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da Silva LE, Abel JS, Tartari G, da Silva MR, de Oliveira MP, Vedova LMD, Mendes TF, Mendes RL, Soares HJ, Vernke CN, Zaccaron RP, Lemos IS, Petronilho F, Silveira PCL, Streck EL, de Ávila RAM, de Mello AH, Rezin GT. Combination of Gold Nanoparticles with Carnitine Attenuates Brain Damage in an Obesity Animal Model. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03984-1. [PMID: 38296901 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Obesity causes inflammation in the adipose tissue and can affect the central nervous system, leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, it becomes necessary to seek new therapeutic alternatives. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) could take carnitine to the adipose tissue, thus increasing fatty acid oxidation, reducing inflammation, and, consequently, restoring brain homeostasis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of GNPs associated with carnitine on the neurochemical parameters of obesity-induced mice. Eighty male Swiss mice that received a normal lipid diet (control group) or a high-fat diet (obese group) for 10 weeks were used. At the end of the sixth week, the groups were divided for daily treatment with saline, GNPs (70 µg/kg), carnitine (500 mg/kg), or GNPs associated with carnitine, respectively. Body weight was monitored weekly. At the end of the tenth week, the animals were euthanized and the mesenteric fat removed and weighed; the brain structures were separated for biochemical analysis. It was found that obesity caused oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain structures. Treatment with GNPs isolated reduced oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Carnitine isolated decreased the accumulation of mesenteric fat and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. The combination of treatments reduced the accumulation of mesenteric fat and mitochondrial dysfunction in the striatum. Therefore, these treatments in isolation, become a promising option for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil.
| | - Jessica Silva Abel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Gisele Tartari
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marques Dela Vedova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Talita Farias Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Rayane Luiz Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Hevylin Jacintho Soares
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Nandi Vernke
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Rubya Pereira Zaccaron
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Silva Lemos
- Laboratory of Neurometabolic Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Pathophysiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Laboratory of Neurometabolic Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrez Machado de Ávila
- Pathophysiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Haas de Mello
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
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da Silva LE, de Oliveira MP, da Silva MR, Abel JDS, Tartari G, de Aguiar da Costa M, Ludvig Gonçalves C, Rezin GT. L-carnitine and Acetyl-L Carnitine: A Possibility for Treating Alterations Induced by Obesity in the Central Nervous System. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3316-3326. [PMID: 37495838 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of nutrients, as well as obesity, leads to an inflammatory process, especially in adipose tissue. This inflammation reaches the systemic level and, subsequently, the central nervous system (CNS), which can lead to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in brain damage. Thus, adequate treatment for obesity is necessary, including lifestyle changes (diet adequation and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy. However, these drugs can adversely affect the individual's health. In this sense, searching for new therapeutic alternatives for reestablishing metabolic homeostasis is necessary. L-carnitine (LC) and acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) have neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in several conditions, including obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a narrative review of the literature on the effect of LC and LAC on brain damage caused by obesity, in particular, on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Overall, these findings highlight that LC and LAC may be a promising treatment for recovering REDOX status and mitochondrial dysfunction in the CNS in obesity. Future work should focus on better elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jéssica da Silva Abel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gisele Tartari
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maiara de Aguiar da Costa
- Laboratory of Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme South Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cinara Ludvig Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme South Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Abel J, Silva MRD, Costa AB, Oliveira MPD, Silva LED, Dela Vedova LM, Mendes TF, Tartari G, Possato JC, Ferreira GK, Machado de Avila RA, Rezin GT. Therapeutic effects of the gold nanoparticle on obesity-triggered neuroinflammation: a review. J Drug Target 2023; 31:134-141. [PMID: 36066550 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is considered a chronic non-communicable disease characterised by excess body fat. In recent years the prevalence of obesity has grown a lot. Individuals with obesity store the excess of nutrients consumed in the form of fat in adipose tissue, and generate an imbalance of this tissue, where there is the secretion of adipocytokines, which contributes to a peripheral and central inflammatory picture, reaching the central nervous system (CNS), generating neuroinflammation. There is still no effective and safe therapy for the treatment of obesity, many of the drugs marketed has serious side effects. Therefore, there is a search for therapies aimed mainly at reducing inflammation.Objective: In this work the possibility of using a new therapeutic option for obesity will be explored, using nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has gained prominence in recent years for being a promising technology for treatment and as a molecule-in-the-light in inflammatory diseases. Gold nanoparticles (GNP) stand out among nanomaterials because they demonstrate anti-inflammatory characteristics by various pathways, and have been widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including in the CNS, demonstrating excellent results.Result: Thus, the use of GNP for the treatment of obesity is promising due to the inflammatory state of obesity, thus acting as anti-inflammatory at the peripheral and central levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Abel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Costa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marques Dela Vedova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Talita Farias Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gisele Tartari
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jonathann Correa Possato
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Andrez Machado de Avila
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Colombo N, Salerno F, Martin M, Malandrino M, Giardino M, Serra E, Godone D, Said-Pullicino D, Fratianni S, Paro L, Tartari G, Freppaz M. Influence of permafrost, rock and ice glaciers on chemistry of high-elevation ponds (NW Italian Alps). Sci Total Environ 2019; 685:886-901. [PMID: 31247436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Permafrost degradation, rock-glacier thawing, and glacier retreat are influencing surface water quality at high elevations. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the dominant geochemical reactions occurring in different cryospheric conditions and how these reactions change during the ice-free season. In the Col d'Olen area (LTER site, NW Italian Alps), four ponds with similar sizes, located in basins with different cryospheric features (glacier, permafrost, rock glacier, none of these), are present in a geographically limited area. All ponds were sampled weekly in 2015 and partially in 2014. Major ions, selected trace elements, and biotic parameters (dissolved organic carbon-DOC, fluorescence index-FI, and nitrate) are examined to evidence the effect of different cryospheric features on water characteristics. Where cryospheric conditions occur chemical weathering is more intensive, with strong seasonal increase of major ions. Sulphide oxidation dominates in glacier and permafrost lying on acid rocks, probably driven by enhanced weathering of freshly exposed rocks in subglacial environment and recently deglaciated areas, and active layer thickness increase. Differently, carbonation dominates for the rock glacier lying on ultramafic rocks. There, high Ni concentrations originate from dissolution of Mg-bearing rocks in the landform. In all settings, pH neutralisation occurs because of the presence of secondary carbonate lithology and ultramafic rocks. Nitrate highest concentrations and changes occur in cryospheric settings while DOC and FI do not show strong differences and seasonal variations. The establishment of more frequent monitoring for water quality in high-elevated surface waters is necessary to provide greater statistical power to detect changes on longer time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Colombo
- University of Turin, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - F Salerno
- CNR-IRSA (National Research Council - Water Research Institute), Brugherio, Italy.
| | - M Martin
- University of Turin, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - M Malandrino
- University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Turin, Italy
| | - M Giardino
- University of Turin, Department of Earth Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - E Serra
- University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Godone
- CNR-IRPI (National Research Council - Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection), Turin, Italy
| | - D Said-Pullicino
- University of Turin, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - S Fratianni
- University of Turin, Department of Earth Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - L Paro
- Arpa Piemonte, Department of "Natural and Environmental Risks", Turin, Italy
| | - G Tartari
- CNR-IRSA (National Research Council - Water Research Institute), Brugherio, Italy
| | - M Freppaz
- University of Turin, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Grugliasco, Italy
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Copetti D, Valsecchi L, Capodaglio AG, Tartari G. Direct measurement of nutrient concentrations in freshwaters with a miniaturized analytical probe: evaluation and validation. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:144. [PMID: 28265833 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the evaluation of the aqueous concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonium nitrogen (N-NH4) in surface water by means of direct online instrumentation. A portable, submersible, and automated analyzer designed to measure dissolved and total nutrient concentrations characterized by miniaturization of the entire analytical process was tested against laboratory methods. A total number of 36 water samples of different origin (i.e., rain, river, lake, and sewage waters) were analyzed and used in the comparison of DRP, TP, and N-NH4 data. Raw data were distributed in a broad range of concentrations: 5-299 μg P/L for DRP, 7-97 μg P/L for TP, and 11-332 μg N/L for N-NH4. Regression analysis underlined a high significant correlation between the measures of the probe and those of the laboratory (0.6 < R 2 < 0.9; p < 0.001) and pointed out the effectiveness of the new instrument in representing a broad range of nutrient concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Copetti
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, UOS Brugherio, 20861, Brugherio, Italy.
| | - L Valsecchi
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, UOS Brugherio, 20861, Brugherio, Italy
| | - A G Capodaglio
- Department of Civil Engineering & Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - G Tartari
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, UOS Brugherio, 20861, Brugherio, Italy
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Funari E, Cavalieri M, Ade P, Barone R, Garibaldi L, Pomati F, Rossetti C, Sanangelantoni AM, Sechi N, Tartari G, Ventura S. [Environmental and health problems of cyanobacteria blooms in surface waters in reference to the Italian situation]. Ann Ig 2000; 12:381-400. [PMID: 11148975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Funari
- Lab. di Igiene Ambientale, Ist. Super. di Sanità, Roma
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Guzzella L, Bartone C, Ross P, Tartari G, Muntau H. Toxicity identification evaluation of Lake Orta (Northern Italy) sediments using the Microtox system. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1996; 35:231-235. [PMID: 9006998 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1996.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pore waters extracted by centrifugation from Lake Orta (Northern Italy) sediments were studied with a modified Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) procedure using the Microtox bacterial luminescence toxicity test system. The most toxic pore water samples were from stations near a rayon factory, known as a source of copper and ammonium discharges. The TIE manipulations used were filtration, EDTA chelation, and C18 solid-phase resin adsorption. The most effective treatments to remove toxicity were the EDTA and C18, indicating that both metals and nonpolar organic compounds contribute to the observed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guzzella
- Water Research Institute-CNR, via della Mornera 25, Brugherio Milan, 20047, Italy
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