Antibacterial effect of a gingival patch containing nano-emulsion of red dragon fruit peel extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum assessed in vitro

Background

The most common bacteria causing periodontitis were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. At present, plants are considered a valuable source of natural materials for use in the development of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Hylocereus plyrhizus or red dragon fruit peel extract (RDFPE) contains terpenoids, and flavonoids can be an alternative. The gingival patch (GP) has been designed to ensure drug delivery and absorption into tissue targets.

Objective

To assess the effect of a mucoadhesive gingival patch containing nano-emulsion of red dragon fruit peel extract (GP-nRDFPE) in inhibiting Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as compared to control groups.

Material and method

Inhibition by diffusion method was carried out in Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans medium. The test material was gingival patch mucoadhesive containing nano-emulsion red dragon fruit peel extract (GP-nRDFPR), gingival patch mucoadhesive containing red dragon fruit peel extract (GP-RDFPE), gingival patch mucoadhesive containing doxycycline (GP-dcx) and blank gingival patch (GP), conducted in four replications. The differences in the inhibition were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests (p < 0.05).

Result

GP-nRDFPE showed higher inhibition in Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum compared to GP-RDFPE at the concentrations 3.125% and 6.25% (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The GP-nRDFPE showed better anti-periodontic bacteria to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in line with its concentration. This is assumed that the GP-nRDFPE can use as periodontitis treatment.

Synthesis, anti-angiogenic activity and prediction toxicity of (E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl) propenoic acid

Background

Anti-angiogenic medications, one of cancer chemo preventive mechanism were permitted for different cancers. Nevertheless, major primary and secondary resistance obstruct efficacy in several tumor types. Moreover, the improvement of safe and effective NSAIDs for angiogenesis inhibition is complicated, because of their serious toxicity. So, we require improving clinically appropriate strategies to boost efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs with low risk of toxicity.

Objectives

The present study aimed to synthesize the (E)-3- (3-methoxyphenyl)propenoic acid (3MPCA), to determine the anti-angiogenic activity and predict its toxicity.

Methods

3MPCA was obtained by Knoevenagel reaction using microwave irradiation at 400 Watt. The anti-angiogenesis experimental was performed using chorioallantois membrane of embryonated chicken eggs induced by b-FGF. The potency of 3MPCA was verified at dosage 30 and 60 ng and compared with celecoxib 60 ng. Toxicity prediction of 3MPCA was performed by ProTox II online program.

Results

The results showed that 3MPCA was achieved in good yield (89%). Anti angogenic activity was showed by endothelial cells growth in neovascular capillaries of new blood vessel of chorioallantois membrane of embryonated chicken eggs. The endothelial cells growth decreased until 41.7-83%. The prediction LD50 was 1772mg/kg.

Conclusion

(E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)propenoic acid can be obtained through Knovenagel reaction using microwave irradiation and it has potential as anti-angiogenesis inhibitor with low toxicity.

Synthesis, anti-angiogenic activity and prediction toxicity of (E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl) propenoic acid

Background: Anti-angiogenic medications, one of cancer chemo preventive mechanism were permitted for different cancers. Nevertheless, major primary and secondary resistance obstruct efficacy in several tumor types. Moreover, the improvement of safe and effective NSAIDs for angiogenesis inhibition is complicated, because of their serious toxicity. So, we require improving clinically appropriate strategies to boost efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs with low risk of toxicity. Objectives: The present study aimed to synthesize the (E)-3- (3-methoxyphenyl)propenoic acid (3MPCA), to determine the anti-angiogenic activity and predict its toxicity. Methods: 3MPCA was obtained by Knoevenagel reaction using microwave irradiation at 400 Watt. The anti-angiogenesis experimental was performed using chorioallantois membrane of embryonated chicken eggs induced by b-FGF. The potency of 3MPCA was verified at dosage 30 and 60 ng and compared with celecoxib 60 ng. Toxicity prediction of 3MPCA was performed by ProTox II online program. Results: The results showed that 3MPCA was achieved in good yield (89%). Anti angogenic activity was showed by endothelial cells growth in neovascular capillaries of new blood vessel of chorioallantois membrane of embryonated chicken eggs. The endothelial cells growth decreased until 41.7-83%. The prediction LD50 was 1772mg/kg. Conclusion: (E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)propenoic acid can be obtained through Knovenagel reaction using microwave irradiation and it has potential as anti-angiogenesis inhibitor with low toxicity.