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Bayerl F, Bejarano DA, Bertacchi G, Doffin AC, Gobbini E, Hubert M, Li L, Meiser P, Pedde AM, Posch W, Rupp L, Schlitzer A, Schmitz M, Schraml BU, Uderhardt S, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Wilflingseder D, Zaderer V, Böttcher JP. Guidelines for visualization and analysis of DC in tissues using multiparameter fluorescence microscopy imaging methods. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249923. [PMID: 36623939 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state-of-the-art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy, and functional characterization of mouse and human dendritic cells (DC) from lymphoid organs and various non-lymphoid tissues. Here, we provide detailed procedures for a variety of multiparameter fluorescence microscopy imaging methods to explore the spatial organization of DC in tissues and to dissect how DC migrate, communicate, and mediate their multiple functional roles in immunity in a variety of tissue settings. The protocols presented here entail approaches to study DC dynamics and T cell cross-talk by intravital microscopy, large-scale visualization, identification, and quantitative analysis of DC subsets and their functions by multiparameter fluorescence microscopy of fixed tissue sections, and an approach to study DC interactions with tissue cells in a 3D cell culture model. While all protocols were written by experienced scientists who routinely use them in their work, this article was also peer-reviewed by leading experts and approved by all co-authors, making it an essential resource for basic and clinical DC immunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bayerl
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, Germany
| | - David A Bejarano
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Giulia Bertacchi
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anne-Claire Doffin
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Elisa Gobbini
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Hubert
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Lijian Li
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Exploratory Research Unit, Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen (OICE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philippa Meiser
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Marie Pedde
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luise Rupp
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara U Schraml
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Exploratory Research Unit, Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen (OICE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Viktoria Zaderer
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan P Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, Germany
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Schöbel H, Diem G, Kiechl J, Chistè D, Bertacchi G, Mayr A, Wilflingseder D, Lass-Flörl C, Posch W. Antimicrobial efficacy and inactivation kinetics of a novel LED based UV-irradiation technology. J Hosp Infect 2023; 135:11-17. [PMID: 36754288 PMCID: PMC10041887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are energy efficient and of special interest for the inactivation of microorganisms. In context of the current pandemic, novel UV technologies can offer a powerful alternative of effective infection prevention and control (IPC). METHODS We here assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of UV-C LEDs on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Listeria innocua as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and murine norovirus (MNV) dried on inanimate surfaces based on the European standard EN 17272. RESULTS We found an inactivation rate of 90% for the tested bacteria at a mean UV-C dose, averaged over all three investigated UV-C wavelengths, of 1.7 mJ cm-2 for E. coli, 1.9 mJ cm-2 for P. fluorescens and 1.5 mJ cm-2 for L. innocua. For the tested viruses, a 90% inactivation rate at UV doses less than 15 mJ cm-2 for applied UV wavelengths at 255 nm and 265 nm were found. Exposure of viruses to longer UV wavelengths such as 275 nm and 285 nm, required much higher doses up to 120 mJ cm-2 for inactivation. Regarding inactivation, non-enveloped MNV required much higher UV doses for all tested wavelengths compared to SARS-CoV-2 or HIV-1. CONCLUSION Overall, our data recommend the use of LEDs emitting at shorter wavelengths of the UV-C spectrum to inactivate bacteria as well as enveloped and non-enveloped viruses by exposure to the appropriate UV-dose. However, low availability and excessive production costs of shortwave UV-C LEDs restricts the implementation currently and supports the use of longwave UV-C LEDs in combination with higher irradiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schöbel
- Department Biotechnology and Food Engineering, MCI - the Entrepreneurial School, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Diem
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Kiechl
- Department Biotechnology and Food Engineering, MCI - the Entrepreneurial School, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Chistè
- Department Biotechnology and Food Engineering, MCI - the Entrepreneurial School, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giulia Bertacchi
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Astrid Mayr
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Bertacchi G, Posch W, Wilflingseder D. HIV-1 Trans Infection via TNTs Is Impeded by Targeting C5aR. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020313. [PMID: 35204813 PMCID: PMC8868603 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonadjacent immune cells communicate through a complex network of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). TNTs can be hijacked by HIV-1, allowing it to spread between connected cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are among the first cells to encounter HIV-1 at mucosal sites, but they are usually efficiently infected only at low levels. However, HIV-1 was demonstrated to productively infect DCs when the virus was complement-opsonized (HIV-C). Such HIV-C-exposed DCs mediated an improved antiviral and T-cell stimulatory capacity. The role of TNTs in combination with complement in enhancing DC infection with HIV-C remains to be addressed. To this aim, we evaluated TNT formation on the surface of DCs or DC/CD4+ T-cell co-cultures incubated with non- or complement-opsonized HIV-1 (HIV, HIV-C) and the role of TNTs or locally produced complement in the infection process using either two different TNT or anaphylatoxin receptor antagonists. We found that HIV-C significantly increased the formation of TNTs between DCs or DC/CD4+ T-cell co-cultures compared to HIV-exposed DCs or co-cultures. While augmented TNT formation in DCs promoted productive infection, as was previously observed, a significant reduction in productive infection was observed in DC/CD4+ T-cell co-cultures, indicating antiviral activity in this setting. As expected, TNT inhibitors significantly decreased infection of HIV-C-loaded-DCs as well as HIV- and HIV-C-infected-DC/CD4+ T-cell co-cultures. Moreover, antagonizing C5aR significantly inhibited TNT formation in DCs as well as DC/CD4+ T-cell co-cultures and lowered the already decreased productive infection in co-cultures. Thus, local complement mobilization via DC stimulation of complement receptors plays a pivotal role in TNT formation, and our findings herein might offer an exciting opportunity for novel therapeutic approaches to inhibit trans infection via C5aR targeting.
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Bernhardt EC, Bertacchi G, Moroni A. Advances in Rheological Analysis of Injection Molding. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.890151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Finite element methods offer the potential to greatly refine mold filling analysis. As a consequence, there is strong pressure to apply this technology on a routine basis in industry. Unfortunately, traditional finite element techniques are not adequate to design a viable model of the flow of molten plastic into a mold. This paper explains the mathematical problems that must be solved. It describes why the widely used classical matrix techniques give erratic results, and demonstrates that it is mandatory to apply a total dynamic analysis to obtain a reliable mold filling simulation. A new technique is introduced to solve the problems caused by non-linear material properties and moving boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Bertacchi
- Plastics & Computer Inc., Montclair, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - A. Moroni
- Plastics & Computer Inc., Montclair, New Jersey, U.S.A
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Porta M, Gamba M, Bertacchi G, Vaj P. Treatment of sialorrhoea with ultrasound guided botulinum toxin type A injection in patients with neurological disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 70:538-40. [PMID: 11254784 PMCID: PMC1737323 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.70.4.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound guided botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections into salivary glands for the treatment of sialorrhoea in patients with neurological disorders. METHODS The parotid and submandibular glands of 10 patients were injected with BTX-A using ultrasound guidance. Before injection, the baseline rate of salivation was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Postinjection, assessments were repeated at regular intervals for up to 1 year. RESULTS Of the 10 patients treated, nine (90%) reported a subjective reduction in salivation post-treatment and one patient (10%) found no improvement. Visual analogue scale scores showed a reduction of 55% in the mean rate of salivation for all patients and a reduction of 60.8% for the group of responders. No serious adverse events occurred and no procedure related complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report (1) the injection of BTX-A (BOTOX) into both parotid and submandibular glands, and (2) the use of ultrasound guidance during the administration of BTX-A into salivary glands. The results suggest that the technique is safe and that BTX-A injections are effective for the treatment of sialorrhoea in patients with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Porta
- Department of Neurology, Pain Centre, Policlinico San Marco, Corso Europa 7 24040 Zingonia-Bergamo, Italy
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