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Oliva F, di Girolamo G, Salerno L, Pallanti S, Wilson L, Philipsen A. Editorial: Adult ADHD and other psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1058117. [PMID: 36386996 PMCID: PMC9664160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1058117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Laura Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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di Girolamo G, Bracco IF, Portigliatti Pomeri A, Puglisi S, Oliva F. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in a Sample of Adult ADHD Outpatients. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:891479. [PMID: 35800021 PMCID: PMC9253578 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.891479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was found in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Insulin Resistance (IR) seems to mediate MS role in developing cardiometabolic consequences. AIMS To investigate the prevalence of MS, and the role of MS components and IR surrogate indexes in determining MS in adult ADHD outpatients. METHODS In the present cross-sectional study, MS, defined according to the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III), and IR surrogate indexes were assessed on a consecutive sample of adult ADHD outpatients. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of each ATP III component and IR surrogate index in determining MS. RESULTS Seventeen out of 158 patients (10.8%, 95%CI = 0.064/0.167) fulfilled the ATP-III criteria for MS. A comprehensive comparison with prevalence in the reference population was hindered by the lack of patients over 60 in the study sample, however under this age no significant differences were found. Among MS components, blood triglycerides level (OR = 1.02, 95%CI=1.01/1.03, p = 0.001) was the main predictor for MS, followed by diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.08, 95%CI=1.01/1.16, p = 0.024) and waist circumference (OR = 1.06, 95%CI=1.01/1.13, p = 0.029). Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP, OR = 1.0006, 95%CI=1.0003/1.0009, p < 0.001) outperformed Triglyceride-Waist Circumference (TG-WC, OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.01/1.04, p < 0.001) in predicting MS. CONCLUSIONS More attention should be paid not only to MS but also to each ATP III component of MS and LAP in ADHD patients both at first assessment and during follow-up process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia di Girolamo
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Soraya Puglisi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Oliva F, Malandrone F, di Girolamo G, Mirabella S, Colombi N, Carletto S, Ostacoli L. The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beyond core symptoms: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:475-486. [PMID: 34146899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have been increasingly proposed as treatment in patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), showing promising results on different proposed outcomes, in both children and adults. OBJECTIVES To systematically review and meta-analyse studies concerning the effects of MBIs on either ADHD and associated features, associated clinical conditions, neurocognitive impairments, mindfulness skills, global functioning and quality of life. METHODS Searches were conducted on five databases, including controlled and observational studies on both adults and children populations. The review process was compliant to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Meta-analyses and meta-regression models were conducted. RESULTS Thirty-one full-texts were included. In both adults and children, MBIs showed to be more effective than waiting lists in improving ADHD symptoms and some other outcomes. In adults, a medium pooled effect size was shown by meta-analysis for ADHD symptoms but in some cases a publication bias was detected. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression confirmed the gap detected by our systematic review between the medium/large effect size of inactive-controlled studies and the low/negligible one of active-controlled studies. In children, no active-controlled studies have been conducted. Mindfulness Awareness Practice (MAP) and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) were the most used protocols in adult studies, whereas a combination of MBCT and Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) was more preferred for children and adolescent patients. CONCLUSIONS Even if further studies with a better methodology are needed, we can suggest the MBIs may be useful as complementation and not as replacement of other active interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Giulia di Girolamo
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Italy
| | - Santina Mirabella
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombi
- Biblioteca Federata di Medicina "Ferdinando Rossi", University of Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Ostacoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
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Oliva F, Malandrone F, Mirabella S, Ferreri P, di Girolamo G, Maina G. Diagnostic delay in ADHD: Duration of untreated illness and its socio-demographic and clinical predictors in a sample of adult outpatients. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:957-965. [PMID: 32945134 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the Duration of Untreated Illness (DUI) and its socio-demographic and clinical predictors in a sample of adult ADHD outpatients. METHODS The DUI of 150 adult outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of DSM-IV ADHD was calculated. Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate differences in DUI among subgroups and to build a correlation matrix. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model was performed. RESULTS The median DUI was 17 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 14). DUI was longer in employed patients, those with a family history of ADHD, those with a history of major depressive disorder and those who had predominantly inattentive ADHD in childhood. The current age, age at administration of the first proper treatment and education level were correlated with DUI. Current age (63.3% of total variance), family history of ADHD and the presence of a predominantly inattentive type in childhood (together, 2.6% of total variance) were all predictors of DUI. CONCLUSIONS Information programmes for caregivers and training for health care professionals should be promoted to foster the early recognition of covert inattentive symptoms and shorten DUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Malandrone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Santina Mirabella
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferreri
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia di Girolamo
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Oliva F, di Girolamo G, Malandrone F, Iaia N, Biasi F, Maina G. Early childhood infections, antistreptococcal and basal ganglia antibodies in adult ADHD: a preliminary study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:542. [PMID: 33208138 PMCID: PMC7672808 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the relationship between adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), antistreptococcal titers, ABGA, and recurrent infections during early childhood. METHOD Childhood history of recurrent infections and a blood sample were collected in a sample of DSM-IV adult outpatients with ADHD. The anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) titers were determined in patient plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Titers positivity was evaluated following manufacturer's specifications. Absolute titers were also collected as continuous variables. RESULTS Fourteen out of 22 (63.6%) have had recurrent infections in childhood (i.e., seven, 31.8%, have had tonsillitis or adenoiditis and seven, 31.8%, have had any other infections). Eighteen patients (81.9%) were positive for anti-DNase B, five (22.7%) for ASO, and 4 (18.2%) were positive for both of them. Five participants (22.7%) were ABGA positive, whereas only two (9.1%) were positive for all three antibodies. CONCLUSIONS patients with ADHD might be more prone to infections during childhood and subclinical streptococcal infections during adulthood. Moreover, they seem to have an increased risk for basal ganglia autoimmunity in adulthood. Both infections and the ensuing acquired autoimmunity could influence the neurodevelopmental process, by contributing, at least in part, to the ADHD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy.
| | - Giulia di Girolamo
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Malandrone
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Noemi Iaia
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Fiorella Biasi
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Fabbri C, Crisafulli C, Gurwitz D, Stingl J, Calati R, Albani D, Forloni G, Calabrò M, Martines R, Kasper S, Zohar J, Juven-Wetzler A, Souery D, Montgomery S, Mendlewicz J, Girolamo GD, Serretti A. Neuronal cell adhesion genes and antidepressant response in three independent samples. Pharmacogenomics J 2015; 15:538-48. [PMID: 25850031 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug-effect phenotypes in human lymphoblastoid cell lines recently allowed to identify CHL1 (cell adhesion molecule with homology to L1CAM), GAP43 (growth-associated protein 43) and ITGB3 (integrin beta 3) as new candidates for involvement in the antidepressant effect. CHL1 and ITGB3 code for adhesion molecules, while GAP43 codes for a neuron-specific cytosolic protein expressed in neuronal growth cones; all the three gene products are involved in synaptic plasticity. Sixteen polymorphisms in these genes were genotyped in two samples (n=369 and 90) with diagnosis of major depressive episode who were treated with antidepressants in a naturalistic setting. Phenotypes were response, remission and treatment-resistant depression. Logistic regression including appropriate covariates was performed. Genes associated with outcomes were investigated in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) genome-wide study (n=1861) as both individual genes and through a pathway analysis (Reactome and String databases). Gene-based analysis suggested CHL1 rs4003413, GAP43 rs283393 and rs9860828, ITGB3 rs3809865 as the top candidates due to their replication across the largest original sample and the STAR*D cohort. GAP43 molecular pathway was associated with both response and remission in the STAR*D, with ELAVL4 representing the gene with the highest percentage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with outcomes. Other promising genes emerging from the pathway analysis were ITGB1 and NRP1. The present study was the first to analyze cell adhesion genes and their molecular pathways in antidepressant response. Genes and biomarkers involved in neuronal adhesion should be considered by further studies aimed to identify predictors of antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - D Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Italy
| | - J Stingl
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, University Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Calati
- Faculty Centre for Translational Medicine, University Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Albani
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - G Forloni
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - M Calabrò
- Department of Biomedical Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R Martines
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - S Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Zohar
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Juven-Wetzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Souery
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Medicale, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel, Centre Européen de Psychologie Medicale, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - J Mendlewicz
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G D Girolamo
- Faculty Centre for Translational Medicine, University Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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