properties of Neutral and Anionic Al3O6, Al3O7, and Al3O8 Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp038040n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Groenewold GS, Avci R, Karahan C, Lefebre K, Fox RV, Cortez MM, Gianotto AK, Sunner J, Manner WL. Characterization of Interlayer Cs+ in Clay Samples Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry with Laser Sample Modification. Anal Chem 2004; 76:2893-901. [PMID: 15144202 DOI: 10.1021/ac035400u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet laser irradiation was used to greatly enhance the secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) detection of Cs(+) adsorbed to soil consisting of clay and quartz. Imaging SIMS showed that the enhancement of the Cs(+) signal was spatially heterogeneous: the intensity of the Cs(+) peak was increased by factors up to 100 for some particles but not at all for others. Analysis of standard clay samples exposed to Cs(+) showed a variable response to laser irradiation depending on the type of clay analyzed. The Cs(+) abundance was significantly enhanced when Cs(+)-exposed montmorillonite was irradiated and then analyzed using SIMS, which contrasted with the behavior of Cs(+)-exposed kaolinite, which displayed no Cs(+) enhancement. Exposed illitic clays displayed modest enhancement of Cs(+) upon laser irradiation, intermediate between that of kaolinite and montmorillonite. The results for Cs(+) were rationalized in terms of adsorption to interlayer sites within the montmorillonite, which is an expandable phyllosilicate. In these locations, Cs(+) was not initially detectable using SIMS. Upon irradiation, Cs(+) was thermally redistributed, which enabled detection using SIMS. Since neither the illite nor the kaolinite is an expandable clay, adsorption to inner-layer sites does not occur, and either modest or no laser enhancement of the Cs(+) signal is observed. Laser irradiation also produced unexpected enhancement of Ti(+) from illite and kaolinite clays that contained small quantities of Ti, which indicates the presence of microscopic titanium oxide phases in the clay materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Groenewold
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, USA.
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Anbalagan V, Chien W, Gresham GL, Groenewold GS, Van Stipdonk MJ. Production and collision-induced dissociation of gas-phase, water- and alcohol-coordinated uranyl complexes containing halide or perchlorate anions. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004; 18:3028-3034. [PMID: 15536628 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization was used to generate mono-positive gas-phase complexes of the general formula [UO2A(S)n]+ where A = OH, Cl, Br, I or ClO4, S = H2O, CH3OH or CH3CH2OH, and n = 1-3. The multiple-stage dissociation pathways of the complexes were then studied using ion-trap mass spectrometry. For H2O-coordinated cations, the dissociation reactions observed included the elimination of H2O ligands and the loss of HA (where A = Cl, Br or I). Only for the Br and ClO4 versions did collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the hydrated species generate the bare, uranyl-anion complexes. CID of the chloride and iodide versions led instead to the production of uranyl hydroxide and hydrated UO2+. Replacement of H2O ligands by alcohol increased the tendency to eliminate HA, consistent with the higher intrinsic acidity of the alcohols compared to water and potentially stronger UO2-O interactions within the alkoxide complexes compared to the hydroxide version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Anbalagan
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260-0051, USA
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Gianotto AK, Hodges BDM, Harrington PDB, Appelhans AD, Olson JE, Groenewold GS. Ion-molecule reactions of gas-phase chromium oxyanions. CrxOyHz-+ O2. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2003; 14:1067-1075. [PMID: 14530087 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(03)00410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chromium oxyanions, Cr(x)O(y)H(z)(-), were generated in the gas-phase using a quadrupole ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometer (IT-SIMS), where they were reacted with O(2). Only CrO(2)(-) of the Cr(1)O(y)H(z)(-) envelope was observed to react with oxygen, producing primarily CrO(3)(-). The rate constant for the reaction of CrO(2)(-) with O(2) was approximately 38% of the Langevin collision constant at 310 K. CrO(3)(-), CrO(4)(-), and CrO(4)H(-) were unreactive with O(2) in the ion trap. In contrast, Cr(2)O(4)(-) was observed to react with O(2) producing CrO(3)(-) + CrO(3) via oxidative degradation at a rate that was approximately 15% efficient. The presence of background water facilitated the reaction of Cr(2)O(4)(-) + H(2)O to form Cr(2)O(5)H(2)(-); the hydrated product ion Cr(2)O(5)H(2)(-) reacted with O(2) to form Cr(2)O(6)(-) (with concurrent elimination of H(2)O) at a rate that was 6% efficient. Cr(2)O(5)(-) also reacted with O(2) to form Cr(2)O(7)(-) (4% efficient) and Cr(2)O(6)(-) + O (2% efficient); these reactions proceeded in parallel. By comparison, Cr(2)O(6)(-) was unreactive with O(2), and in fact, no further O(2) addition could be observed for any of the Cr(2)O(6)H(z)(-) anions. Generalizing, Cr(x)O(y)H(z)(-) species that have low coordinate, low oxidation state metal centers are susceptible to O(2) oxidation. However, when the metal coordination is >3, or when the formal oxidation state is > or =5, reactivity stops.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gianotto
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2208, USA
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Groenewold GS, Williams JM, Appelhans AD, Gresham GL, Olson JE, Jeffery MT, Rowland B. Hydrolysis of VX on concrete: rate of degradation by direct surface interrogation using an ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometer. Environ Sci Technol 2002; 36:4790-4794. [PMID: 12487301 DOI: 10.1021/es025754n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The nerve agent VX (O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate) is lethal at very low levels of exposure, which can occur by dermal contact with contaminated surfaces. Hence, behavior of VX in contact with common urban or industrial surfaces is a subject of acute interest. In the present study, VX was found to undergo complete degradation when in contact with concrete surfaces. The degradation was directly interrogated at submonolayer concentrations by periodically performing secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses after exposure of the concrete to VX. The abundance of the [VX + H]+ ion in the SIMS spectra was observed to decrease in an exponential fashion, consistent with first-order or pseudo-first-order behavior. This phenomenon enabled the rate constant to be determined at 0.005 min(-1) at 25 degrees C, which corresponds to a half-life of about 3 h on the concrete surface. The decrease in [VX + H]+ was accompanied by an increase in the abundance of the principal degradation product diisopropylaminoethanethiol (DESH), which arises by cleavage of the P-S bond. Degradation to form DESH is accompanied by the formation of ethyl methylphosphonic acid, which is observable only in the negative ion spectrum. A second degradation product was also implicated, which corresponded to a diisopropylvinylamine isomer (perhaps N,N-diisopropyl aziridinium) that arose via cleavage of the S-C bond. No evidence was observed for the formation of the toxic S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothioic acid. The degradation rate constants were measured at four different temperatures (24-50 degrees C), which resulted in a linear Arrhenius relationship and an activation energy of 52 kJ mol(-1). This value agrees with previous values observed for VX hydrolysis in alkaline solutions, which suggests that the degradation of submonolayer VX is dominated by alkaline hydrolysis within the adventitious water film on the concrete surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Groenewold
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-2208, USA.
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Groenewold GS, Todd PJ, Buchanan MV. Secondary ion mass spectrometry of pyrene: enhancement of molecular ion emission by antimony trichloride. Anal Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ac00276a062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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