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Arab L, Hoshika Y, Paoletti E, White PJ, Dannenmann M, Mueller H, Ache P, Hedrich R, Alfarraj S, Albasher G, Rennenberg H. Chronic ozone exposure impairs the mineral nutrition of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seedlings. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160675. [PMID: 36481139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ozone (O3) exposure in the atmosphere preferentially disturbs metabolic processes in the roots rather than the shoot as a consequence of reduced photosynthesis and carbohydrate allocation from the leaves to the roots. The aim of the present study was to elucidate if mineral nutrition is also impaired by chronic O3 exposure. For this purpose, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) plants were fumigated with ambient, 1.5 × ambient and 2 × ambient O3 in a free air controlled exposure (FACE) system for one growing season and concentrations of major nutrients were analyzed in leaves and roots. In addition, concentrations of C and N and their partitioning between different metabolic C and N pools were determined in both organs. The results showed that calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) acquisition by roots was diminished by O3 exposure of the shoot. For Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn reduced uptake by the roots was combined with reduced allocation to the shoot, resulting in a decline of foliar concentrations; for Na and K, allocation to the shoot was maintained at the expense of the roots. Thus, elevated O3 impaired both mineral uptake by the roots and partitioning of minerals between roots and shoots, but in an element specific way. Thereby, elevated O3 affected roots and shoots differently already after one growing season. However, considerable changes in total C and N concentrations and their partitioning between different metabolic pools upon chronic O3 exposure were not observed in either leaves or roots, except for reduced foliar lignin concentrations at 2 × ambient O3. Significant differences in these parameters were shown between leaves and roots independent of O3 application. The physiological consequences of the effects of chronic O3 exposure on mineral acquisition and partitioning between leaves and roots are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Philip J White
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael Dannenmann
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Heike Mueller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Albasher
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
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Arab L, Hoshika Y, Müller H, Cotrozzi L, Nali C, Tonelli M, Ache P, Paoletti E, Alfarraj S, Albasher G, Hedrich R, Rennenberg H. Chronic ozone exposure preferentially modifies root rather than foliar metabolism of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) saplings. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150563. [PMID: 34601178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In their natural environment, date palms are exposed to chronic atmospheric ozone (O3) concentrations from local and remote sources. In order to elucidate the consequences of this exposure, date palm saplings were treated with ambient, 1.5 and 2.0 times ambient O3 for three months in a free-air controlled exposure facility. Chronic O3 exposure reduced carbohydrate contents in leaves and roots, but this effect was much stronger in roots. Still, sucrose contents of both organs were maintained at elevated O3, though at different steady states. Reduced availability of carbohydrate for the Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) may be responsible for the observed reduced foliar contents of several amino acids, whereas malic acid accumulation in the roots indicates a reduced use of TCA cycle intermediates. Carbohydrate deficiency in roots, but not in leaves caused oxidative stress upon chronic O3 exposure, as indicated by enhanced malonedialdehyde, H2O2 and oxidized glutathione contents despite elevated glutathione reductase activity. Reduced levels of phenolics and flavonoids in the roots resulted from decreased production and, therefore, do not indicate oxidative stress compensation by secondary compounds. These results show that roots of date palms are highly susceptible to chronic O3 exposure as a consequence of carbohydrate deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Y Hoshika
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - H Müller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - L Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Nali
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Tonelli
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Paoletti
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Albasher
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
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Dar AA, Fehaid A, Alkhatani S, Alarifi S, Alqahtani WS, Albasher G, Almeer R, Alfarraj S, Moneim AA. The protective role of luteolin against the methotrexate-induced hepato-renal toxicity via its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1194-1207. [PMID: 33530773 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121991905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is frequently used drug in treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, MTX has many side effects including the hepato-renal toxicity. In this study, we hypothesized that Luteolin (Lut) exhibits protective effect against the MTX-induced hepato-renal toxicity. In order to investigate our hypothesis, the experiment was designed to examine the effect of exposure of male rats to MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p., at day 9) alone or together with Lut (50 mg/kg, oral for 14 days) compared to the control rats (received saline). The findings demonstrated that MTX treatment induced significant increases in the liver and kidney functions markers in serum samples including Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine, urea and uric acid. MTX also mediated an oxidative stress expressed by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreased level of reduced glutathione (GSH), antioxidant enzyme activities, and downregulation of the Nrf2 gene expression as an antioxidant trigger. Moreover, the inflammatory markers (NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β) were significantly elevated upon MTX treatment. In addition, MTX showed an apoptotic response mediated by elevating the pro-apoptotic (Bax) and lowering the anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins. All of these changes were confirmed by the observed alterations in the histopathological examination of the hepatic and renal tissues. Lut exposure significantly reversed all the MTX-induced changes in the measured parameters suggesting its potential protective role against the MTX-induced toxicity. Finally, our findings concluded the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Lut as a mechanism of its protective role against the MTX-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Dar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, 74618Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, China
| | - A Fehaid
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 68779Mansoura University, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - S Alkhatani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, 37850King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, 37850King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - W S Alqahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, 37850King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, 37850King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, 37850King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alfarraj
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, 37850King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ae Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, 68900Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Arab L, Seegmueller S, Dannenmann M, Eiblmeier M, Albasher G, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H. Foliar traits of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl) seedlings are largely determined by site properties rather than seed origin. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:1648-1667. [PMID: 32705139 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to climate change, sessile oak (Quercus petraea) seedlings experience an increasing risk of drought during regeneration of forest stands by management practices. The present study was aimed at elucidating the potential of sessile oak seedlings originating from sites with different aridity and nitrogen (N) supply to acclimate to contrasting water availability. For this purpose, a free-air cross-exchange experiment was conducted between a dry and a humid forest stand with high and low soil N contents, respectively, during two consecutive years differing in aridity before harvest. Almost all structural and physiological foliar traits analyzed did not differ consistently between seed origins during both years, when cultivated at the same site. As an exception, the arid provenance upregulated foliar ascorbate contents under drought, whereas the humid provenance accumulated the phenolic antioxidants vescalagin and castalagin (VC) under favorable weather conditions and consumed VC upon drought. Apparently, differences in long-term aridity at the forest sites resulted in only few genetically fixed differences in foliar traits between the provenances. However, structural and physiological traits strongly responded to soil N contents and weather conditions before harvest. Foliar N contents and their partitioning were mostly determined by the differences in soil N availability at the sites, but still were modulated by weather conditions before harvest. In the first year, differences in aridity before harvest resulted in differences between most foliar traits. In the second year, when weather conditions at both sites were considerably similar and more arid compared to the first year, differences in foliar traits were almost negligible. This pattern was observed irrespective of seed origin. These results support the view that leaves of sessile oak seedlings generally possess a high plasticity to cope with extreme differences in aridity by immediate acclimation responses that are even better developed in plants of arid origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Seegmueller
- Zentralstelle der Forstverwaltung, Forschungsanstalt für Waldökologie und Forstwirtschaft, Hauptstraße 16, 67705 Trippstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Dannenmann
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ghada Albasher
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, P.R. China
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Alkahtane AA, Albasher G, Al-Sultan NK, Alqahtani WS, Alarifi S, Almeer RS, Alghamdi J, Ali D, Alahmari A, Alkahtani S. Long-term treatment with finasteride induces apoptosis and pathological changes in female mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:762-774. [PMID: 30943778 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119842195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of alopecia, and it affects humans of both genders. Finasteride is a type II selective 5α-reductase inhibitor that is administered orally to treat androgenetic alopecia and benign prostatic hyperplasia in human males. However, its effect on the vital organs of females is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effects of finasteride on the vital organs such as liver, kidney, and heart of female mice. To study the prospective effects of finasteride, female mice were orally administered two doses of finasteride (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) once daily for 35 days, and serum levels of various biochemical parameters and histopathology of various organs were examined. The results showed that serum levels of alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased by both high- and low-dose finasteride, whereas cholesterol was significantly increased by the high dose only. Creatine kinase was significantly increased by the high and low doses, whereas glucose was significantly decreased by both doses. Histopathological analysis and DNA damage assays showed that finasteride has adverse effects within both the short and the long periods in female mice. In addition, the proapoptotic genes Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased by high dose finasteride, whereas the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 was significantly decreased by the low and high doses. In conclusion, finasteride is not currently approved for therapeutic use in females, and the findings in this study suggest caution in any future consideration of such use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Alkahtane
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Albasher
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N K Al-Sultan
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - W S Alqahtani
- 2 Department of Forensic Biology, College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alarifi
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R S Almeer
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Alghamdi
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Ali
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alahmari
- 3 Department of Biology, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alkahtani
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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