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Javidnia J, Ghotbi Z, Ghojoghi A, Solhjoo K, Alshahni MM, Jeddi SA, Ahmadi B, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Ansari S, Shokoohi G. Otomycosis in the South of Iran with a High Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforation: A Hospital-Based Study. Mycopathologia 2022; 187:225-233. [PMID: 35347533 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Otomycosis is a superficial infection of the external ear caused by fungal pathogens. The genera Aspergillus and Candida are considered the main fungal causative agents, with the predominance of Aspergillus section Nigri. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical symptoms of patients with otomycosis and predisposing factors and to identify fungal etiological agents using molecular approaches. We also present an overview of published papers on tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) secondary to otomycosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS An otorhinolaryngologist collected specimens from external ear canals of patients with suspected otomycosis based on the patient's history and clinical examinations. The specimens were collected using sterile swabs. Fungal isolates were confirmed in clinical specimens by direct microscopy and culture methods. Fungal isolates were identified based on molecular approaches. RESULTS In total, specimens from 211 patients with suspected otomycosis were examined. The presence of fungi was confirmed in about 51% of patients based on fungal elements in direct microscopy and culture-positive fungi. Aspergillus tubingensis was the most commonly isolated species (52.77%), followed by Aspergillus niger (25.92%). Otomycosis due to infection with Candida species was observed in 16% of cases. Of note, in 36.11% of cases, otomycosis was associated with TMP. CONCLUSION A mycological examination is indispensable for a correct diagnosis in patients with otitis extern. TMP should be considered in patients with otomycosis, as it appears to be relatively common in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Javidnia
- Student Research Committee Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghotbi
- Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Aynaz Ghojoghi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kavous Solhjoo
- Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ali Jeddi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shokoohi
- Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. .,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
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Shokoohi G, Badali H, Ahmadi B, Satoh K, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Nikaeen M, Gramishoar M, Jalalizand N, Kianipour S, Mirhendi H, Makimura K. Isolation and molecular characterization of clinical and environmental dematiaceous fungi and relatives from Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 7:1-8. [PMID: 35528626 PMCID: PMC9006730 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.3.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The frequency and genetic diversity of black fungi in environmental and clinical settings have not been fully studied in Iran. This study aimed to identify and evaluate intra- and inter-species DNA sequence variation and also understand the phylogenetic relationships of melanized fungi and relatives isolated from different geographical regions of Iran. Materials and Methods: In total, 111 clinical and environmental strains of dematiaceous fungi were isolated, and their internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA (rDNA) regions were sequenced and analyzed. Results: An inter-species nucleotide sequence diversity rate of 1 to 464 nucleotides was observed between the species. Intra-species differences were found in the strains of
Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria tenuissima, Curvularia spicifera, Aureobasidium pullulans, Curvularia hawaiiensis, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Alternaria
terricola, Alternaria chlamydospora, Didymella glomerata, and Drechslera dematioidea by 0–59, 0–22, 0–4, 0–4, 0–3, 0–2, 0–2, 0–2, 0–2, 0–1, and 0–1 nucleotide, respectively. Conclusion: The internal transcribed spacer rDNA is useful for the discrimination of several taxa of dematiaceous fungi. However, a better understanding of the taxonomy of species of Alternaria requires a larger rDNA region or a library of other gene sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Shokoohi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Kazuo Satoh
- General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mahnaz Nikaeen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gramishoar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nilufar Jalalizand
- 0 National Institute of Health Research Isfahan Health Research Station, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Kianipour
- 1 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine and Reference Mycology Laboratory , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- 1 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine and Reference Mycology Laboratory , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Koichi Makimura
- 2 Medical Mycology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Shokoohi G, Javidnia J, Mirhendi H, Rasekh-Jahromi A, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Ansari S, Maryami F, Goodarzi S, Romeo O. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida dubliniensis and Candida africana isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis: A single-centre experience in Iran. Mycoses 2021; 64:771-779. [PMID: 33811780 PMCID: PMC8251901 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common and debilitating long‐term illness affecting million women worldwide. This disease is caused mainly by Candida albicans and a lesser extent by other species, including the two phylogenetically closely related pathogens Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis. Objectives In this study, we report detailed molecular epidemiological data about the occurrence of these two pathogenic yeasts in Iranian patients affected by VVC, or its chronic recurrent form (RVVC), and provide, for the first time, data on the antifungal activity of two new drugs, efinaconazole (EFN) and luliconazole (LUL). Methods A total of 133 vaginal yeast isolates, presumptively identified as Calbicans by phenotypic and restriction analysis of rDNA, were further analysed by using a specific molecular method targeting the HWP1 gene. All Cafricana and Cdubliniensis isolates were also tested for their in vitro susceptibility to a panel of modern and classical antifungal drugs. Results and Conclusions Based on the molecular results, among 133 germ‐tube positive isolates, we identify 119 Calbicans (89.47%), 11 Cafricana (8.27%) and 3 Cdubliniensis (2.26%) isolates. Cafricana and Cdubliniensis showed low MIC values for most of the antifungal drugs tested, especially for EFN and LUL, which exhibited a remarkable antifungal activity. High MIC values were observed only for nystatin and terbinafine. Although Calbicans remains the most common Candida species recovered from Iranian VVC/RVVC patients, our data show that its prevalence may be slightly overestimated due to the presence of difficult‐to‐identify closely related yeast, especially Cafricana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Shokoohi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Student Research Committee Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Athar Rasekh-Jahromi
- Department of Obstetrician and Gynecology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faeze Maryami
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Sahand Goodarzi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Orazio Romeo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Khatonaki H, Mazaherifar S, Shokoohi G, Hatami N, Vafai Z, Javdani F, Abolghazi A. The epidemiology and medical care costs of Echinococcus granulosusis in Jahrom, southern Iran from 2007 to 2017. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2020; 10:1821503. [PMID: 33062216 PMCID: PMC7534386 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1821503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a rare parasitic infection causing Cystic Echinococcosis, which can be dangerous due to involving the body. This parasitic infection is a significant health problem in Iran. However, little is known about this disease, specifically in Jahrom city; thus, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and the economic impact of the illness. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the files of 137 patients who were under the care, and treatment of the final diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis were evaluated by reviewing the information such as age, gender, occupation, place of residence was collected, and analyzed. Results: Human cystic echinococcosis cases were more common in females, 57.2% (12 patients) and 42.8% (9 patients) were male. In terms of age, most patients (23.8%) were in the age range from 21 to 30 years. The chief complaint at diagnosis, in all cases, was abdominal pain. Besides, 71.42% of the cases had the liver involvement alone, 9.52% had the lung involvement alone, 9.52% had a co-infection of liver and lung, and 4.74% had the kidney involvement alone. Conclusions: The results of the present study are beneficial in determining the disease status and the epidemiology of hydatid cyst in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Khatonaki
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mazaherifar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shokoohi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Naser Hatami
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Zahra Vafai
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Farshid Javdani
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ahmad Abolghazi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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