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Mikaelsdottir E, Thorleifsson G, Stefansdottir L, Halldorsson G, Sigurdsson JK, Lund SH, Tragante V, Melsted P, Rognvaldsson S, Norland K, Helgadottir A, Magnusson MK, Ragnarsson GB, Kristinsson SY, Reykdal S, Vidarsson B, Gudmundsdottir IJ, Olafsson I, Onundarson PT, Sigurdardottir O, Sigurdsson EL, Grondal G, Geirsson AJ, Geirsson G, Gudmundsson J, Holm H, Saevarsdottir S, Jonsdottir I, Thorgeirsson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Rafnar T, Stefansson K. Genetic variants associated with platelet count are predictive of human disease and physiological markers. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1132. [PMID: 34580418 PMCID: PMC8476563 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important role in hemostasis and other aspects of vascular biology. We conducted a meta-analysis of platelet count GWAS using data on 536,974 Europeans and identified 577 independent associations. To search for mechanisms through which these variants affect platelets, we applied cis-expression quantitative trait locus, DEPICT and IPA analyses and assessed genetic sharing between platelet count and various traits using polygenic risk scoring. We found genetic sharing between platelet count and counts of other blood cells (except red blood cells), in addition to several other quantitative traits, including markers of cardiovascular, liver and kidney functions, height, and weight. Platelet count polygenic risk score was predictive of myeloproliferative neoplasms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, hypertension, and benign prostate hyperplasia. Taken together, these results advance understanding of diverse aspects of platelet biology and how they affect biological processes in health and disease. Evgenia Mikaelsdottir et al. report a study of variants associated with platelet count among European individuals where they identify 577 associations. They also report a genetic overlap between platelet count and human diseases, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypertension, as well as a genetic overlap between platelet count and various physiological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sigrun H Lund
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Magnus K Magnusson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunnar B Ragnarsson
- Department of Oncology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurdur Y Kristinsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigrun Reykdal
- Department of Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brynjar Vidarsson
- Department of Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall T Onundarson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olof Sigurdardottir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Akureyri Hospital, 600, Akureyri, Iceland
| | | | - Gerdur Grondal
- Department of Rheumatology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arni J Geirsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Geirsson
- Department of Urology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Saedis Saevarsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Rheumatology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Cardiology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorunn Rafnar
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Rafnar T, Gunnarsson B, Stefansson OA, Sulem P, Ingason A, Frigge ML, Stefansdottir L, Sigurdsson JK, Tragante V, Steinthorsdottir V, Styrkarsdottir U, Stacey SN, Gudmundsson J, Arnadottir GA, Oddsson A, Zink F, Halldorsson G, Sveinbjornsson G, Kristjansson RP, Davidsson OB, Salvarsdottir A, Thoroddsen A, Helgadottir EA, Kristjansdottir K, Ingthorsson O, Gudmundsson V, Geirsson RT, Arnadottir R, Gudbjartsson DF, Masson G, Asselbergs FW, Jonasson JG, Olafsson K, Thorsteinsdottir U, Halldorsson BV, Thorleifsson G, Stefansson K. Variants associating with uterine leiomyoma highlight genetic background shared by various cancers and hormone-related traits. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3636. [PMID: 30194396 PMCID: PMC6128903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are common benign tumors of the myometrium. We performed a meta-analysis of two genome-wide association studies of leiomyoma in European women (16,595 cases and 523,330 controls), uncovering 21 variants at 16 loci that associate with the disease. Five variants were previously reported to confer risk of various malignant or benign tumors (rs78378222 in TP53, rs10069690 in TERT, rs1800057 and rs1801516 in ATM, and rs7907606 at OBFC1) and four signals are located at established risk loci for hormone-related traits (endometriosis and breast cancer) at 1q36.12 (CDC42/WNT4), 2p25.1 (GREB1), 20p12.3 (MCM8), and 6q26.2 (SYNE1/ESR1). Polygenic score for leiomyoma, computed using UKB data, is significantly correlated with risk of cancer in the Icelandic population. Functional annotation suggests that the non-coding risk variants affect multiple genes, including ESR1. Our results provide insights into the genetic background of leiomyoma that are shared by other benign and malignant tumors and highlight the role of hormones in leiomyoma growth. Uterine leiomyomas are common benign tumors. Here, a meta-analysis of two European leiomyoma GWAS uncovers 21 leiomyoma risk variants at 16 loci, providing evidence of genetic overlap between leiomyoma and various benign and malignant tumors and highlighting the role of estrogen in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorunn Rafnar
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Andres Ingason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Vinicius Tragante
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simon N Stacey
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Florian Zink
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Salvarsdottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Asgeir Thoroddsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elisabet A Helgadottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Katrin Kristjansdottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Orri Ingthorsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akureyri Hospital, 600, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Valur Gudmundsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akureyri Hospital, 600, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Reynir T Geirsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ragnheidur Arnadottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501 DG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.,Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Jon G Jonasson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Karl Olafsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Rafnar T, Sigurjonsdottir GR, Stacey SN, Halldorsson G, Sulem P, Pardo LM, Helgason H, Sigurdsson ST, Gudjonsson T, Tryggvadottir L, Olafsdottir GH, Jonasson JG, Alexiusdottir K, Sigurdsson A, Gudmundsson J, Saemundsdottir J, Sigurdsson JK, Johannsdottir H, Uitterlinden A, Vermeulen SH, Galesloot TE, Allain DC, Lacko M, Sigurgeirsson B, Thorisdottir K, Johannsson OT, Sigurdsson F, Ragnarsson GB, Isaksson H, Hardardottir H, Gudbjartsson T, Gudbjartsson DF, Masson G, Kiemeney LAML, Ewart Toland A, Nijsten T, Peters WHM, Olafsson JH, Jonsson S, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thorleifsson G, Stefansson K. Association of BRCA2 K3326* With Small Cell Lung Cancer and Squamous Cell Cancer of the Skin. J Natl Cancer Inst 2018; 110:967-974. [PMID: 29767749 PMCID: PMC6136924 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most pathogenic mutations in the BRCA2 gene carry a high risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). However, a stop-gain mutation, K3326* (rs11571833), confers risk of lung cancer and cancers of the upper-aero-digestive tract but only a modest risk of breast or ovarian cancer. The Icelandic population provides an opportunity for comprehensive characterization of the cancer risk profiles of K3326* and HBOC mutations because a single mutation, BRCA2 999del5, is responsible for almost all BRCA2-related HBOC in the population. Methods Genotype information on 43 641 cancer patients and 370 971 control subjects from Iceland, the Netherlands, and the United States was used to assess the cancer risk profiles of K3326* and BRCA2 999del5. BRCA2 expression was assessed using RNAseq data from blood (n = 2233), as well as 52 tissues reported in the GTEx database. Results The cancer risks associated with K3326* are fundamentally different from those associated with 999del5. We report for the first time an association between K3326* and small cell lung cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35 to 3.16) and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.26 to 2.26). Individuals homozygous for K3326* reach old age and have children. Unlike BRCA2 999del5, the K3326* allele does not affect the level of BRCA2 transcripts, and the allele is expressed to the same extent as the wild-type allele. Conclusions K3326* associates primarily with cancers that have strong environmental genotoxic risk factors. Expression of the K3326* allele suggests that a variant protein may be made that retains the DNA repair capabilities important to hormone-responsive tissues but may be less efficient in responding to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luba M Pardo
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Jon G Jonasson
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristin Alexiusdottir
- Department of Oncology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sita H Vermeulen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dawn C Allain
- Department of Internal Medicine
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Martin Lacko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bardur Sigurgeirsson
- Department of Dermatology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristin Thorisdottir
- Department of Dermatology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Oskar T Johannsson
- Department of Oncology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Helgi Isaksson
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hronn Hardardottir
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomas Gudbjartsson
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Lambertus A M L Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology
- Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine
- Division of Human Genetics, and The Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert H M Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jon H Olafsson
- Department of Dermatology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Steinn Jonsson
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Bjornsson E, Helgason H, Halldorsson G, Helgadottir A, Gylfason A, Kehr B, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Sigurdsson A, Oddsson A, Thorleifsson G, Magnusson OT, Gretarsdottir S, Zink F, Kristjansson RP, Asgeirsdottir M, Swinkels DW, Kiemeney LA, Eyjolfsson GI, Sigurdardottir O, Masson G, Olafsson I, Thorgeirsson G, Holm H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Stefansson K. A rare splice donor mutation in the haptoglobin gene associates with blood lipid levels and coronary artery disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2364-2376. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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