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Kuduk SD, DeRatt LG, Stoops B, Shaffer P, Lam AM, Espiritu C, Vogel R, Lau V, Flores OA, Hartman GD. Diazepinone HBV Capsid Assembly Modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 72:128823. [PMID: 35644301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The HBV capsid core protein serves a number of important functions in the viral life cycle enabling chronic HBV infection to persist, and therefore is a promising drug target. Interfering with capsid assembly has shown efficacy in clinical trials with small molecule capsid assembly modulators (CAMs). Herein is described the further optimization of a progressive series of diazepinone HBV CAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477.
| | - Lindsey G DeRatt
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, NV Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Paul Shaffer
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Angela M Lam
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Christine Espiritu
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Robert Vogel
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Vincent Lau
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Osvaldo A Flores
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - George D Hartman
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
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2
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Kuduk SD, Stoops B, Lam AM, Espiritu C, Vogel R, Lau V, Klumpp K, Flores OA, Hartman GD. Oxadiazepinone HBV capsid assembly modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 52:128353. [PMID: 34492302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The HBV core protein serves multiple essential functions in the viral life cycle that enable chronic HBV infection to persist, and as such, represents a promising drug target. Modulation of the HBV capsid assembly has shown efficacy in early clinical trials through use of small molecule capsid assembly modulators (CAMs). Herein is described the evolution and SAR of a novel pyrazolo piperidine lead series into advanced oxadiazepinone HBV CAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States.
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, NV Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Angela M Lam
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Christine Espiritu
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Robert Vogel
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Vincent Lau
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Klaus Klumpp
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Osvaldo A Flores
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - George D Hartman
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
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3
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Kuduk SD, Stoops B, Alexander R, Lam AM, Espiritu C, Vogel R, Lau V, Klumpp K, Flores OA, Hartman GD. Identification of a new class of HBV capsid assembly modulator. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 39:127848. [PMID: 33610748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The HBV core protein is a druggable target of interest due to the multiple essential functions in the HBV life cycle to enable chronic HBV infection. The core protein oligomerizes to form the viral capsid, and modulation of the HBV capsid assembly has shown efficacy in clinical trials. Herein is described the identification and hit to lead SAR of a novel series of pyrazolo piperidine HBV capsid assembly modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States.
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Richard Alexander
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Angela M Lam
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Christine Espiritu
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Robert Vogel
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Vincent Lau
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Klaus Klumpp
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Osvaldo A Flores
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - George D Hartman
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
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4
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Hartman GD, Kuduk SD, Espiritu C, Lam AM. P450s under Restriction (PURE) Screen Using HepaRG and Primary Human Hepatocytes for Discovery of Novel HBV Antivirals. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1919-1927. [PMID: 33062174 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein is reported a novel screening paradigm PURE (P450s under restriction) for the identification and optimization of hits as part of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral discovery program. To closely represent in vivo hepatocytes, differentiated HepaRG cells (dHRGs) and primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) were used as the basis for an HBV infection system. However, a significant challenge arose during potency evaluation in using cultured dHRGs and PHHs as screening platforms because, as with hepatocytes in vivo, these cells express active cytochrome P450 enzymes and thus can metabolize test compounds. The observed antiviral effects may be the cumulative result of a dynamic pool of parent compound and metabolites thus confounding structure activity relationship (SAR) interpretation and subsequent optimization design initiatives. We show here that PURE methodology restricts metabolism of HBV-infected dHRGs and PHHs and thus provides highly informative potency data for decision-making on key representative antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D. Hartman
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Scott D. Kuduk
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Christine Espiritu
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Angela M. Lam
- Novira Therapeutics, a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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5
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Kuduk SD, Lam AM, Espiritu C, Vogel R, Lau V, Klumpp K, Flores OA, Hartman GD. SAR studies in the sulfonyl carboxamide class of HBV capsid assembly modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2405-2409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Beshore DC, N. Di Marco C, Chang RK, Greshock TJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Seager MA, Koeplinger KA, Thompson CD, Fuerst J, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT, Ray WJ, Kuduk SD. MK-7622: A First-in-Class M 1 Positive Allosteric Modulator Development Candidate. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:652-656. [PMID: 30034595 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of ligands that selectively activate the M1 muscarinic signaling pathway has been sought for decades to treat a range of neurological and cognitive disorders. Herein, we describe the optimization efforts focused on addressing key physicochemical and safety properties, ultimately leading to the clinical candidate MK-7622, a highly selective positive allosteric modulator of the M1 muscarinic receptor that has entered Phase II studies in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald K. Chang
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Lei Ma
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Marion Wittmann
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | | | | | - Joy Fuerst
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Mark T. Bilodeau
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William J. Ray
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Scott D. Kuduk
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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7
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Wolkenberg SE, Nolt MB, Bilodeau MT, Trotter BW, Manley PJ, Kett NR, Nanda KK, Wu Z, Cato MJ, Kane SA, Kiss L, Spencer RH, Wang J, Lynch JJ, Regan CP, Stump GL, Li B, White R, Yeh S, Dinsmore CJ, Lindsley CW, Hartman GD. Discovery of MK-1832, a Kv1.5 inhibitor with improved selectivity and pharmacokinetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1062-1069. [PMID: 28131713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of Kv1.5, which underlies the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier current, IKur, has been pursued as a treatment for atrial fibrillation. Here we describe the discovery of MK-1832, a Kv1.5 inhibitor with improved selectivity versus the off-target current IKs, whose inhibition has been associated with ventricular proarrhythmia. MK-1832 exhibits improved selectivity for IKur over IKs (>3000-fold versus 70-fold for MK-0448), consistent with an observed larger window between atrial and ventricular effects in vivo (>1800-fold versus 210-fold for MK-0448). MK-1832 also exhibits an improved preclinical pharmacokinetic profile consistent with projected once daily dosing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Wolkenberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - M Brad Nolt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mark T Bilodeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - B Wesley Trotter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Peter J Manley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Nathan R Kett
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Kausik K Nanda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Zhicai Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Matthew J Cato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Stefanie A Kane
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Laszlo Kiss
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Robert H Spencer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Jixin Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Joseph J Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Christopher P Regan
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Gary L Stump
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Rebecca White
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Suzie Yeh
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Christopher J Dinsmore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - George D Hartman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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8
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Roecker AJ, Reger TS, Mattern MC, Mercer SP, Bergman JM, Schreier JD, Cube RV, Cox CD, Li D, Lemaire W, Bruno JG, Harrell CM, Garson SL, Gotter AL, Fox SV, Stevens J, Tannenbaum PL, Prueksaritanont T, Cabalu TD, Cui D, Stellabott J, Hartman GD, Young SD, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ, Coleman PJ. Discovery of MK-3697: a selective orexin 2 receptor antagonist (2-SORA) for the treatment of insomnia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4884-90. [PMID: 25248679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Orexin receptor antagonists have demonstrated clinical utility for the treatment of insomnia. The majority of clinical efforts to date have focused on the development of dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs), small molecules that antagonize both the orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptors. Our group has recently disclosed medicinal chemistry efforts to identify highly potent, orally bioavailable selective orexin 2 receptor antagonists (2-SORAs) that possess acceptable profiles for clinical development. Herein we report additional SAR studies within the 'triaryl' amide 2-SORA series focused on improvements in compound stability in acidic media and time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4. These studies resulted in the discovery of 2,5-disubstituted isonicotinamide 2-SORAs such as compound 24 that demonstrated improved stability and TDI profiles as well as excellent sleep efficacy across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Roecker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States.
| | - Thomas S Reger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States.
| | - M Christa Mattern
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Swati P Mercer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Bergman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - John D Schreier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Rowena V Cube
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Christopher D Cox
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Dansu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Wei Lemaire
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Joseph G Bruno
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - C Meacham Harrell
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Susan L Garson
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Anthony L Gotter
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Steven V Fox
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Joanne Stevens
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Pamela L Tannenbaum
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Thomayant Prueksaritanont
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Tamara D Cabalu
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Donghui Cui
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Joyce Stellabott
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - George D Hartman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Steven D Young
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Christopher J Winrow
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - John J Renger
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Paul J Coleman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, United States
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9
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Converso A, Hartingh T, Fraley ME, Garbaccio RM, Hartman GD, Huang SY, Majercak JM, McCampbell A, Na SJ, Ray WJ, Savage MJ, Wolffe C, Yeh S, Yu Y, White R, Zhang R. Adenosine analogue inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2737-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Roecker AJ, Mercer SP, Schreier JD, Cox CD, Fraley ME, Steen JT, Lemaire W, Bruno JG, Harrell CM, Garson SL, Gotter AL, Fox SV, Stevens J, Tannenbaum PL, Prueksaritanont T, Cabalu TD, Cui D, Stellabott J, Hartman GD, Young SD, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ, Coleman PJ. Cover Picture: Discovery of 5′′-Chloro- N-[(5,6-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,2′:5′,3′′-terpyridine-3′-carboxamide (MK-1064): A Selective Orexin 2 Receptor Antagonist (2-SORA) for the Treatment of Insomnia (ChemMedChem 2/2014). ChemMedChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201490000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Nanda KK, Henze DA, Della Penna K, Desai R, Leitl M, Lemaire W, White RB, Yeh S, Brouillette JN, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT, Trotter BW. Benzimidazole CB2 agonists: Design, synthesis and SAR. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1218-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Kuduk SD, Di Marco CN, Saffold JR, Ray WJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Koeplinger KA, Thompson CD, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT, Beshore DC. Identification of a methoxynaphthalene scaffold as a core replacement in quinolizidinone amide M(1) positive allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1417-20. [PMID: 24485781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of methoxynaphthalene amides were prepared and evaluated as alternatives to quinolizidinone amide M1 positive allosteric modulators. A methoxy group was optimal for M1 activity and addressed key P-gp issues present in the aforementioned quinolizidinone amide series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Christina N Di Marco
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Jonathan R Saffold
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - William J Ray
- Department of Alzheimer's Research, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Alzheimer's Research, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Marion Wittmann
- Department of Alzheimer's Research, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Kenneth A Koeplinger
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Charles D Thompson
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - George D Hartman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mark T Bilodeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Douglas C Beshore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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13
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Roecker AJ, Mercer SP, Schreier JD, Cox CD, Fraley ME, Steen JT, Lemaire W, Bruno JG, Harrell CM, Garson SL, Gotter AL, Fox SV, Stevens J, Tannenbaum PL, Prueksaritanont T, Cabalu TD, Cui D, Stellabott J, Hartman GD, Young SD, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ, Coleman PJ. Discovery of 5''-chloro-N-[(5,6-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,2':5',3''-terpyridine-3'-carboxamide (MK-1064): a selective orexin 2 receptor antagonist (2-SORA) for the treatment of insomnia. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:311-22. [PMID: 24376006 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of small-molecule orexin antagonist research has evolved rapidly in the last 15 years from the discovery of the orexin peptides to clinical proof-of-concept for the treatment of insomnia. Clinical programs have focused on the development of antagonists that reversibly block the action of endogenous peptides at both the orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptors (OX1 R and OX2 R), termed dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs), affording late-stage development candidates including Merck's suvorexant (new drug application filed 2012). Full characterization of the pharmacology associated with antagonism of either OX1 R or OX2 R alone has been hampered by the dearth of suitable subtype-selective, orally bioavailable ligands. Herein, we report the development of a selective orexin 2 antagonist (2-SORA) series to afford a potent, orally bioavailable 2-SORA ligand. Several challenging medicinal chemistry issues were identified and overcome during the development of these 2,5-disubstituted nicotinamides, including reversible CYP inhibition, physiochemical properties, P-glycoprotein efflux and bioactivation. This article highlights structural modifications the team utilized to drive compound design, as well as in vivo characterization of our 2-SORA clinical candidate, 5''-chloro-N-[(5,6-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,2':5',3''-terpyridine-3'-carboxamide (MK-1064), in mouse, rat, dog, and rhesus sleep models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Roecker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486 (USA).
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14
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Mercer SP, Roecker AJ, Garson S, Reiss DR, Meacham Harrell C, Murphy KL, Bruno JG, Bednar RA, Lemaire W, Cui D, Cabalu TD, Tang C, Prueksaritanont T, Hartman GD, Young SD, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ, Coleman PJ. Discovery of 2,5-diarylnicotinamides as selective orexin-2 receptor antagonists (2-SORAs). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6620-4. [PMID: 24215892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The orexin (or hypocretin) system has been identified as a novel target for the treatment of insomnia due to the wealth of biological and genetic data discovered over the past decade. Recently, clinical proof-of-concept was achieved for the treatment of primary insomnia using dual (OX1R/OX2R) orexin receptor antagonists. However, elucidation of the pharmacology associated with selective orexin-2 receptor antagonists (2-SORAs) has been hampered by the lack of orally bioavailable, highly selective small molecule probes. Herein, the discovery and optimization of a novel series of 2,5-diarylnicotinamides as potent and orally bioavailable orexin-2 receptor selective antagonists is described. A compound from this series demonstrated potent sleep promotion when dosed orally to EEG telemetrized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati P Mercer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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15
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Dudkin VY, Wang C, Arrington KL, Fraley ME, Hartman GD, Stirdivant SM, Drakas RA, Rickert K, Walsh ES, Hamilton K, Buser CA, Hardwick J, Tao W, Beck SC, Mao X, Lobell RB, Sepp-Lorenzino L. Pyridyl aminothiazoles as potent Chk1 inhibitors: Optimization of cellular activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2613-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Coleman PJ, Schreier JD, Cox CD, Breslin MJ, Whitman DB, Bogusky MJ, McGaughey GB, Bednar RA, Lemaire W, Doran SM, Fox SV, Garson SL, Gotter AL, Harrell CM, Reiss DR, Cabalu TD, Cui D, Prueksaritanont T, Stevens J, Tannenbaum PL, Ball RG, Stellabott J, Young SD, Hartman GD, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ. Cover Picture: Discovery of [(2R,5R)-5-{[(5-Fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-6096): A Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist with Potent Sleep-Promoting Properties (ChemMedChem 3/2012). ChemMedChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201290006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Dudkin VY, Rickert K, Kreatsoulas C, Wang C, Arrington KL, Fraley ME, Hartman GD, Yan Y, Ikuta M, Stirdivant SM, Drakas RA, Walsh ES, Hamilton K, Buser CA, Lobell RB, Sepp-Lorenzino L. Pyridyl aminothiazoles as potent inhibitors of Chk1 with slow dissociation rates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2609-12. [PMID: 22374217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyridyl aminothiazoles comprise a novel class of ATP-competitive Chk1 inhibitors with excellent inhibitory potential. Modification of the core with ethylenediamine amides provides compounds with low picomolar potency and very high residence times. Investigation of binding parameters of such compounds using X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations revealed multiple hydrogen bonds to the enzyme backbone as well as stabilization of the conserved water molecules network in the hydrophobic binding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Y Dudkin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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18
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Coleman PJ, Schreier JD, Cox CD, Breslin MJ, Whitman DB, Bogusky MJ, McGaughey GB, Bednar RA, Lemaire W, Doran SM, Fox SV, Garson SL, Gotter AL, Harrell CM, Reiss DR, Cabalu TD, Cui D, Prueksaritanont T, Stevens J, Tannenbaum PL, Ball RG, Stellabott J, Young SD, Hartman GD, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ. Discovery of [(2R,5R)-5-{[(5-Fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-6096): A Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist with Potent Sleep-Promoting Properties. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:415-24, 337. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Harrison ST, Mulhearn J, Wolkenberg SE, Miller PJ, O’Malley SS, Zeng Z, Williams DL, Hostetler ED, Sanabria-Bohórquez S, Gammage L, Fan H, Sur C, Culberson JC, Hargreaves RJ, Cook JJ, Hartman GD, Barrow JC. Synthesis and Evaluation of 5-Fluoro-2-aryloxazolo[5,4-b]pyridines as β-Amyloid PET Ligands and Identification of MK-3328. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:498-502. [PMID: 24900338 DOI: 10.1021/ml200018n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluoro-2-aryloxazolo[5,4-b]pyridines were synthesized and investigated as potential (18)F containing β-amyloid PET ligands. In competition binding assays using human AD brain homogenates, compounds 14b, 16b, and 17b were identified as having favorable potency versus human β-amyloid plaque and were radiolabeled for further evaluation in in vitro binding and in vivo PET imaging experiments. These studies led to the identification of 17b (MK-3328) as a candidate PET ligand for the clinical assessment of β-amyloid plaque load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Harrison
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - James Mulhearn
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Scott E. Wolkenberg
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Patricia J. Miller
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Stacey S. O’Malley
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Zhizhen Zeng
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - David L. Williams
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Eric D. Hostetler
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Sandra Sanabria-Bohórquez
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Linda Gammage
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Hong Fan
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Cyrille Sur
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - J. Christopher Culberson
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Richard J. Hargreaves
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jacquelynn J. Cook
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - George D. Hartman
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - James C. Barrow
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Imaging, and §Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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20
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Kuduk SD, Chang RK, Di Marco CN, DiPardo RM, Cook SP, Cato MJ, Jovanovska A, Urban MO, Leitl M, Spencer RH, Kane SA, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT. Identification of non-amidine inhibitors of acid-sensing ion channel-3 (ASIC3). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4255-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Kuduk SD, Chang RK, Di Marco CN, Pitts DR, Greshock TJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Seager MA, Koeplinger KA, Thompson CD, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT, Ray WJ. Discovery of a selective allosteric M1 receptor modulator with suitable development properties based on a quinolizidinone carboxylic acid scaffold. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4773-80. [PMID: 21682298 DOI: 10.1021/jm200400m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One approach to ameliorate the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been to restore neuronal signaling from the basal forebrain cholinergic system via the activation of the M(1) muscarinic receptor. A number of nonselective M(1) muscarinic agonists have previously shown positive effects on cognitive behaviors in AD patients, but were limited due to cholinergic adverse events thought to be mediated by the activation of the M(2) to M(5) subtypes. One strategy to confer selectivity for M(1) is the identification of positive allosteric modulators, which would target an allosteric site on the M(1) receptor rather than the highly conserved orthosteric acetylcholine binding site. Quinoline carboxylic acids have been previously identified as highly selective M(1) positive allosteric modulators with good pharmacokinetic and in vivo properties. Herein is described the optimization of a novel quinolizidinone carboxylic acid scaffold with 4-cyanopiperidines being a key discovery in terms of enhanced activity. In particular, modulator 4i gave high plasma free fractions, enhanced central nervous system (CNS) exposure, was efficacious in a rodent in vivo model of cognition, and afforded good physicochemical properties suitable for further preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States.
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22
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Trotter BW, Nanda KK, Burgey CS, Potteiger CM, Deng JZ, Green AI, Hartnett JC, Kett NR, Wu Z, Henze DA, Penna KD, Desai R, Leitl MD, Lemaire W, White RB, Yeh S, Urban MO, Kane SA, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT. Imidazopyridine CB2 agonists: Optimization of CB2/CB1 selectivity and implications for in vivo analgesic efficacy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2354-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Wolkenberg SE, Zhao Z, Thut C, Maxwell JW, McDonald TP, Kinose F, Reilly M, Lindsley CW, Hartman GD. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 3,6-Diaryl-4-aminoalkoxyquinolines as Selective Agonists of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2351-8. [PMID: 21395312 DOI: 10.1021/jm101501b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Wolkenberg
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ophthalmics Research, and §Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ophthalmics Research, and §Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Catherine Thut
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ophthalmics Research, and §Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jill W. Maxwell
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ophthalmics Research, and §Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Terrence P. McDonald
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ophthalmics Research, and §Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ophthalmics Research, and §Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michael Reilly
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ophthalmics Research, and §Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ophthalmics Research, and §Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - George D. Hartman
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ophthalmics Research, and §Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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24
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Manley PJ, Zartman A, Paone DV, Burgey CS, Henze DA, Della Penna K, Desai R, Leitl MD, Lemaire W, White RB, Yeh S, Urban MO, Kane SA, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT, Trotter BW. Decahydroquinoline amides as highly selective CB2 agonists: role of selectivity on in vivo efficacy in a rodent model of analgesia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2359-64. [PMID: 21420857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of decahydroquinoline CB2 agonists is described. Optimization of the amide substituent led to improvements in CB2/CB1 selectivity as well as physical properties. Two key compounds were examined in the rat CFA model of acute inflammatory pain. A moderately selective CB2 agonist was active in this model. A CB2 agonist lacking functional CB1 activity was inactive in this model despite high in vivo exposure both peripherally and centrally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Manley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point PA, United States.
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25
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Reger TS, Yang ZQ, Schlegel KAS, Shu Y, Mattern C, Cube R, Rittle KE, McGaughey GB, Hartman GD, Tang C, Ballard J, Kuo Y, Prueksaritanont T, Nuss CE, Doran SM, Fox SV, Garson SL, Li Y, Kraus RL, Uebele VN, Renger JJ, Barrow JC. Pyridyl amides as potent inhibitors of T-type calcium channels. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1692-6. [PMID: 21316226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of amide T-type calcium channel antagonists were prepared and evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays. Optimization of the screening hit 3 led to identification of the potent and selective T-type antagonist 37 that displayed in vivo efficacy in rodent models of epilepsy and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Reger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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26
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Yang ZQ, Schlegel KAS, Shu Y, Reger TS, Cube R, Mattern C, Coleman PJ, Small J, Hartman GD, Ballard J, Tang C, Kuo Y, Prueksaritanont T, Nuss CE, Doran S, Fox SV, Garson SL, Li Y, Kraus RL, Uebele VN, Taylor AB, Zeng W, Fang W, Chavez-Eng C, Troyer MD, Luk JA, Laethem T, Cook WO, Renger JJ, Barrow JC. Short-acting T-type calcium channel antagonists significantly modify sleep architecture in rodents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:504-9. [PMID: 24900239 DOI: 10.1021/ml100170e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel phenyl acetamide series of short-acting T-type calcium channel antagonists has been identified and evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays. Heterocycle substitutions of the 4-position of the phenyl acetamides afforded potent and selective antagonists that exhibited desired short plasma half-lives across preclinical species. Lead compound TTA-A8 emerged as a compound with excellent in vivo efficacy as indicated by its significant modulation of rat sleep architecture in an EEG telemetry model, favorable pharmacokinetic properties, and excellent preclinical safety. TTA-A8 recently progressed into human clinical trials, and in line with our predictions, preliminary studies (n = 12) with a 20 mg oral dose afforded a high C max of 1.82 ± 0.274 μM with an apparent terminal half-life of 3.0 ± 1.1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zeng
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
| | - Wei Fang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
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27
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Garbaccio RM, Brnardic EJ, Fraley ME, Hartman GD, Hutson PH, O'Brien JA, Magliaro BC, Uslaner JM, Huszar SL, Fillgrove KL, Small JH, Tang C, Kuo Y, Jacobson MA. Discovery of Oxazolobenzimidazoles as Positive Allosteric Modulators for the mGluR2 Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:406-10. [PMID: 24900224 DOI: 10.1021/ml100115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel oxazolobenzimidazoles are described as potent and selective positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2. The discovery of this class and optimization of its physical and pharmacokinetic properties led to the identification of potent and orally bioavailable compounds (20 and 21) as advanced leads. Compound 20 (TBPCOB) was shown to have robust activity in a PCP-induced hyperlocomotion model in rat, an assay responsive to clinical antipsychotic treatments for schizophrenia.
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28
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Kuduk SD, Chang RK, Di Marco CN, Ray WJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Seager MA, Koeplinger KA, Thompson CD, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT. Quinolizidinone carboxylic acids as CNS penetrant, selective m1 allosteric muscarinic receptor modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:263-7. [PMID: 24900206 PMCID: PMC4007972 DOI: 10.1021/ml100095k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulation of the M1 muscarinic receptor represents an approach to treat the cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Replacement of a quinolone ring system in a quinolone carboxylic acid series of M1 modulators with a quinolizidinone bearing a basic amine linkage led to a series of compounds with higher free fraction, enhanced CNS exposure, and improved efficacy in rodent in vivo models of cognition.
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29
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Zhao Z, Wolkenberg SE, Sanderson PE, Lu M, Munshi V, Moyer G, Feng M, Carella AV, Ecto LT, Gabryelski LJ, Lai MT, Prasad SG, Yan Y, McGaughey GB, Miller MD, Lindsley CW, Hartman GD, Vacca JP, Williams TM. Corrigendum to “Novel indole-3-sulfonamides as potent HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2008) 554]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Schlegel KAS, Yang ZQ, Reger TS, Shu Y, Cube R, Rittle KE, Bondiskey P, Bock MG, Hartman GD, Tang C, Ballard J, Kuo Y, Prueksaritanont T, Nuss CE, Doran SM, Fox SV, Garson SL, Kraus RL, Li Y, Uebele VN, Renger JJ, Barrow JC. Discovery and expanded SAR of 4,4-disubstituted quinazolin-2-ones as potent T-type calcium channel antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5147-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Cox CD, Breslin MJ, Whitman DB, Schreier JD, McGaughey GB, Bogusky MJ, Roecker AJ, Mercer SP, Bednar RA, Lemaire W, Bruno JG, Reiss DR, Harrell CM, Murphy KL, Garson SL, Doran SM, Prueksaritanont T, Anderson WB, Tang C, Roller S, Cabalu TD, Cui D, Hartman GD, Young SD, Koblan KS, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ, Coleman PJ. Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5320-32. [PMID: 20565075 DOI: 10.1021/jm100541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite increased understanding of the biological basis for sleep control in the brain, few novel mechanisms for the treatment of insomnia have been identified in recent years. One notable exception is inhibition of the excitatory neuropeptides orexins A and B by design of orexin receptor antagonists. Herein, we describe how efforts to understand the origin of poor oral pharmacokinetics in a leading HTS-derived diazepane orexin receptor antagonist led to the identification of compound 10 with a 7-methyl substitution on the diazepane core. Though 10 displayed good potency, improved pharmacokinetics, and excellent in vivo efficacy, it formed reactive metabolites in microsomal incubations. A mechanistic hypothesis coupled with an in vitro assay to assess bioactivation led to replacement of the fluoroquinazoline ring of 10 with a chlorobenzoxazole to provide 3 (MK-4305), a potent dual orexin receptor antagonist that is currently being tested in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of primary insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Cox
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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32
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Coleman PJ, Schreier JD, Roecker AJ, Mercer SP, McGaughey GB, Cox CD, Hartman GD, Harrell CM, Reiss DR, Doran SM, Garson SL, Anderson WB, Tang C, Prueksaritanont T, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ. Discovery of 3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes as potent dual orexin receptor antagonists with sleep-promoting activity in the rat. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4201-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Barrow JC, Rittle KE, Reger TS, Yang ZQ, Bondiskey P, McGaughey GB, Bock MG, Hartman GD, Tang C, Ballard J, Kuo Y, Prueksaritanont T, Nuss CE, Doran SM, Fox SV, Garson SL, Kraus RL, Li Y, Marino MJ, Kuzmick Graufelds V, Uebele VN, Renger JJ. Discovery of 4,4-Disubstituted Quinazolin-2-ones as T-Type Calcium Channel Antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:75-9. [PMID: 24900180 DOI: 10.1021/ml100004r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of quinazolinone T-type calcium channel antagonists have been prepared and evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays. Optimization of the screening hit 3 by modifications of the 3- and 4-positions of the quinazolinone ring afforded potent and selective antagonists that displayed in vivo central nervous system efficacy in epilepsy and tremor models, as well as significant effects on rat active wake as measured by electrocorticogram.
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34
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Melamed JY, Zartman AE, Kett NR, Gotter AL, Uebele VN, Reiss DR, Condra CL, Fandozzi C, Lubbers LS, Rowe BA, McGaughey GB, Henault M, Stocco R, Renger JJ, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT, Trotter BW. Synthesis and evaluation of a new series of Neuropeptide S receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4700-3. [PMID: 20510609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Administration of Neuropeptide S (NPS) has been shown to produce arousal, that is, independent of novelty and to induce wakefulness by suppressing all stages of sleep, as demonstrated by EEG recordings in rat. Medicinal chemistry efforts have identified a quinolinone class of potent NPSR antagonists that readily cross the blood-brain barrier. We detail here optimization efforts resulting in the identification of a potent NPSR antagonist which dose-dependently and specifically inhibited (125)I-NPS binding in the CNS when administered to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y Melamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA.
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35
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Brnardic EJ, Fraley ME, Garbaccio RM, Layton ME, Sanders JM, Culberson C, Jacobson MA, Magliaro BC, Hutson PH, O’Brien JA, Huszar SL, Uslaner JM, Fillgrove KL, Tang C, Kuo Y, Sur SM, Hartman GD. 3-Aryl-5-phenoxymethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones as positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2 for the treatment of schizophrenia: Hit-to-lead efforts. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3129-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Beshore DC, Liverton NJ, McIntyre CJ, Claiborne CF, Libby B, Culberson JC, Salata JJ, Regan CP, Lynch JJ, Kiss L, Spencer RH, Kane SA, White RB, Yeh S, Hartman GD, Dinsmore CJ. Discovery of triarylethanolamine inhibitors of the Kv1.5 potassium channel. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2493-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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37
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Kuduk SD, Di Marco CN, Chang RK, Ray WJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Seager MA, Koeplinger KA, Thompson CD, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT. Heterocyclic fused pyridone carboxylic acid M1 positive allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2533-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Kuduk SD, DiPardo RM, Beshore DC, Ray WJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Seager MA, Koeplinger KA, Thompson CD, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT. Hydroxy cycloalkyl fused pyridone carboxylic acid M1 positive allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2538-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Schmidt A, Kimmel DB, Bai C, Scafonas A, Rutledge S, Vogel RL, McElwee-Witmer S, Chen F, Nantermet PV, Kasparcova V, Leu CT, Zhang HZ, Duggan ME, Gentile MA, Hodor P, Pennypacker B, Masarachia P, Opas EE, Adamski SA, Cusick TE, Wang J, Mitchell HJ, Kim Y, Prueksaritanont T, Perkins JJ, Meissner RS, Hartman GD, Freedman LP, Harada SI, Ray WJ. Discovery of the selective androgen receptor modulator MK-0773 using a rational development strategy based on differential transcriptional requirements for androgenic anabolism versus reproductive physiology. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:17054-64. [PMID: 20356837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.099002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are androgen receptor (AR) ligands that induce anabolism while having reduced effects in reproductive tissues. In various experimental contexts SARMs fully activate, partially activate, or even antagonize the AR, but how these complex activities translate into tissue selectivity is not known. Here, we probed receptor function using >1000 synthetic AR ligands. These compounds produced a spectrum of activities in each assay ranging from 0 to 100% of maximal response. By testing different classes of compounds in ovariectomized rats, we established that ligands that transactivated a model promoter 40-80% of an agonist, recruited the coactivator GRIP-1 <15%, and stabilized the N-/C-terminal interdomain interaction <7% induced bone formation with reduced effects in the uterus and in sebaceous glands. Using these criteria, multiple SARMs were synthesized including MK-0773, a 4-aza-steroid that exhibited tissue selectivity in humans. Thus, AR activated to moderate levels due to reduced cofactor recruitment, and N-/C-terminal interactions produce a fully anabolic response, whereas more complete receptor activation is required for reproductive effects. This bimodal activation provides a molecular basis for the development of SARMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azriel Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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40
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Li C, Lu B, Garbaccio RM, Tasber ES, Fraley ME, Hartman GD, Ye J, Harrelson JC, Prueksaritanont T. Stereospecific reduction of a potent kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor in human tissues. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:1526-33. [PMID: 20109439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Compound A, 1-{(3R,3aR)-3-[3-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-7-fluoro-3-phenyl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,4]benzoxazin-2-yl}ethanone, is a novel and potent inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin spindle protein. Metabolism studies with human hepatocytes showed that Compound A underwent significant ketone reduction to its biologically active metabolite M1. Here, we describe the studies that characterized the metabolic interconversion between Compound A and M1 in vitro in human tissues. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the ketone reduction was stereospecific for M1 with no diastereomer of M1 detected in incubations with human hepatocytes. Interestingly, such stereospecific ketone reduction was not observed with Compound B, the enantiomer of Compound A. No reductive products were observed when Compound B was incubated with human hepatocytes. Studies with human liver subcellular fractions showed that Compound A was reduced to M1 primarily by human liver cytosol with little contribution from human liver microsomes and mitochondria. NADPH was the preferred cofactor for the reduction reaction. Reverse oxidation of M1 back to Compound A was also observed, preferentially in human liver cytosol with NADP(+) as the cofactor. The interconversion between Compound A and M1 in human liver cytosol was inhibited significantly by flufenamic acid and phenolphthalein (potent inhibitors for aldo-keto reductase 1Cs, p<0.05), but not by menadione, a selective inhibitor for carbonyl reductase. In addition to the liver, S9 from human lung and kidney was also capable of catalyzing this interconversion. Collectively, the results implicated the aldo-keto reductase 1Cs as the most likely enzymes responsible for the metabolic interconversion of Compound A and its active metabolite M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunze Li
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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41
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Kuduk SD, Di Marco CN, Bodmer-Narkevitch V, Cook SP, Cato MJ, Jovanovska A, Urban MO, Leitl M, Sain N, Liang A, Spencer RH, Kane SA, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and pharmacological profile of analogs of the ASIC-3 inhibitor A-317567. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:19-24. [PMID: 22778804 DOI: 10.1021/cn9000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and pharmacological evaluation of analogs of the acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) inhibitor A-317567 are reported. It was found that the compound with an acetylenic linkage was the most potent ASIC-3 channel blocker. This compound reversed mechanical hypersensitivity in the rat iodoacetate model of osteoarthritis pain, although sedation was noted. Sedation was also observed in ASIC-3 knockout mice, questioning whether sedation and antinociception are mediated via a non-ASIC-3 specific mechanism.
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42
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Kuduk SD, Di Marco CN, Cofre V, Pitts DR, Ray WJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Veng L, Seager MA, Koeplinger K, Thompson CD, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT. N-heterocyclic derived M1 positive allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1334-7. [PMID: 20097564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of a phenyl ring with N-linked heterocycles in a series of quinolone carboxylic acid M1 positive allosteric modulators was investigated. In particular, a pyrazole derivative exhibited improvements in potency, free fraction, and CNS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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43
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Kuduk SD, Di Marco CN, Cofre V, Pitts DR, Ray WJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Seager MA, Seager M, Koeplinger K, Thompson CD, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT. Pyridine containing M(1) positive allosteric modulators with reduced plasma protein binding. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:657-61. [PMID: 19962304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of pyridines and diazines into the biphenyl region of quinolone carboxylic acid derived M(1) positive allosteric modulators was investigated as a means of lowering plasma protein binding to enhance CNS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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44
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Yang FV, Shipe WD, Bunda JL, Nolt MB, Wisnoski DD, Zhao Z, Barrow JC, Ray WJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Seager MA, Koeplinger KA, Hartman GD, Lindsley CW. Parallel synthesis of N-biaryl quinolone carboxylic acids as selective M(1) positive allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:531-6. [PMID: 20004574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An iterative analog library synthesis approach was employed in the exploration of a quinolone carboxylic acid series of selective M(1) positive allosteric modulators, and strategies for improving potency and plasma free fraction were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng V Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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45
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Schmidt A, Harada SI, Kimmel DB, Bai C, Chen F, Rutledge SJ, Vogel RL, Scafonas A, Gentile MA, Nantermet PV, McElwee-Witmer S, Pennypacker B, Masarachia P, Sahoo SP, Kim Y, Meissner RS, Hartman GD, Duggan ME, Rodan GA, Towler DA, Ray WJ. Identification of anabolic selective androgen receptor modulators with reduced activities in reproductive tissues and sebaceous glands. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:36367-36376. [PMID: 19846549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.049734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen replacement therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of frailty; however, androgens pose risks for unwanted effects including virilization and hypertrophy of reproductive organs. Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) retain the anabolic properties of androgens in bone and muscle while having reduced effects in other tissues. We describe two structurally similar 4-aza-steroidal androgen receptor (AR) ligands, Cl-4AS-1, a full agonist, and TFM-4AS-1, which is a SARM. TFM-4AS-1 is a potent AR ligand (IC(50), 38 nm) that partially activates an AR-dependent MMTV promoter (55% of maximal response) while antagonizing the N-terminal/C-terminal interaction within AR that is required for full receptor activation. Microarray analyses of MDA-MB-453 cells show that whereas Cl-4AS-1 behaves like 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), TFM-4AS-1 acts as a gene-selective agonist, inducing some genes as effectively as DHT and others to a lesser extent or not at all. This gene-selective agonism manifests as tissue-selectivity: in ovariectomized rats, Cl-4AS-1 mimics DHT while TFM-4AS-1 promotes the accrual of bone and muscle mass while having reduced effects on reproductive organs and sebaceous glands. Moreover, TFM-4AS-1 does not promote prostate growth and antagonizes DHT in seminal vesicles. To confirm that the biochemical properties of TFM-4AS-1 confer tissue selectivity, we identified a structurally unrelated compound, FTBU-1, with partial agonist activity coupled with antagonism of the N-terminal/C-terminal interaction and found that it also behaves as a SARM. TFM-4AS-1 and FTBU-1 represent two new classes of SARMs and will allow for comparative studies aimed at understanding the biophysical and physiological basis of tissue-selective effects of nuclear receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azriel Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486.
| | - Shun-Ichi Harada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Donald B Kimmel
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Chang Bai
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Su Jane Rutledge
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Robert L Vogel
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Angela Scafonas
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Michael A Gentile
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Pascale V Nantermet
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Sheila McElwee-Witmer
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Brenda Pennypacker
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Patricia Masarachia
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Soumya P Sahoo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Yuntae Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Robert S Meissner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - George D Hartman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Mark E Duggan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Gideon A Rodan
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - William J Ray
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology/Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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46
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Whitman DB, Cox CD, Breslin MJ, Brashear KM, Schreier JD, Bogusky MJ, Bednar RA, Lemaire W, Bruno JG, Hartman GD, Reiss DR, Harrell CM, Kraus RL, Li Y, Garson SL, Doran SM, Prueksaritanont T, Li C, Winrow CJ, Koblan KS, Renger JJ, Coleman PJ. Discovery of a potent, CNS-penetrant orexin receptor antagonist based on an n,n-disubstituted-1,4-diazepane scaffold that promotes sleep in rats. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1069-74. [PMID: 19418500 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Silent Night: Antagonism of the orexin (or hypocretin) system has recently been identified as a novel mechanism for the treatment of insomnia. Herein, we describe discovery of a dual (OX(1)R/OX(2)R) orexin receptor antagonist featuring a 1,4-diazepane central constraint that blocks orexin signaling in vivo. In telemetry-implanted rats, oral administration of this antagonist produced a decrease in wakefulness, while increasing REM and non-REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Whitman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, WP14-2, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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47
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Mitchell HJ, Dankulich WP, Hartman GD, Prueksaritanont T, Schmidt A, Vogel RL, Bai C, McElwee-Witmer S, Zhang HZ, Chen F, Leu CT, Kimmel DB, Ray WJ, Nantermet P, Gentile MA, Duggan ME, Meissner RS. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 16-substituted 4-azasteroids as tissue-selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). J Med Chem 2009; 52:4578-81. [PMID: 19606870 DOI: 10.1021/jm900880r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 16-substituted-4-azasteroids has been identified as potential tissue-selective androgen receptor modulators. These ligands display potent hAR binding and agonist activity, low virilizing potential, and good pharmacokinetic profiles in dogs. On the basis of its in vitro profile, 21 was evaluated in the OVX and ORX rat models and exhibited an osteoanabolic, tissue-selective profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Mitchell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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Kuduk SD, Di Marco CN, Chang RK, Dipardo RM, Cook SP, Cato MJ, Jovanovska A, Urban MO, Leitl M, Spencer RH, Kane SA, Bilodeau MT, Hartman GD, Bock MG. Amiloride derived inhibitors of acid-sensing ion channel-3 (ASIC3). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2514-8. [PMID: 19339181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of amiloride derivatives modified at the 5-position of the pyrazine ring were evaluated as inhibitors of acid-sensing ion channel-3 (ASIC3), a novel target for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Zhao Z, Leister WH, O’Brien JA, Lemaire W, Williams DL, Jacobson MA, Sur C, Kinney GG, Pettibone DJ, Tiller PR, Smith S, Hartman GD, Lindsley CW, Wolkenberg SE. Discovery of N-{[1-(propylsulfonyl)-4-pyridin-2-ylpiperidin-4-yl]methyl}benzamides as novel, selective and potent GlyT1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1488-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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