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Dash M, Mahajan B, Dar GM, Sahu P, Saluja SS. An update on the cell-free DNA-derived methylome as a non-invasive biomarker for coronary artery disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 169:106555. [PMID: 38428633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the foremost contributor to global mortality, presenting a complex etiology and an expanding array of risk factors. Coronary artery disease characterized by atherosclerotic plaque build-up in the coronary arteries, imposes significant mortality and financial burdens, especially in low- and middle-income nations. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease involves a multifaceted interplay of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Epigenetic regulation contributes to the dynamic control of gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. The mounting evidence that highlights the pivotal role of epigenetic regulation in coronary artery disease development and progression, offering potential avenues for the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Abnormal DNA methylation patterns are linked to the modulation of gene expression involved in crucial processes like lipid metabolism, inflammation, and vascular function in the context of coronary artery disease. Cell-free DNA has become invaluable in tumor biology as a liquid biopsy, while its applications in coronary artery disease are limited, but intriguing. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture causes myocardial infarction, by depriving heart muscles of oxygen, releasing cell-free DNA from dead cardiac cells, and providing a minimally invasive source to explore tissue-specific epigenetic alterations. We discussed the methodologies for studying the global methylome and hydroxy-methylome landscape, their advantages, and limitations. It explores methylome alterations in coronary artery disease, considering risk factors and their relevance in coronary artery disease genesis. The review also details the implications of MI-derived cell-free DNA for developing minimally invasive biomarkers and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoswini Dash
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; School of Medicine, Center for Aging, Tulane University, LA, United States
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
| | - Ghulam Mehdi Dar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Parameswar Sahu
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of GI Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
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Dar GM. Sex differences in cardiometabolic health. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:688. [PMID: 37749384 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mehdi Dar
- Central Molecular Lab, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
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Dar GM, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Ashraf GM, Saluja SS. Genetic aberration analysis of mitochondrial respiratory complex I implications in the development of neurological disorders and their clinical significance. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101906. [PMID: 36905963 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Growing neurological diseases pose difficult challenges for modern medicine to diagnose and manage them effectively. Many neurological disorders mainly occur due to genetic alteration in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. Moreover, mitochondrial genes exhibit a higher rate of mutation due to the generation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative phosphorylation operating in their vicinity. Among the different complexes of Electron transport chain (ETC), NADH: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Mitochondrial complex I) is the most important. This multimeric enzyme, composed of 44 subunits, is encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. It often exhibits mutations resulting in development of various neurological diseases. The most prominent diseases include leigh syndrome (LS), leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), myoclonic epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers (MERRF), idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and, Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preliminary data suggest that mitochondrial complex I subunit genes mutated are frequently of nuclear origin; however, most of the mtDNA gene encoding subunits are also primarily involved. In this review, we have discussed the genetic origins of neurological disorders involving mitochondrial complex I and signified recent approaches to unravel the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mehdi Dar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Ejaj Ahmad
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi 110002, India; Department of GI Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi 110002, India.
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Ahmad E, Ali A, Nimisha, Kumar Sharma A, Ahmed F, Mehdi Dar G, Mohan Singh A, Apurva, Kumar A, Athar A, Parveen F, Mahajan B, Singh Saluja S. Molecular approaches in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 537:60-73. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
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Dar GM, Agarwal S, Kumar A, Nimisha, Apurva, Sharma AK, Verma R, Sattar RSA, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Saluja SS, Meher R. A non-invasive miRNA-based approach in early diagnosis and therapeutics of oral cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Dar GM, Agarwal S, Kumar A, Nimisha, Apurva, Sharma AK, Verma R, Sattar RSA, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Saluja SS, Meher R. A non-invasive miRNA-based approach in early diagnosis and therapeutics of oral cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103850. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
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Ahmad E, Ali A, Nimisha, Kumar Sharma A, Ahmed F, Mehdi Dar G, Mohan Singh A, Apurva, Kumar A, Athar A, Parveen F, Mahajan B, Singh Saluja S. Molecular approaches in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 537:60-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sattar RSA, Verma R, Nimisha, Kumar A, Dar GM, Apurva, Sharma AK, Kumari I, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Saluja SS. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer and the potential role of exosomes in drug delivery. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110413. [PMID: 35907519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is third most common cancer with second most common cause of death worldwide. One fourth to one fifth of the CRC cases are detected at advance stage. Early detection of colorectal cancer might help in decreasing mortality and morbidity worldwide. CRC being a heterogeneous disease, new non-invasive approaches are needed to complement and improve the screening and management of CRC. Reliable and early detectable biomarkers would improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic responses, and will enable the prediction of drug response and recurrence risk. Over the past decades molecular research has demonstrated the potentials of CTCs, ctDNAs, circulating mRNA, ncRNAs, and exosomes as tumor biomarkers. Non-invasive screening approaches using fecal samples for identification of altered gut microbes in CRC is also gaining attention. Exosomes can be potential candidates that can be employed in the drug delivery system. Further, the integration of in vitro, in vivo and in silico models that involve CRC biomarkers will help to understand the interactions occurring at the cellular level. This review summarizes recent update on CRC biomarkers and their application along with the nanoparticles followed by the application of organoid culture in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Verma
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Ghulam Mehdi Dar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Apurva
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Indu Kumari
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Ejaj Ahmad
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of GI Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
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Ahmad E, Ali A, Nimisha, Kumar Sharma A, Apurva, Kumar A, Dar GM, Sumayya Abdul Sattar R, Verma R, Mahajan B, Singh Saluja S. Molecular markers in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:95-114. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
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Dar GM, Dash M, Mahajan B. Teerakanchana’s equation transcends over 12 other LDL-C quantification formulae in the North Indian population. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:168-176. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
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