High prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure detected by breathalyzer in the Republic of the Congo, Africa

OBJECTIVE

Assess the prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure in the Republic of the Congo by measuring breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) levels using a breathalyzer device.

METHODS

Pregnant women were assessed for alcohol use with a breathalyzer reading during two prenatal visits and during labor and delivery.

RESULTS

Among 662 pregnant women consented and screened with a breathalyzer, 192 (29.0%) had a positive BrAC during 1st trimester. During the second assessment, approximately 69% (132) of the 192 pregnant women had a second positive BrAC. A third assessment during labor and delivery identified 60 women (31%) with a third positive BrAC. About 19% (36) of the 192 pregnant women had positive BrACs at all three times. Among women who were positive on the first and second assessments, 30% had a BrAC that was above 0.07, which is almost equivalent of binge drinking (four or more standard drinks in about 2 h). The mean BrAC reading decreased as the pregnancy progressed.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study utilizing a unique exposure detection methodology suggest that the use of BrAC may be a useful objective option to detect and quantify alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The prevalence of alcohol use identified during pregnancy in the Republic of the Congo was increased over 20% when compared to maternal reports from a previous study. Nearly one of every five women identified at the first prenatal visit continued drinking throughout pregnancy. Urgent measures are needed to reduce alcohol consumption among this population of pregnant women.