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Kytö M, Hotta S, Niinistö S, Marttinen P, Korhonen TE, Markussen LT, Jacucci G, Sievänen H, Vähä-Ypyä H, Korhonen I, Virtanen S, Heihonen S, Koivusalo SB. Periodic mobile application (eMOM) with self-tracking of glucose and lifestyle improves treatment of diet-controlled gestational diabetes without human guidance: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024:S0002-9378(24)00416-2. [PMID: 38432415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digitalization with minimal human resources could support self-management among women with gestational diabetes and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate if a periodic mobile application (eMOM) with wearable sensors improves maternal and neonatal outcomes among women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes without additional guidance from healthcare personnel. STUDY DESIGN Women with gestational diabetes were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation to the intervention or the control arm. The intervention arm received standard care in combination with use of the periodic eMOM, whereas the control arm received only standard care. The intervention arm used eMOM with a continuous glucose monitor, an activity tracker, and a food diary 1 week/month until delivery. The primary outcome was the change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline to 35 to 37 weeks' gestation. Secondary outcomes included capillary glucose, weight gain, nutrition, physical activity, pregnancy complications, and neonatal outcomes, such as macrosomia. RESULTS In total, 148 women (76 in the intervention arm, 72 in the control arm; average age, 34.1±4.0 years; body mass index, 27.1±5.0 kg/m2) were randomized. The intervention arm showed a lower mean change in fasting plasma glucose than the control arm (difference, -0.15 mmol/L vs -2.7 mg/mL; P=.022) and lower capillary fasting glucose levels (difference, -0.04 mmol/L vs -0.7 mg/mL; P=.002). The intervention arm also increased their intake of vegetables (difference, 11.8 g/MJ; P=.043), decreased their sedentary behavior (difference, -27.3 min/d; P=.043), and increased light physical activity (difference, 22.8 min/d; P=.009) when compared with the control arm. In addition, gestational weight gain was lower (difference, -1.3 kg; P=.015), and there were less newborns with macrosomia in the intervention arm (difference, -13.1 %; P=.036). Adherence to eMOM was high (daily use >90%), and the usage correlated with lower maternal fasting (P=.0006) and postprandial glucose levels (P=.017), weight gain (P=.028), intake of energy (P=.021) and carbohydrates (P=.003), and longer duration of the daily physical activity (P=.0006). There were no significant between-arm differences in terms of pregnancy complications. CONCLUSION Self-tracking of lifestyle factors and glucose levels without additional guidance improves self-management and the treatment of gestational diabetes, which also benefits newborns. The results of this study support the use of digital self-management and education tools in maternity care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Kytö
- IT Management, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Shinji Hotta
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Fujitsu Limited, Japan
| | - Sari Niinistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Marttinen
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuuli E Korhonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisa T Markussen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Korhonen
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Virtanen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Heihonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila B Koivusalo
- Shared Group Services, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Pluchino P, Pernice GFA, Nenna F, Mingardi M, Bettelli A, Bacchin D, Spagnolli A, Jacucci G, Ragazzon A, Miglioranzi L, Pettenon C, Gamberini L. Advanced workstations and collaborative robots: exploiting eye-tracking and cardiac activity indices to unveil senior workers' mental workload in assembly tasks. Front Robot AI 2023; 10:1275572. [PMID: 38149058 PMCID: PMC10749956 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1275572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As a result of Industry 5.0's technological advancements, collaborative robots (cobots) have emerged as pivotal enablers for refining manufacturing processes while re-focusing on humans. However, the successful integration of these cutting-edge tools hinges on a better understanding of human factors when interacting with such new technologies, eventually fostering workers' trust and acceptance and promoting low-fatigue work. This study thus delves into the intricate dynamics of human-cobot interactions by adopting a human-centric view. Methods: With this intent, we targeted senior workers, who often contend with diminishing work capabilities, and we explored the nexus between various human factors and task outcomes during a joint assembly operation with a cobot on an ergonomic workstation. Exploiting a dual-task manipulation to increase the task demand, we measured performance, subjective perceptions, eye-tracking indices and cardiac activity during the task. Firstly, we provided an overview of the senior workers' perceptions regarding their shared work with the cobot, by measuring technology acceptance, perceived wellbeing, work experience, and the estimated social impact of this technology in the industrial sector. Secondly, we asked whether the considered human factors varied significantly under dual-tasking, thus responding to a higher mental load while working alongside the cobot. Finally, we explored the predictive power of the collected measurements over the number of errors committed at the work task and the participants' perceived workload. Results: The present findings demonstrated how senior workers exhibited strong acceptance and positive experiences with our advanced workstation and the cobot, even under higher mental strain. Besides, their task performance suffered increased errors and duration during dual-tasking, while the eye behavior partially reflected the increased mental demand. Some interesting outcomes were also gained about the predictive power of some of the collected indices over the number of errors committed at the assembly task, even though the same did not apply to predicting perceived workload levels. Discussion: Overall, the paper discusses possible applications of these results in the 5.0 manufacturing sector, emphasizing the importance of adopting a holistic human-centered approach to understand the human-cobot complex better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Pluchino
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology (HIT) Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Federica Nenna
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Mingardi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Bettelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Bacchin
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnolli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology (HIT) Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Luciano Gamberini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology (HIT) Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Kytö M, Koivusalo S, Tuomonen H, Strömberg L, Ruonala A, Marttinen P, Heinonen S, Jacucci G. Supporting the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Comprehensive Self-Tracking: Mixed Methods Study of Wearable Sensors. JMIR Diabetes 2023; 8:e43979. [PMID: 37906216 PMCID: PMC10646680 DOI: 10.2196/43979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasing health risk for pregnant women as well as their children. Telehealth interventions targeted at the management of GDM have been shown to be effective, but they still require health care professionals for providing guidance and feedback. Feedback from wearable sensors has been suggested to support the self-management of GDM, but it is unknown how self-tracking should be designed in clinical care. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate how to support the self-management of GDM with self-tracking of continuous blood glucose and lifestyle factors without help from health care personnel. We examined comprehensive self-tracking from self-discovery (ie, learning associations between glucose levels and lifestyle) and user experience perspectives. METHODS We conducted a mixed methods study where women with GDM (N=10) used a continuous glucose monitor (CGM; Medtronic Guardian) and 3 physical activity sensors: activity bracelet (Garmin Vivosmart 3), hip-worn sensor (UKK Exsed), and electrocardiography sensor (Firstbeat 2) for a week. We collected data from the sensors, and after use, participants took part in semistructured interviews about the wearable sensors. Acceptability of the wearable sensors was evaluated with the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) questionnaire. Moreover, maternal nutrition data were collected with a 3-day food diary, and self-reported physical activity data were collected with a logbook. RESULTS We found that the CGM was the most useful sensor for the self-discovery process, especially when learning associations between glucose and nutrition intake. We identified new challenges for using data from the CGM and physical activity sensors in supporting self-discovery in GDM. These challenges included (1) dispersion of glucose and physical activity data in separate applications, (2) absence of important trackable features like amount of light physical activity and physical activities other than walking, (3) discrepancy in the data between different wearable physical activity sensors and between CGMs and capillary glucose meters, and (4) discrepancy in perceived and measured quantification of physical activity. We found the body placement of sensors to be a key factor in measurement quality and preference, and ultimately a challenge for collecting data. For example, a wrist-worn sensor was used for longer compared with a hip-worn sensor. In general, there was a high acceptance for wearable sensors. CONCLUSIONS A mobile app that combines glucose, nutrition, and physical activity data in a single view is needed to support self-discovery. The design should support tracking features that are important for women with GDM (such as light physical activity), and data for each feature should originate from a single sensor to avoid discrepancy and redundancy. Future work with a larger sample should involve evaluation of the effects of such a mobile app on clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03941652; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03941652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Kytö
- Helsinki University Hospital IT Management, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Koivusalo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Tuomonen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisbeth Strömberg
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Ruonala
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Marttinen
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kytö M, Markussen LT, Marttinen P, Jacucci G, Niinistö S, Virtanen SM, Korhonen TE, Sievänen H, Vähä-Ypyä H, Korhonen I, Heinonen S, Koivusalo SB. Comprehensive self-tracking of blood glucose and lifestyle with a mobile application in the management of gestational diabetes: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (eMOM GDM study). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066292. [PMID: 36344008 PMCID: PMC9644362 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes (GDM) causes various adverse short-term and long-term consequences for the mother and child, and its incidence is increasing globally. So far, the most promising digital health interventions for GDM management have involved healthcare professionals to provide guidance and feedback. The principal aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of comprehensive and real-time self-tracking with eMOM GDM mobile application (app) on glucose levels in women with GDM, and more broadly, on different other maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This randomised controlled trial is carried out in Helsinki metropolitan area. We randomise 200 pregnant women with GDM into the intervention and the control group at gestational week (GW) 24-28 (baseline, BL). The intervention group receives standard antenatal care and the eMOM GDM app, while the control group will receive only standard care. Participants in the intervention group use the eMOM GDM app with continuous glucose metre (CGM) and activity bracelet for 1 week every month until delivery and an electronic 3-day food record every month until delivery. The follow-up visit after intervention takes place 3 months post partum for both groups. Data are collected by laboratory blood tests, clinical measurements, capillary glucose measures, wearable sensors, air displacement plethysmography and digital questionnaires. The primary outcome is fasting plasma glucose change from BL to GW 35-37. Secondary outcomes include, for example, self-tracked capillary fasting and postprandial glucose measures, change in gestational weight gain, change in nutrition quality, change in physical activity, medication use due to GDM, birth weight and fat percentage of the child. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by Ethics Committee of the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District. The results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04714762.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Kytö
- Department of IT Management, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisa Torsdatter Markussen
- Department of IT Management, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Marttinen
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Niinistö
- Department of Public Health, Welfare Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuuli E Korhonen
- Department of Public Health, Welfare Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Korhonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila B Koivusalo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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He C, Micallef L, Serim B, Vuong T, Ruotsalo T, Jacucci G. Interactive visual facets to support fluid exploratory search. J Vis (Tokyo) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-022-00865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Exploratory search starts with ill-defined goals and involves browsing, learning, and formulating new targets for search. To fluidly support such dynamic search behaviours, we focus on devising interactive visual facets (IVF), visualising information facets to support user comprehension and control of the information space. We reviewed existing faceted search interfaces and derived two design requirements (DR) that have not been fully addressed to support fluid interactions in exploratory search. We then exemplified the requirements through devising an IVF tool, which coordinates a linear and a categorical facet representing the distribution and summarisation of items, respectively, and providing context for faceted exploration (DR1). To support rapid transitions between search criteria (DR2), the tool introduces a novel design concept of using facets to select items without filtering the item space. Particularly, we propose a filter-swipe technique that enables users to drag a categorical facet value sequentially over linear facet bars to view the items in the intersection of the two facets along with the categorical facet dynamically summarising the items in the intersection. Three applications with various datasets demonstrate how the features support information discovery with ease. A comparison with a baseline system provided evidence that the task performance of the IVF tool was comparable to the typical query search interface. Another study of 11 participants with realistic email search tasks shows that dynamic suggestions through the timeline navigation can help discover useful suggestions for search; the novel design concept was favoured over using facet values as filters. Based on these practices, we derive IVF design implications for fluid, exploratory searches.
Graphical abstract
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Vuong T, Andolina S, Jacucci G, Ruotsalo T. Does More Context Help? Effects of Context Window and Application Source on Retrieval Performance. ACM T INFORM SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1145/3474055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We study the effect of contextual information obtained from a user’s digital trace on Web search performance. Contextual information is modeled using Dirichlet–Hawkes processes (DHP) and used in augmenting Web search queries. The context is captured by monitoring all naturally occurring user behavior using continuous 24/7 recordings of the screen and associating the context with the queries issued by the users. We report a field study in which 13 participants installed a screen recording and digital activity monitoring system on their laptops for 14 days, resulting in data on all Web search queries and the associated context data. A query augmentation (QAug) model was built to expand the original query with semantically related terms. The effects of context window and source were determined by training context models with temporally varying context windows and varying application sources. The context models were then utilized to re-rank the QAug model. We evaluate the context models by using the Web document rankings of the original query as a control condition compared against various experimental conditions: (1) a search context condition in which the context was sourced from search history; (2) a non-search context condition in which the context was sourced from all interactions excluding search history; (3) a comprehensive context condition in which the context was sourced from both search and non-search histories; and (4) an application-specific condition in which the context was sourced from interaction histories captured on a specific application type. Our results indicated that incorporating more contextual information significantly improved Web search rankings as measured by the positions of the documents on which users clicked in the search result pages. The effects and importance of different context windows and application sources, along with different query types are analyzed, and their impact on Web search performance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Vuong
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Tuukka Ruotsalo
- University of Helsinki and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kytö M, Koivusalo S, Ruonala A, Strömberg L, Tuomonen H, Heinonen S, Jacucci G. Behavior Change Apps for Gestational Diabetes Management: Design and evaluation of desirable features (Preprint). JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e36987. [PMID: 36222806 PMCID: PMC9607927 DOI: 10.2196/36987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes (GDM) has considerable and increasing health effects as it raises both the mother’s and the offspring’s risk for short- and long-term health problems. GDM can usually be treated with a healthier lifestyle, such as appropriate dietary modifications and sufficient physical activity. Although telemedicine interventions providing weekly or more frequent feedback from health care professionals have shown the potential to improve glycemic control among women with GDM, apps without extensive input from health care professionals are limited and have not been shown to be effective. Different features in personalization and support have been proposed to increase the efficacy of GDM apps, but the knowledge of how these features should be designed is lacking. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate how GDM apps should be designed, considering the desirable features based on the previous literature. Methods We designed an interactive GDM prototype app that provided example implementations of desirable features, such as providing automatic and personalized suggestions and social support through the app. Women with GDM explored the prototype and provided feedback in semistructured interviews. Results We identified that (1) self-tracking data in GDM apps should be extended with written feedback, (2) habits and goals should be highly customizable to be useful, (3) the app should have different functions to provide social support, and (4) health care professionals should be notified through the app if something unusual occurs. In addition, we found 2 additional themes. First, basic functionalities that are fast to learn by women with GDM who have recently received the diagnosis should be provided, but there should also be deeper features to maintain interest for women with GDM at a later stage of pregnancy. Second, as women with GDM may have feelings of guilt, the app should have a tolerance for and a supporting approach to unfavorable behavior. Conclusions The feedback on the GDM prototype app supported the need for desirable features and provided new insights into how these features should be incorporated into GDM apps. We expect that following the proposed designs and feedback will increase the efficacy of GDM self-management apps. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03941652; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03941652
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Kytö
- Helsinki University Hospital IT Management, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Koivusalo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Ruonala
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisbeth Strömberg
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Tuomonen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Harjunen VJ, Sjö P, Ahmed I, Saarinen A, Farmer H, Salminen M, Järvelä S, Ruonala A, Jacucci G, Ravaja N. Increasing Self-Other Similarity Modulates Ethnic Bias in Sensorimotor Resonance to Others' Pain. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 17:673-682. [PMID: 34669949 PMCID: PMC9250302 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tendency to simulate the pain of others within our own sensorimotor systems is a vital component of empathy. However, this sensorimotor resonance is modulated by a multitude of social factors including similarity in bodily appearance, e.g. skin colour. The current study investigated whether increasing self-other similarity via virtual transfer to another colour body reduced ingroup bias in sensorimotor resonance. A sample of 58 white participants was momentarily transferred to either a black or a white body using virtual reality technology. We then employed electroencephalography (EEG) to examine event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the sensorimotor beta (13-23 Hz) oscillations while they viewed black, white, and violet photorealistic virtual agents being touched with a noxious or soft object. While the noxious treatment of a violet agent did not increase beta ERD, amplified beta ERD in response to black agent's noxious vs. soft treatment was found in perceivers transferred to black body. Transfer to the white body dismissed the effect. Further exploratory analysis implied that the pain-related beta ERD occurred only when the agent and the participant were of the same colour. The results suggest that even short-lasting changes in bodily resemblance can modulate sensorimotor resonance to others' perceived pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Johannes Harjunen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petja Sjö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Imtiaj Ahmed
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Farmer
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko Salminen
- Gamification Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Communications, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Simo Järvelä
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Gamification Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Communications, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Ruonala
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Ravaja
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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He C, Micallef L, He L, Peddinti G, Aittokallio T, Jacucci G. Characterizing the Quality of Insight by Interactions: A Case Study. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2021; 27:3410-3424. [PMID: 32142444 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2020.2977634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the quality of insight has become increasingly important with the trend of allowing users to post comments during visual exploration, yet approaches for qualifying insight are rare. This article presents a case study to investigate the possibility of characterizing the quality of insight via the interactions performed. To do this, we devised the interaction of a visualization tool-MediSyn-for insight generation. MediSyn supports five types of interactions: selecting, connecting, elaborating, exploring, and sharing. We evaluated MediSyn with 14 participants by allowing them to freely explore the data and generate insights. We then extracted seven interaction patterns from their interaction logs and correlated the patterns to four aspects of insight quality. The results show the possibility of qualifying insights via interactions. Among other findings, exploration actions can lead to unexpected insights; the drill-down pattern tends to increase the domain values of insights. A qualitative analysis shows that using domain knowledge to guide exploration can positively affect the domain value of derived insights. We discuss the study's implications, lessons learned, and future research opportunities.
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Vuong T, Andolina S, Jacucci G, Ruotsalo T. Spoken Conversational Context Improves Query Auto-completion in Web Search. ACM T INFORM SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1145/3447875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Web searches often originate from conversations in which people engage before they perform a search. Therefore, conversations can be a valuable source of context with which to support the search process. We investigate whether spoken input from conversations can be used as a context to improve query auto-completion. We model the temporal dynamics of the spoken conversational context preceding queries and use these models to re-rank the query auto-completion suggestions. Data were collected from a controlled experiment and comprised conversations among 12 participant pairs conversing about movies or traveling. Search query logs during the conversations were recorded and temporally associated with the conversations. We compared the effects of spoken conversational input in four conditions: a control condition without contextualization; an experimental condition with the model using search query logs; an experimental condition with the model using spoken conversational input; and an experimental condition with the model using both search query logs and spoken conversational input. We show the advantage of combining the spoken conversational context with the Web-search context for improved retrieval performance. Our results suggest that spoken conversations provide a rich context for supporting information searches beyond current user-modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tuukka Ruotsalo
- University of Helsinki, Finland and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Rossato C, Pluchino P, Cellini N, Jacucci G, Spagnolli A, Gamberini L. Facing with Collaborative Robots: The Subjective Experience in Senior and Younger Workers. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2021; 24:349-356. [PMID: 33600223 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, collaborative robots (i.e., cobots) have been largely adopted within industrial manufacturing. Although robots can support companies and workers in carrying out complex activities and improving productivity, human factors related to cobot operators have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The present study aims to understand the subjective experience of younger and senior workers interacting with an industrial collaborative robot. Results show that workers' acceptance of cobots is high, regardless of age and control modality used. Interesting differences between seniors and younger adults emerged in the evaluations of user experience, usability, and perceived workload of participants and are detailed and commented in the last part of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rossato
- Human Inspired Technology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrik Pluchino
- Human Inspired Technology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Human Inspired Technology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Spagnolli
- Human Inspired Technology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Gamberini
- Human Inspired Technology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Ruotsalo T, Jacucci G, Kaski S. Interactive faceted query suggestion for exploratory search: Whole‐session effectiveness and interaction engagement. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/asi.24304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka Ruotsalo
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIITDepartment of Computer Science, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIITDepartment of Computer Science, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Samuel Kaski
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer ScienceAalto University Finland
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Abstract
Motivational intensity has been previously linked to information processing. In particular, it has been argued that affects which are high in motivational intensity tend to narrow cognitive scope. A similar effect has been attributed to negative affect, which has been linked to narrowing of cognitive scope. In this paper, we investigated how these phenomena manifest themselves during visual word search. We conducted three studies in which participants were instructed to perform word category identification. We manipulated motivational intensity by controlling reward expectations and affect via reward outcomes. Importantly, we altered visual search paradigms, assessing the effects of affective manipulations as modulated by information arrangement. We recorded multiple physiological signals (EEG, EDA, ECG and eye tracking) to assess whether motivational states can be predicted by physiology. Across the three studies, we found that high motivational intensity narrowed visual attentional scope by altering visual search strategies, especially when information was displayed sparsely. Instead, when information was vertically listed, approach-directed motivational intensity appeared to improve memory encoding. We also observed that physiology, in particular eye tracking, may be used to detect biases induced by motivational intensity, especially when information is sparsely organised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Filetti
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Oswald Barral
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Ravaja
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Information and Service Economy, School of Business, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Vuong
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Helsinki Pietari Kalmin katu 5, Helsinki Finland
| | - Miamaria Saastamoinen
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Helsinki Pietari Kalmin katu 5, Helsinki Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Helsinki Pietari Kalmin katu 5, Helsinki Finland
| | - Tuukka Ruotsalo
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Helsinki Pietari Kalmin katu 5, Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer ScienceAalto University Konemiehentie 2, Espoo Finland
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15
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Jacucci G, Barral O, Daee P, Wenzel M, Serim B, Ruotsalo T, Pluchino P, Freeman J, Gamberini L, Kaski S, Blankertz B. Integrating neurophysiologic relevance feedback in intent modeling for information retrieval. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2019; 70:917-930. [PMID: 31763361 PMCID: PMC6853416 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of implicit relevance feedback from neurophysiology could deliver effortless information retrieval. However, both computing neurophysiologic responses and retrieving documents are characterized by uncertainty because of noisy signals and incomplete or inconsistent representations of the data. We present the first-of-its-kind, fully integrated information retrieval system that makes use of online implicit relevance feedback generated from brain activity as measured through electroencephalography (EEG), and eye movements. The findings of the evaluation experiment (N = 16) show that we are able to compute online neurophysiology-based relevance feedback with performance significantly better than chance in complex data domains and realistic search tasks. We contribute by demonstrating how to integrate in interactive intent modeling this inherently noisy implicit relevance feedback combined with scarce explicit feedback. Although experimental measures of task performance did not allow us to demonstrate how the classification outcomes translated into search task performance, the experiment proved that our approach is able to generate relevance feedback from brain signals and eye movements in a realistic scenario, thus providing promising implications for future work in neuroadaptive information retrieval (IR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Jacucci
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki P.O. Box 68, (Pietari Kalmin katu 5), Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Oswald Barral
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki P.O. Box 68, (Pietari Kalmin katu 5), Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Pedram Daee
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science Aalto University P.O.Box 15400, Aalto FI-00076 Finland
| | - Markus Wenzel
- Neurotechnology Group Technische Universität Berlin Berlin 10587 Germany
| | - Baris Serim
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki P.O. Box 68, (Pietari Kalmin katu 5), Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Tuukka Ruotsalo
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki P.O. Box 68, (Pietari Kalmin katu 5), Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Patrik Pluchino
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre University of Padova Via Luzzatti 4, Padova 35121 Italy
| | | | - Luciano Gamberini
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre University of Padova Via Luzzatti 4, Padova 35121 Italy
| | - Samuel Kaski
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science Aalto University P.O.Box 15400, Aalto FI-00076 Finland
| | - Benjamin Blankertz
- Neurotechnology Group Technische Universität Berlin Berlin 10587 Germany
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Andolina S, Klouche K, Ruotsalo T, Floréen P, Jacucci G. Querytogether: Enabling entity-centric exploration in multi-device collaborative search. Inf Process Manag 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Ruotsalo T, Peltonen J, Eugster MJA, Głowacka D, Floréen P, Myllymäki P, Jacucci G, Kaski S. Interactive Intent Modeling for Exploratory Search. ACM T INFORM SYST 2018. [DOI: 10.1145/3231593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Exploratory search requires the system to assist the user in comprehending the information space and expressing evolving search intents for iterative exploration and retrieval of information. We introduce interactive intent modeling, a technique that models a user’s evolving search intents and visualizes them as keywords for interaction. The user can provide feedback on the keywords, from which the system learns and visualizes an improved intent estimate and retrieves information. We report experiments comparing variants of a system implementing interactive intent modeling to a control system. Data comprising search logs, interaction logs, essay answers, and questionnaires indicate significant improvements in task performance, information retrieval performance over the session, information comprehension performance, and user experience. The improvements in retrieval effectiveness can be attributed to the intent modeling and the effect on users’ task performance, breadth of information comprehension, and user experience are shown to be dependent on a richer visualization. Our results demonstrate the utility of combining interactive modeling of search intentions with interactive visualization of the models that can benefit both directing the exploratory search process and making sense of the information space. Our findings can help design personalized systems that support exploratory information seeking and discovery of novel information.
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Sundin I, Peltola T, Micallef L, Afrabandpey H, Soare M, Mamun Majumder M, Daee P, He C, Serim B, Havulinna A, Heckman C, Jacucci G, Marttinen P, Kaski S. Improving genomics-based predictions for precision medicine through active elicitation of expert knowledge. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:i395-i403. [PMID: 29949984 PMCID: PMC6022689 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Precision medicine requires the ability to predict the efficacies of different treatments for a given individual using high-dimensional genomic measurements. However, identifying predictive features remains a challenge when the sample size is small. Incorporating expert knowledge offers a promising approach to improve predictions, but collecting such knowledge is laborious if the number of candidate features is very large. Results We introduce a probabilistic framework to incorporate expert feedback about the impact of genomic measurements on the outcome of interest and present a novel approach to collect the feedback efficiently, based on Bayesian experimental design. The new approach outperformed other recent alternatives in two medical applications: prediction of metabolic traits and prediction of sensitivity of cancer cells to different drugs, both using genomic features as predictors. Furthermore, the intelligent approach to collect feedback reduced the workload of the expert to approximately 11%, compared to a baseline approach. Availability and implementation Source code implementing the introduced computational methods is freely available at https://github.com/AaltoPML/knowledge-elicitation-for-precision-medicine. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iiris Sundin
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Peltola
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luana Micallef
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Homayun Afrabandpey
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marta Soare
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muntasir Mamun Majumder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedram Daee
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chen He
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Baris Serim
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare THL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Marttinen
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
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Orso V, Ruotsalo T, Leino J, Gamberini L, Jacucci G. Overlaying social information: The effects on users’ search and information-selection behavior. Inf Process Manag 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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He C, Micallef L, Tanoli ZUR, Kaski S, Aittokallio T, Jacucci G. MediSyn: uncertainty-aware visualization of multiple biomedical datasets to support drug treatment selection. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:393. [PMID: 28929971 PMCID: PMC5606218 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dispersed biomedical databases limit user exploration to generate structured knowledge. Linked Data unifies data structures and makes the dispersed data easy to search across resources, but it lacks supporting human cognition to achieve insights. In addition, potential errors in the data are difficult to detect in their free formats. Devising a visualization that synthesizes multiple sources in such a way that links between data sources are transparent, and uncertainties, such as data conflicts, are salient is challenging. Results To investigate the requirements and challenges of uncertainty-aware visualizations of linked data, we developed MediSyn, a system that synthesizes medical datasets to support drug treatment selection. It uses a matrix-based layout to visually link drugs, targets (e.g., mutations), and tumor types. Data uncertainties are salient in MediSyn; for example, (i) missing data are exposed in the matrix view of drug-target relations; (ii) inconsistencies between datasets are shown via overlaid layers; and (iii) data credibility is conveyed through links to data provenance. Conclusions Through the synthesis of two manually curated datasets, cancer treatment biomarkers and drug-target bioactivities, a use case shows how MediSyn effectively supports the discovery of drug-repurposing opportunities. A study with six domain experts indicated that MediSyn benefited the drug selection and data inconsistency discovery. Though linked publication sources supported user exploration for further information, the causes of inconsistencies were not easy to find. Additionally, MediSyn could embrace more patient data to increase its informativeness. We derive design implications from the findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1785-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki, 00560, Finland.
| | - Luana Micallef
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Konemiehentie 2, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Zia-Ur-Rehman Tanoli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Samuel Kaski
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Konemiehentie 2, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
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21
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Harjunen V, Spapé M, Ahmed I, Jacucci G, Ravaja N. Individual differences in affective touch: Behavioral inhibition and gender define how an interpersonal touch is perceived. Personality and Individual Differences 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Harjunen VJ, Ahmed I, Jacucci G, Ravaja N, Spapé MM. Manipulating Bodily Presence Affects Cross-Modal Spatial Attention: A Virtual-Reality-Based ERP Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:79. [PMID: 28275346 PMCID: PMC5319989 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies have revealed cross-modal visuo-tactile interactions in endogenous spatial attention. The current research used event-related potentials (ERPs) and virtual reality (VR) to identify how the visual cues of the perceiver’s body affect visuo-tactile interaction in endogenous spatial attention and at what point in time the effect takes place. A bimodal oddball task with lateralized tactile and visual stimuli was presented in two VR conditions, one with and one without visible hands, and one VR-free control with hands in view. Participants were required to silently count one type of stimulus and ignore all other stimuli presented in irrelevant modality or location. The presence of hands was found to modulate early and late components of somatosensory and visual evoked potentials. For sensory-perceptual stages, the presence of virtual or real hands was found to amplify attention-related negativity on the somatosensory N140 and cross-modal interaction in somatosensory and visual P200. For postperceptual stages, an amplified N200 component was obtained in somatosensory and visual evoked potentials, indicating increased response inhibition in response to non-target stimuli. The effect of somatosensory, but not visual, N200 enhanced when the virtual hands were present. The findings suggest that bodily presence affects sustained cross-modal spatial attention between vision and touch and that this effect is specifically present in ERPs related to early- and late-sensory processing, as well as response inhibition, but do not affect later attention and memory-related P3 activity. Finally, the experiments provide commeasurable scenarios for the estimation of the signal and noise ratio to quantify effects related to the use of a head mounted display (HMD). However, despite valid a-priori reasons for fearing signal interference due to a HMD, we observed no significant drop in the robustness of our ERP measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville J Harjunen
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Department of Computer Science, Aalto UniversityEspoo, Finland; Social Psychology, Department of Social Research, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Imtiaj Ahmed
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Department of Computer Science, Aalto UniversityEspoo, Finland; Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Department of Computer Science, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Department of Computer Science, Aalto UniversityEspoo, Finland; Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Department of Computer Science, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Ravaja
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Department of Computer Science, Aalto UniversityEspoo, Finland; Information and Service Economy, School of Business, Aalto UniversityHelsinki, Finland; Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Michiel M Spapé
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University Liverpool, UK
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Ravaja N, Harjunen V, Ahmed I, Jacucci G, Spapé MM. Feeling Touched: Emotional Modulation of Somatosensory Potentials to Interpersonal Touch. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40504. [PMID: 28079157 PMCID: PMC5228183 DOI: 10.1038/srep40504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the previous studies have shown that an emotional context may alter touch processing, it is not clear how visual contextual information modulates the sensory signals, and at what levels does this modulation take place. Therefore, we investigated how a toucher’s emotional expressions (anger, happiness, fear, and sadness) modulate touchee’s somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) in different temporal ranges. Participants were presented with tactile stimulation appearing to originate from expressive characters in virtual reality. Touch processing was indexed using SEPs, and self-reports of touch experience were collected. Early potentials were found to be amplified after angry, happy and sad facial expressions, while late potentials were amplified after anger but attenuated after happiness. These effects were related to two stages of emotional modulation of tactile perception: anticipation and interpretation. The findings show that not only does touch affect emotion, but also emotional expressions affect touch perception. The affective modulation of touch was initially obtained as early as 25 ms after the touch onset suggesting that emotional context is integrated to the tactile sensation at a very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ravaja
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,School of Business, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Harjunen
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Ahmed
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - G Jacucci
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M M Spapé
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Eugster MJA, Ruotsalo T, Spapé MM, Barral O, Ravaja N, Jacucci G, Kaski S. Natural brain-information interfaces: Recommending information by relevance inferred from human brain signals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38580. [PMID: 27929077 PMCID: PMC5143956 DOI: 10.1038/srep38580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding relevant information from large document collections such as the World Wide Web is a common task in our daily lives. Estimation of a user's interest or search intention is necessary to recommend and retrieve relevant information from these collections. We introduce a brain-information interface used for recommending information by relevance inferred directly from brain signals. In experiments, participants were asked to read Wikipedia documents about a selection of topics while their EEG was recorded. Based on the prediction of word relevance, the individual's search intent was modeled and successfully used for retrieving new relevant documents from the whole English Wikipedia corpus. The results show that the users' interests toward digital content can be modeled from the brain signals evoked by reading. The introduced brain-relevance paradigm enables the recommendation of information without any explicit user interaction and may be applied across diverse information-intensive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J A Eugster
- Aalto University, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, P.O. Box 15400, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Tuukka Ruotsalo
- Aalto University, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, P.O. Box 15400, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Michiel M Spapé
- Aalto University, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, P.O. Box 15400, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Oswald Barral
- University of Helsinki, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Ravaja
- Aalto University, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, P.O. Box 15400, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, P.O. Box 54, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Aalto University, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, P.O. Box 15400, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Kaski
- Aalto University, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, P.O. Box 15400, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Cowley B, Filetti M, Lukander K, Torniainen J, Henelius A, Ahonen L, Barral O, Kosunen I, Valtonen T, Huotilainen M, Ravaja N, Jacucci G. The Psychophysiology Primer: A Guide to Methods and a Broad Review with a Focus on Human–Computer Interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1561/1100000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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26
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Athukorala K, Głowacka D, Jacucci G, Oulasvirta A, Vreeken J. Is exploratory search different? A comparison of information search behavior for exploratory and lookup tasks. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/asi.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumaripaba Athukorala
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Dorota Głowacka
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Antti Oulasvirta
- Department of Communications and Networking Aalto University, School of Electrical Engineering Espoo Finland
| | - Jilles Vreeken
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics and Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany
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Spapé MM, Ahmed I, Jacucci G, Ravaja N. The self in conflict: actors and agency in the mediated sequential Simon task. Front Psychol 2015; 6:304. [PMID: 25852618 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive control refers to the ability to withstand interference in order to achieve task goals. The effect of conflict adaptation describes that after experiencing interference, subsequent conflict effects are weaker. However, changes in the source of conflict have been found to disrupt conflict adaptation. Previous studies indicated that this specificity is determined by the degree to which one source causes episodic retrieval of a previous source. A virtual reality version of the Simon task was employed to investigate whether changes in a visual representation of the self would similarly affect conflict adaptation. Participants engaged in a mediated Simon task via 3D "avatar" models that either mirrored the participants' movements, or were presented statically. A retrieval cue was implemented as the identity of the avatar: switching it from a male to a female avatar was expected to disrupt the conflict adaptation effect (CAE). The results show that only in static conditions did the CAE depend on the avatar identity, while in dynamic conditions, changes did not cause disruption. We also explored the effect of conflict and adaptation on the degree of movement made with the task-irrelevant hand and replicated the reaction time pattern. The findings add to earlier studies of source-specific conflict adaptation by showing that a visual representation of the self in action can provide a cue that determines episodic retrieval. Furthermore, the novel paradigm is made openly available to the scientific community and is described in its significance for studies of social cognition, cognitive psychology, and human-computer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel M Spapé
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University Espoo, Finland
| | - Imtiaj Ahmed
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University Espoo, Finland ; Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulio Jacucci
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Ravaja
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University Espoo, Finland ; Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; School of Business, Aalto University Helsinki, Finland
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Gamberini L, Orso V, Beretta A, Jacucci G, Spagnolli A, Rimondi R. Evaluating User Experience of Augmented Reality Eyeglasses. Stud Health Technol Inform 2015; 219:28-32. [PMID: 26799874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Augmented reality based applications have been experimented with in various contexts. Typically, the interaction is supported by handled devices, which, in specific scenarios, may hinder the interaction and spoil the experience of use, as the user is forced to hold the device and to keep her eyes on it at all times. The recent launch on the market of light-weight, unobtrusive head-mounted displays may change this circumstance. Nevertheless, investigations are needed to understand if such head-worn devices effectively outperform handheld devices in terms of comfort and pleasant experience of use. Here we present two experiments aimed at assessing the comfort of wearing a head-worn, see-through AR viewer in both a controlled and a natural setting. Besides the comfort of wearing the device, aspects related to the user experience were also investigated in the field evaluation. Our findings suggest that the head-mounted display examined is comfortable to wear regardless of the context of use. Interestingly in the field trails, participants did not express concern for the impression they would have made on other people and the experience of use was overall pleasant. Possible issues related to visual fatigue emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Orso
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua
| | | | | | - Anna Spagnolli
- Human Inspired Technology Research Center, University of Padua
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Spapé MM, Hoggan EE, Jacucci G, Ravaja N. The meaning of the virtual Midas touch: an ERP study in economic decision making. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:378-87. [PMID: 25265874 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Midas touch refers to the altruistic effects of a brief touch. Though these effects have often been replicated, they remain poorly understood. We investigate the psychophysiology of the effect using remotely transmitted, precisely timed, tactile messages in an economic decision-making game called Ultimatum. Participants were more likely to accept offers after receiving a remotely transmitted touch. Furthermore, we found distinct effects of touch on event-related potentials evoked by (a) feedback regarding accepted and rejected offers, (b) decision cues related to proposals, and (c) the haptic and auditory cues themselves. In each case, a late positive effect of touch was observed and related to the P3. Given the role of the P3 in memory-related functions, the results indicate an indirect relationship between touch and generosity that relies on memory. This hypothesis was further tested and confirmed in the positive effects of touch on later proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel M Spapé
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Hinrichs U, Carpendale S, Valkanova N, Kuikkaniemi K, Jacucci G, Moere AV. Interactive public displays. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 2013; 33:25-27. [PMID: 24921090 DOI: 10.1109/mcg.2013.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Quirke N, Perram J, Jacucci G. Perturbation theory for the two-centre Lennard-Jones fluid using a spherically averaged reference potential. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978000101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jacucci G, Perini A, Martin G. Monte Carlo computation of cluster free energies in the Ising model: a test for the validity of the capillarity approximation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/16/2/019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nardin F, Jacucci G, Dharma-wardana MW. Dynamic ion-ion structure factor of strongly coupled hydrogen plasmas at arbitrary degeneracies. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1988; 37:1025-1028. [PMID: 9899757 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bosse J, Jacucci G, Ronchetti M, Schirmacher W. Fast Sound in Liquid Li 4Pb*. Z PHYS CHEM 1988. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.1988.156.part_1.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jacucci G, Flynn CP. Jump rate of the fcc vacancy in the short-memory-augmented-rate-theory approximation. I. Difference Monte Carlo sampling for the Vineyard rate. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 36:9461-9468. [PMID: 9942839 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.9461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Marchese M, Jacucci G, Flynn CP. Jump rate of the fcc vacancy in the short-memory-augmented-rate-theory approximation. II. Dynamical conversion coefficient and isotope-effect factor. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 36:9469-9481. [PMID: 9942840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.9469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Jacucci G, Marchese M, Flynn CP, Toller M. Theory of classical diffusion jumps in solids. II. Isotope effect and first-order anharmonic terms. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 36:3086-3094. [PMID: 9943217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Toller M, Jacucci G, DeLorenzi G, Flynn CP. Erratum: Theory of classical diffusion jumps in solids. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 35:7736. [PMID: 9941091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.7736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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