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Quaglieri A, Pizzo A, Cricenti C, Tagliaferri G, Frisari FV, Burrai J, Mari E, Lausi G, Giannini AM, Zivi P. Gambling and virtual reality: unraveling the illusion of near-misses effect. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1322631. [PMID: 38362030 PMCID: PMC10867214 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1322631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studying gambling behavior is a crucial element in reducing the impact of problem gambling. Nevertheless, most current research is carried out in controlled laboratory settings rather than real-life situations, which raises concerns about how applicable the findings are in the broader context. Virtual reality (VR) has proven to be a valuable tool and has been utilized in various experimental scenarios. A limited number of studies have employed VR to investigate gambling behaviors, and few have explored them in an older adolescent context. Methods This study examined the behavioral and physiological effects of gambling behavior, including problem gambling, gaming addiction, and risk-taking decision-making in a sample of 36 high-school students aged between 18 to 20 years using an ad-hoc constructed VR scenario designed to simulate a slot-machine platform. Results The behavioral results highlighted that participants reporting more problem gambling were sensitive to near-misses: i.e., they bet more after near-misses than after losses. This result may reflect the false belief that gamblers, after near-misses, are closer to winning. Physiological data showed that participants exhibited heart rate deceleration during the anticipation of the outcome, which has been suggested to represent a marker of feedback anticipation processing and hyposensitivity to losses. Discussion Overall, this study provides evidence for a new VR tool to assess gambling behaviors and new insights into gambling-related behavioral and physiological factors. Implications for the treatment of problem gambling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Pizzo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Valeria Frisari
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Burrai
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Zivi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Barchielli B, Lausi G, Pizzo A, Messineo M, Del Casale A, Giannini AM, Ferracuti S. A Medical-Legal and Psychological Systematic Review on Vitriolage Related to Gender-Based Violence. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:2953-2965. [PMID: 36062902 PMCID: PMC10594836 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221121288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Attacks perpetrated using acid are a particular form of interpersonal violence, possibly one of the most heinous manifestations of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Acid attacks are mainly motivated by extramarital cheating, marital conflicts, women's rejection of marriage proposals, and sexual advances. As these attacks are not well understood from a psychological perspective, we conducted a systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, of 284 articles identified, 13 were eligible for inclusion. Three main focuses were identified: "Risk and vulnerability factors," "Consequences and implications," and "Interventions and treatments." Acid attacks seem to be more frequent in countries where social and economic development leads to greater tensions over traditional gender roles like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India. Identified risk factors were young age, low socioeconomic status, low educational attainment, ethnicity, unemployment status of the victim, alcohol, and drug use of the perpetrator. Among the main psychosocial consequences of acid attacks, isolation and social exclusion emerged. Additionally, the paper will discuss the role of mental health consequences and specific treatments from psychological, clinical, and medical-legal points of view.
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Piccardi L, Burrai J, Palmiero M, Quaglieri A, Lausi G, Cordellieri P, Fraschetti A, Giannini AM, Mari E. A cross-sectional study of gender role adherence, moral disengagement mechanisms and online vulnerability in adolescents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18910. [PMID: 37593623 PMCID: PMC10428035 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide availability of electronic devices accessible to teenagers has enabled them to use the internet to communicate, share, and obtain information. However, the use of the internet and social media has also increased the risk of vulnerability, exposing people, particularly adolescents, to several risks. We collected data from a sample of 366 adolescents (186 females and 180 males) aged 14-20 years (mean age = 17 ± 1.33 years) to investigate the mediating role of moral disengagement (MD) mechanisms in the relationship between gender and online vulnerability. Data were collected in both the inner-city and suburban high schools of Rome (Italy) using the Qualtrics Platform Online. The participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Online Vulnerability Scale, and the Civic Moral Disengagement Scale. All participants declared that they accessed and used the internet frequently. Using SPSS, the data were checked for outliers, common method bias, and normal distribution; then, correlation and mediation analyses were performed. Based on the correlation results, a mediation analysis was performed using only the displacement of responsibility as a mediator of the gender-online vulnerability link. Age was entered in the mediation model as a covariate. The results showed that girls were more vulnerable online than boys, who in turn used more moral disengagement mechanisms. In addition, moral displacement showed a positive indirect effect on the relationship between gender and online vulnerability. This means that when including the moral displacement in the mediation model boys appeared more exposed to online vulnerability as they probably adopted more immoral behaviors. These results could help to develop interventions to sensitize adolescents on both taking responsibilities for their actions on the Internet. Limitations and future research directions are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piccardi
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185, Rome, RM, Italy
- San Raffaele Cassino Hospital, 03043, Cassino, Italy
| | - Jessica Burrai
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185, Rome, RM, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185, Rome, RM, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Fraschetti
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185, Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185, Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185, Rome, RM, Italy
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Lausi G, Burrai J, Baldi M, Ferlazzo F, Ferracuti S, Giannini AM, Barchielli B. Decision-Making and Abuse, What Relationship in Victims of Violence? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20105879. [PMID: 37239605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gender-Based violence is a worldwide persisting phenomenon: during their lifetime, 30% of women have experienced sexual and/or physical violence. The literature has investigated for several years the association between abuse and possible psychiatric and psychological consequences which may occur even after many years. The most common consequences involve mood and stress disorders (e.g., depression and PTSD). These disorders seem to have secondary long-term effects, such as decision-making and cognitive function impairments. Therefore, the present literature synthesis aimed to investigate whether and how the decision-making capacities of individuals experiencing violence can change because of abuse. We conducted a thematic synthesis using PRISMA guidelines: through a double-blind procedure, 4599 studies were screened; a total of 46 studies were selected for full-text reading, which was reduced to 13 by excluding papers with a wrong focus. To better understand the results of the thematic synthesis, two main focuses have been identified: "leave or stay decision making" and "multifactorial dimensions of decision making". Results showed that decision-making is an important process in avoiding secondary victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Burrai
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Baldi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferlazzo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Barchielli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Cricenti C, Pizzo A, Quaglieri A, Mari E, Cordellieri P, Bonucchi C, Torretta P, Giannini AM, Lausi G. Did They Deserve It? Adolescents' Perception of Online Harassment in a Real-Case Scenario. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192417040. [PMID: 36554921 PMCID: PMC9778851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Online harassment, particularly cyberbullying and the non-consensual sharing of intimate images, is a widespread phenomenon among adolescents and young adults. Descriptive research was carried out to investigate any differences among Italian school classes in the perception of cybercrime through a real-case scenario. Following the Italian school system, the final sample of 1777 adolescents (Mage = 15.37, SD = 1.65; Male = 52%) was divided into three groups based on the school class attended: middle school (N = 562; Mage = 13.37, SD = 0.48); high school biennium (N = 728; Mage = 15.55, SD = 0.50), and triennium (N = 487, Mage = 17.40, SD = 0.71). Participants completed a self-report questionnaire investigating the use of the Internet and the perception of a real case scenario involving the non-consensual sharing of intimate images and cyberbullying received by the National Centre for Combating Child Pornography Online (NCPO). Results showed differences among the three groups' perceptions of the event's features, motivations underlying the offense, victim-blaming and harassment justification (e.g., cyberbullying, in particular non-consensual sharing of intimate images, is recognized as a crime as age increases). The findings provide significant insights for future research and age-specific factors to consider when developing prevention programs for online risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Cricenti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pizzo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Bonucchi
- State Police Postal and Communication Department, Ministry of the Interior, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Torretta
- State Police Postal and Communication Department, Ministry of the Interior, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Celia G, Lausi G, Girelli L, Cavicchiolo E, Limone P, Giannini AM, Cozzolino M. COVID-19 related conspiracy beliefs and their relationship with defense strategies, emotions, powerlessness, attitudes, and time perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:939615. [PMID: 36304882 PMCID: PMC9592837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.939615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted individual's life and society, and such an emergency has increased the likelihood of recurring conspiratorial thinking. There is much research on broader conspiratorial thinking and studies on COVID-19-related conspiratorial thinking has been growing worldwide, moreover, the negative consequences of COVID-19 specific conspiratorial beliefs for people's health are clear. However, person-centered research aiming at identify groups of individuals who share patterns of relations between COVID-19 specific conspiratorial beliefs and other psychological features is still scarce. A sample of 1.002 people (18-40 years old, M = 23; SD = 5.19) responded to a questionnaire administered online. The aim was to identify groups of individuals based on their beliefs about COVID-19 conspiracy theories and to compare the groups identified in terms of psychological characteristics associated such as automatic defense mechanisms, coping strategies, powerlessness, emotions, emotional regulation, attitudes toward the COVID-19, social distancing discontent, perceptions of COVID-19 severity and temporal perspective. A k-mean cluster analysis identified the groups of Believers (22.26%), Ambivalent believers (34.3%), and Non-believers (43.21%). The three groups differ particularly in terms of defense mechanisms, and time perspective. Results suggested the need to tailor interventions for individuals believing in COVID-19 conspiratorial theories based on differences in the psychological characteristics among the three groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Celia
- Department of Humanities, Literature, Cultural Heritage, Education Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Limone
- Department of Humanities, Literature, Cultural Heritage, Education Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Lausi G, Barchielli B, Burrai J, Giannini AM, Cricenti C. Italian Validation of the Scale of Psychological Abuse in Intimate Partner Violence (EAPA-P). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182312717. [PMID: 34886443 PMCID: PMC8657216 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychological and emotional forms of violence often represent a danger alarm and an important risk factor for other forms of intimate partner violence (IPV). Measuring psychological violence raises several issues of conceptualization and definition, which lead to the development of several assessment instruments; among them, the Scale of Psychological Abuse in Intimate Partner Violence (EAPA-P) showed good psychometric proprieties in a Spanish population and is used to identify which strategies are acted out to engage in psychological violence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of EAPA-P among a group of Italian-speaking women (N = 343), thus evaluating its psychometric characteristics. Based on the English translation of the original Spanish version, an 11-item form of the EAPA-P was obtained, validity has been assessed through measures of emotion dysregulation, interpersonal guilt, conflict among partners and depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology. Moreover, differences among groups were conducted to identify the capacity of the Italian version of EAPA-P to discriminate among women reporting experiencing psychological violence (N = 179), and who don't (N = 150). Results showed an excellent internal validity, good correlations, and a good discriminatory ability of the scale. Strengths, limitations, and practical implications of the study have been discussed according to recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 00185 Rome, Italy; (J.B.); (A.M.G.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49917534
| | - Benedetta Barchielli
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jessica Burrai
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 00185 Rome, Italy; (J.B.); (A.M.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 00185 Rome, Italy; (J.B.); (A.M.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Clarissa Cricenti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 00185 Rome, Italy; (J.B.); (A.M.G.); (C.C.)
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Fraschetti A, Cordellieri P, Lausi G, Mari E, Paoli E, Burrai J, Quaglieri A, Baldi M, Pizzo A, Giannini AM. Mobile Phone Use "on the Road": A Self-Report Study on Young Drivers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:620653. [PMID: 34484021 PMCID: PMC8415408 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.620653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research showed that multitasking negatively affects driving performance. Multitasking activities can range from talking and texting to listening to music; particularly among young drivers, multitasking behavior is caused mainly from mobile phone use while driving which is one of the main causes of road accidents. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether some variables (e.g., Sensation-Seeking, preferences of Multitasking) could affect mobile phone use while driving in young drivers and whether any gender differences were present among the examined variables. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The sample consists of 424 Italian students (56% males) with an age range of 18-21 years. A self-report questionnaire was specifically developed to assess variables such as: Attitude toward Multitasking, Perceived Self-efficacy in Multitasking, Accident Risk Perception, General Multitasking Habits, and Sensation Seeking. RESULTS Through SEM modeling, we found the attitude to multitasking while driving to be largely explained by the considered variables. Using multigroup analysis (MGSEM), the model we developed appears to be suitable for explaining the behaviors of both male and female young drivers. Furthermore, data comparison showed that females were more likely to risk perception toward multitasking, and risk perception when using a mobile phone while driving, while males obtained higher mean scores in Sensation Seeking, Perceived Self-Efficacy in Multitasking, and in Multitasking caused by mobile phone use while driving. CONCLUSION Our research showed how some variables may influence the inclination of some subjects to engage in multitasking while driving. Furthermore, we discussed the importance of considering these variables in the implementation of effective road safety education projects on driving multitasking.
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Quaglieri A, Lausi G, Fraschetti A, Burrai J, Barchielli B, Pizzo A, Cordellieri P, De Gennaro L, Gorgoni M, Ferlazzo F, Sdoia S, Zivi P, Giannini AM, Mari E. "Stay at Home" in Italy during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Longitudinal Study on Individual Well-Being among Different Age Groups. Brain Sci 2021; 11:993. [PMID: 34439611 PMCID: PMC8394798 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The restrictions imposed by the Italian government because of the coronavirus outbreak have been shown to be demanding on the Italian population. Data were collected at four different time points from 29 March 2020 to 3 May 2020 and during the final follow-up survey on 12 October 2020. In the present study, we provided longitudinal evidence on the relationship between the lockdown and mental health dimensions, such as emotional state, perceived stress, and time perspective, for three age groups. The results allowed us to observe their psychological status from different perspectives at five different time points. Notably, a negative effect of the lockdown individual well-beings emerged as a trend, and differences in individual adaptation strategies to a prolonged stressful situation were observed at the follow-up. Indeed, pairwise comparisons between age groups showed that the young adult group (18-23 years old) seemed to be the most psychologically affected by the lockdown. The findings are discussed according to the most recent literature on the topic. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first longitudinal studies carried out in Italy concerning the general psychological effects of the coronavirus lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Quaglieri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Angelo Fraschetti
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Jessica Burrai
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Barchielli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Pizzo
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Pierluigi Cordellieri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Fabio Ferlazzo
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Stefano Sdoia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Pierpaolo Zivi
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.F.); (J.B.); (A.P.); (P.C.); (L.D.G.); (M.G.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (A.M.G.); (E.M.)
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Lausi G, Pizzo A, Cricenti C, Baldi M, Desiderio R, Giannini AM, Mari E. Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Phenomenon from Victims' and Help Professionals' Perspectives. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6204. [PMID: 34201161 PMCID: PMC8227680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is considered one of the main risk factors leading to intimate partner violence episodes; this evidence also emerged during the application of stay-at-home policies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, we aimed to collect data on intimate partner violence over the last year, comparing data reported by victims with data collected by help professionals. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, through keywords related to abuse, pandemic and containment measures, 3174 articles were identified for screening. After full-text reading and risk of bias analysis, 19 studies were included, and a thematic synthesis was conducted according to two categories: "studies with victims" and "studies with help professionals". The results of the present review showed that there were significant differences between the data provided by victims and the data collected by health care facilities and police departments; additionally, differences among different forms and severity of victimization emerged. The results have been discussed according to the literature; in particular, we reflected on how containment measures have apparently made it more difficult for victims to report, thus making the existence of the dark figure of crime even more salient.
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Mari E, Fraschetti A, Lausi G, Pizzo A, Baldi M, Paoli E, Giannini AM, Avallone F. Forced Cohabitation during Coronavirus Lockdown in Italy: A Study on Coping, Stress and Emotions among Different Family Patterns. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123906. [PMID: 33272002 PMCID: PMC7761111 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: At the beginning of 2020, a pandemic caused by a new strain of coronavirus occurred. On March 9th, the Italian population was forced to lockdown to prevent the spread of this new virus. This event forced families and cohabitants to spend their entire days and weeks in the same physical space, interacting with partners and children with a very different degree of intimacy than in the earlier situation. The present study investigated the effects of being forced to live together on different family patterns, on various dimensions such as stress, coping strategies, time perception and quality evaluation of cohabitation. Method: A total sample consisting of 1750 individuals was recruited through a random sample of probability across the Italian country. Due to the lockdown condition, an online questionnaire was set up; several validated scales were chosen, and some open-ended items were included for the thoughts of the participants. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between the three family patterns examined. Conclusion: During the forced period of living together, a positive effect could be inferred as given by the presence of children and the collaborative coping strategies that have been adopted; the results have been discussed according to the literature on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Fraschetti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pizzo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Baldi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Paoli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Avallone
- Department of Legal and Economic Sciences, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
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