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de Stefano MC, Floridia G, Censi F, Tosto F, Salvatore M, Civolani A, Crescenzi B, Giardino D, Lenzini E, Lisi E, Lonardo F, Mancini M, Novelli A, Piombo G, Stioui S, Taruscio D. The Italian National External Quality Assessment Program in Cytogenetics: 4 years of activity (2013-2016) following the introduction of poor performance criteria. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2018; 54:109-116. [PMID: 29916415 DOI: 10.4415/ann_18_02_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Italian External Quality Assessment (IEQA) Program in Cytogenetics, established in 2001 by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), covers both Constitutional and Oncohaematological diagnosis. In 2013, performance criteria were defined and adopted. In this paper, we present the data from the first 4 years of activity (2013-2016) following the introduction of performance criteria. METHODS The enrollment is voluntary, fee-based and open to both public and private Italian laboratories. The scheme is annual and retrospective; a national panel of experts assess technical, analytical and interpretative performance. RESULTS Overall, 95 distinct Italian laboratories participated in different Cytogenetics IEQA schemes over the 2013-2016 years and most of the laboratories took part in Constitutional diagnosis. General hospitals and local health centers represented 40% of the total participants and the percentage of laboratories from Northern Regions was more than 45% of total participants throughout the 4-year period. As regards the performance evaluation, on average, 11, 9 and 23% of participants were marked as poor performers in Prenatal, Postnatal and Oncohaematological schemes, respectively. With regard to critical errors, ISCN nomenclature in Prenatal and Postnatal schemes, and interpretation in Oncohaematological diagnosis, were identified as main issues. On the other hand, karyotype errors and inadequate analysis decreased strongly, over the 4 years, in Constitutional and Oncohaematological diagnosis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the introduction of poor performance encourages laboratories to address critical issues, and the IEQA participation helps to improve quality in cytogenetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Floridia
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy - Current affiliation: Unità di Bioetica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Censi
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tosto
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvatore
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Civolani
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale di Genetica Medica, ASLRM1, Centro S. Anna, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Crescenzi
- SS di Genomica dei Tumori, SC di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Giardino
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lenzini
- Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ermanna Lisi
- Struttura Organizzativa Dipartimentale di Diagnostica Genetica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Fortunato Lonardo
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale di Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera G. Rummo, Benevento, Italy
| | - Marco Mancini
- Unità di Ematologia, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piombo
- Laboratorio Genetica Umana Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Sabine Stioui
- Struttura Semplice di Citogenetica, Azienda Ospedaliera- Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Milan, Italy - Current affiliation: Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenica Taruscio
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Viaggi CD, Cavani S, Malacarne M, Floriddia F, Zerega G, Baldo C, Mogni M, Castagnetta M, Piombo G, Coviello DA, Camandona F, Lijoi D, Insegno W, Traversa M, Pierluigi M. First-trimester euploid miscarriages analysed by array-CGH. J Appl Genet 2013; 54:353-9. [PMID: 23780398 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-013-0157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 10-15 % of all clinically recognised pregnancies results in a miscarriage, most of which occur during the first trimester. Large-scale chromosomal abnormalities have been found in up to 50 % of first-trimester spontaneous abortions and, for several decades, standard cytogenetic analysis has been used for their identification. Recent studies have proven that array comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH) is a useful tool for the detection of genome imbalances in miscarriages, showing a higher resolution, a significantly higher detection rate and overcoming problems of culture failures, maternal contamination and poor chromosome morphology. In this study, we investigated the possibility that submicroscopic chromosomal changes, not detectable by conventional cytogenetic analysis, exist in euploid miscarriages and could be causative for the spontaneous abortion. We analysed with array-CGH technology 40 foetal tissue samples derived by first-trimester miscarriages with a normal karyotype. A whole-genome microarray with a 100-Kb resolution was used for the analysis. Forty-five copy number variants (CNVs), ranging in size between 120 Kb and 4.3 Mb, were identified in 31 samples (24 gains and 21 losses). Ten samples (10/31, 32 %) have more than one CNV. Thirty-one CNVs (68 %) were defined as common CNVs and 14 were classified as unique. Six genes and five microRNAs contained within these CNVs will be discussed. This study shows that array-CGH is useful for detecting submicroscopic CNVs and identifying candidate genes which could account for euploid miscarriages.
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Giardino D, Corti C, Ballarati L, Colombo D, Sala E, Villa N, Piombo G, Pierluigi M, Faravelli F, Guerneri S, Coviello D, Lalatta F, Cavallari U, Bellotti D, Barlati S, Croci G, Franchi F, Savin E, Nocera G, Amico FP, Granata P, Casalone R, Nutini L, Lisi E, Torricelli F, Giussani U, Facchinetti B, Guanti G, Di Giacomo M, Susca FP, Pecile V, Romitti L, Cardarelli L, Racalbuto E, Police MA, Chiodo F, Rodeschini O, Falcone P, Donti E, Grimoldi MG, Martinoli E, Stioui S, Caufin D, Lauricella SA, Tanzariello SA, Voglino G, Lenzini E, Besozzi M, Larizza L, Dalprà L. De novo balanced chromosome rearrangements in prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29:257-65. [PMID: 19248039 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We surveyed the datasheets of 29 laboratories concerning prenatal diagnosis of de novo apparently balanced chromosome rearrangements to assess the involvement of specific chromosomes, the breakpoints distribution and the impact on the pregnancy outcome. METHOD By means of a questionnaire, data on 269.371 analyses performed from 1983 to 2006 on amniotic fluid, chorionic villus and fetal blood samples were collected. RESULTS A total of 246 balanced anomalies were detected at frequencies of 72% for reciprocal translocations, 18% for Robertsonian translocations, 7% for inversions and 3% for complex chromosome rearrangements. The total frequencies of balanced rearrangements were 0.09%, 0.08% and 0.05% on amniotic fluid, chorionic villus and fetal blood samples. CONCLUSION A preferential involvement of chromosomes 22, 7, 21, 3, 9 and 11 and a less involvement of chromosomes X, 19, 12, 6 and 1 was observed. A nonrandom distribution of the breakpoints across chromosomes was noticed. Association in the location of recurrent breakpoints and fragile sites was observed for chromosomes 11, 7, 10 and 22, while it was not recorded for chromosome 3. The rate of pregnancy termination was about 20%, with frequencies decreasing from complex chromosomal rearrangements (33%), reciprocal translocations (24%) to inversions (11%) and Robertsonian translocations (3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giardino
- Lab Citogenetica Medica e Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Ist. Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.
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Floridia G, Falbo V, Censi F, Tosto F, Salvatore M, Baroncini A, Battaglia P, Conti A, Donti E, La Starza R, Nitsch L, Pierluigi M, Piombo G, Susca F, Mancini M, Mecucci C, Calzolari E, Dagna Bricarelli F, Guanti G, Taruscio D. The Italian external quality assessment scheme in classical cytogenetics: four years of activity. Public Health Genomics 2008; 11:295-303. [PMID: 18493128 DOI: 10.1159/000121401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Italian external quality assessment scheme in classical cytogenetics was started in 2001 as an activity funded by the National Health System and coordinated by the Italian Public Institute of Health. OBJECTIVES The aim of our work is to present data from the first 4 years of activity, 2001-2004. METHODS Italian cytogenetics public laboratories were enrolled on a voluntary basis, and this nationwide program covered prenatal, postnatal and oncological diagnosis. The scheme is annual and retrospective; a panel of experts reviewed the quality of images and reports in order to assess technical, analytical and interpretative performance. RESULTS Over the 4-year period, the number of participating laboratories increased: from 36 in 2001, 46 in 2002, 49 in 2003 to 51 in 2004. The overall technical performance was satisfactory. Inadequacy or lack of information in reporting was the most frequent analytical inaccuracy identified in all parts of the scheme. However, the percentage of complete reports increased significantly during the period: by 36% in postnatal diagnosis between 2001 and 2004 (p < 0.001) and by 42% in oncological diagnosis between 2002 and 2004 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Our experience reveals that participation in external quality assessment programs has significant advantages, helping to standardize and to assure quality in cytogenetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Floridia
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Villeneuve P, Barouh N, Baréa B, Piombo G, Figueroa-Espinoza M, Turon F, Pina M, Lago R. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of structured triacylglycerols with conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in central position. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dalprà L, Giardino D, Finelli P, Corti C, Valtorta C, Guerneri S, Ilardi P, Fortuna R, Coviello D, Nocera G, Amico FP, Martinoli E, Sala E, Villa N, Crosti F, Chiodo F, di Cantogno LV, Savin E, Croci G, Franchi F, Venti G, Donti E, Migliori V, Pettinari A, Bonifacio S, Centrone C, Torricelli F, Rossi S, Simi P, Granata P, Casalone R, Lenzini E, Artifoni L, Pecile V, Barlati S, Bellotti D, Caufin D, Police A, Cavani S, Piombo G, Pierluigi M, Larizza L. Cytogenetic and molecular evaluation of 241 small supernumerary marker chromosomes: Cooperative study of 19 Italian laboratories. Genet Med 2005; 7:620-5. [PMID: 16301863 DOI: 10.1097/01.gim.0000182876.57766.2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the experiences of 19 Italian laboratories concerning 241 small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) with the aim of answering questions arising from their origin from any chromosome, their variable size and genetic content, and their impact on the carrier's phenotype. METHODS Conventional protocols were used to set up the cultures and chromosome preparations. Both commercial and homemade probes were used for the fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses. RESULTS A total of 113 of the 241 sSMCs were detected antenatally, and 128 were detected postnatally. There were 52 inherited and 172 de novo cases. Abnormal phenotype was present in 137 cases (57%), 38 of which were antenatally diagnosed. A mosaic condition was observed in 87 cases (36%). In terms of morphology, monocentric and dicentric bisatellited marker chromosomes were the most common, followed by monocentric rings and short-arm isochromosomes. The chromosomes generating the sSMCs were acrocentric in 132 cases (69%) and non-acrocentric chromosomes in 60 cases (31%); a neocentromere was hypothesized in three cases involving chromosomes 6, 8, and 15. CONCLUSION The presented and published data still do not allow any definite conclusions to be drawn concerning karyotype-phenotype correlations. Only concerted efforts to characterize molecularly the sSMCs associated or not with a clinical phenotype can yield results suitable for addressing karyotype-phenotype correlations in support of genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Dalprà
- Department of Experimental, Environmental Medicine, University Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Villeneuve P, Baréa B, Barouh N, Turon F, Figueroa-Espinoza M, Piombo G, Dhuique-Mayer C, Pina M. Toward the synthesis of pyroglutamate lauroyl ester: biocatalysis versus chemical catalysis. Biotechnol Lett 2004; 26:193-6. [PMID: 15049361 DOI: 10.1023/b:bile.0000013710.46900.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of dodecyl pyroglutamate (or pyroglutamate lauroyl ester) was achieved in a two-step process involving a pyroglutamic acid alkyl ester intermediate. The reaction was carried out either by lipase or by chemical catalysis using ion exchange resin. Among the various tested lipases, the one from Candida antarctica B gave the best results allowing 73% formation of the desired ester after 6 h. Comparing the efficiency of this latter lipase with the one of Amberlyst IR120H resin in catalyzing this reaction, the biocatalyst gave a molar yield of pyroglutamate lauroyl ester of 79% compared to 69% when using the ion exchange resin starting with 1.04 mmol substrate in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Villeneuve
- CIRAD-AMIS, Lipotechny Laboratory, TA 40/16, 73 rue JF Breton, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Cavani S, Perfumo C, Faravelli F, Malacarne M, Sogliani M, Piombo G, Zerega G, Zucca M, Dagna Bricarelli F, Pierluigi M. Cryptic 1p36.3/6q25.2 translocation in three generations ascertained through a foetus with IUGR and cerebral malformations. Prenat Diagn 2003; 23:819-23. [PMID: 14558026 DOI: 10.1002/pd.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a foetus with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), cerebral malformations and a 46,XY,der(1),t(1;6)(p36.3;q25.2) karyotype owing to a familial cryptic translocation segregating in three generations. A balanced translocation was present in the mother, the maternal uncle, the aunt and the grandmother. A female first cousin with dysmorphisms, hydrocephalus and mental retardation was a carrier of a partial trisomy 1p and a partial monosomy 6q. Multiple miscarriages were present in the family pedigree. Parents of the foetus had three other pregnancies: a male with a balanced translocation, and two foetuses with 1p36.3-pter monosomy and 6q25.2-qter trisomy.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/embryology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Adult
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Family
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Fetal Growth Retardation/complications
- Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnosis
- Genetic Counseling
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Pedigree
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, Third
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- Telencephalon/abnormalities
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cavani
- Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
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Laudanno OM, Cesolari JA, Esnarriaga J, Rista L, Piombo G, Maglione C, Aramberry L, Sambrano J, Godoy A, Rocaspana A. Gastrointestinal damage induced by celecoxib and rofecoxib in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46:779-84. [PMID: 11330413 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010748316889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Five experimental models were developed in different groups of Wistar rats (N = 15) to study selective COX-2-inhibitor NSAIDs such as celecoxib and rofecoxib, as follows: (1) dose-dependent oral Celecoxib and Rofecoxib for 5 days, and 24 hr after oral indomethacin; (2) Same as 1 but subcutaneously; (3) gastric ulcer induced by glacial acetic acid; (4) duodenal ulcer induced by cysteamine; and (5) stress by immobilization and immersion in water at 15 degrees C for 6 hr. Celecoxib and Rofecoxib, either orally or subcutaneously, did not produce necrotic lesions in healthy gastrointestinal mucosa (0%), showing normal histology. In contrast, previously indomethacin-induced lesions were aggravated (90%, P < 0.001). Total necrosis in the small intestine as well as increased ulcers and perforation of gastric and duodenal ulcers induced by acetic acid and cysteamine were observed. There was also aggravation of the necrotic gastric area in stress (60-90%, P < 0.05). Celecoxib and rofecoxib showed neutrophilia (5000/mm3) similar to that with indomethacin. In contrast, there was no leukocyte infiltration in the gastric múcosa; thus, we can consider it a selective COX-2 NSAID. In conclusion, celecoxib and rofecoxib at doses causing COX-2 but not COX-1 inhibition did not produce toxic lesions in healthy gastrointestinal mucosa, yielding a broad therapeutic margin. In contrast, when administered in altered gastrointestinal mucosa, they aggravated and complicated gastric ulcers as well as necrosis in the small intestine, consequently restricting their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Laudanno
- Gastroenterología Experimental Cátedras de Patología Médica III e Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Rosario, Argentina
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Cavani S, Tamaoka A, Moretti A, Marinelli L, Angelini G, Di Stefano S, Piombo G, Cazzulo V, Matsuno S, Shoji S, Furiya Y, Zaccheo D, Dagna-Bricarelli F, Tabaton M, Mori H. Plasma levels of amyloid beta 40 and 42 are independent from ApoE genotype and mental retardation in Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet 2000; 95:224-8. [PMID: 11102927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In Down syndrome (DS) brain an early, selective accumulation of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides ending at residue 42 (Abeta42) occurs. Whether this event depends on an altered processing of amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) or on defective clearance is uncertain. To investigate this issue, we measured Abeta species 40 and 42 in plasma from 61 patients with DS, 77 age-matched normal controls, and 55 mentally retarded subjects without chromosomal abnormalities. The Abeta 40 and 42 plasma levels were then correlated with apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotypes in all groups of cases, and with I. Q. and Mini Mental Status Examination values in DS subjects. Both Abeta species were significantly elevated in DS compared to control groups, and the extent of their increase reflects that expected from APP gene overexpression. Plasma levels of Abeta 40 and 42 did not correlate with apoE genotypes in DS and control cases, and with the extent of mental retardation in DS subjects. The results indicate that accumulation and clearance of plasma and cerebral Abeta are regulated by different and independent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cavani
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
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Laudanno OM, Esnarriaga JM, Cesolari JA, Maglione CB, Aramberry LJ, Sambrano JS, Piombo G, Rista L. [Celecoxib vs indomethacin and acute gastric lesions in rats]. Medicina (B Aires) 2000; 60:221-4. [PMID: 10962812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In 5 random groups of Wistar rats (n = 15 for each group), ulcerogenic doses of NSAIDs COX-1-COX-2 inhibitors such as indomethacin were compared with Celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor); the production of antrum gastric ulcers and bowel and colon necrotic areas was studied. Celecoxib was given each 12 hs orally and subcutaneously during 5 days and gastrointestinal lesions were not found; in contrast, Celecoxib given after indomethacin aggravated antrum gastric ulcers (p < 0.001); intestinal massive necrosis and death were observed in all the rats. We conclude that Celecoxib does not induce gastrointestinal lesions in healthy mucosa; in contrast, Celecoxib amplifies the gastrointestinal lesions induced by indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Laudanno
- Cátedra de Patología Médica III e Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
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Laudanno OM, Cesolari JA, Esnarriaga J, Rista L, Piombo G, Maglione C, Aramberry LJ, Sambrano JS, Godoy A, Rocaspana A. [Gastrointestinal damage induced by celecoxib and rofecoxib in rats]. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 2000; 30:27-33. [PMID: 10855352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Five experimental models were carried out in different groups of Wistar rats (n = 15) in order to study selective (cyclo-oxygenase) COX-2 non-steroid antiinflammatory inhibitors, such as celecoxib and rofecoxib, as follows: 1) Dose-dependent oral celecoxib and rofecoxib for 5 days, and 24 hours after oral indomethacin. 2) Same as 1, but subcutaneously. 3) Gastric ulcer induced by means of glacial acetic acid. 4) Duodenal ulcer induced by means of cysteamine. 5) Stress due to being kept under restraint and immersion in water at 15 degrees C for 6 hours. Celecoxib and rofecoxib, either orally or subcutaneously, did not produce necrotic injuries in healthy gastrointestinal mucosa (0%), showing normal histology. On the other hand, the injuries previously induced by indomethacin worsened (90%, p < 0.001). Total necrosis of small intestine as well as increased ulcer and perforation of gastric and duodenal ulcers induced by acetic acid and cysteamine were observed. There was also worsening of gastric necrotic area with stress (60-90%, p < 0.05). Celecoxib and rofecoxib showed neutrophilia (5,000/mm3) similar to that presented by indomethacin, but there was no leukocyte infiltration in the gastric mucosa; thus we can consider it a COX-2 selective NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug). CONCLUSION Dose-dependent administration of celecoxib and rofecoxib as COX-2 inhibitors and non-COX-1 inhibitors, respectively, did not produce toxic injuries on healthy gastrointestinal mucosa, thus providing a broad therapeutic spectre. On the other hand, when administered in presence of altered gastrointestinal mucosa, they worsened and complicated gastric ulcers, and also induced necrosis in the small intestine, thereby restricting their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Laudanno
- Cátedras de Patología Médica III e Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Rosario, U.N.R
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Cavani S, Tamaoka A, Moretti A, Marinelli L, Angelini G, Di Stefano S, Piombo G, Cazzulo V, Matsuno S, Shoji S, Furiya Y, Zaccheo D, Dagna-Bricarelli F, Tabaton M, Mori H. Plasma levels of amyloid ? 40 and 42 are independent from ApoE genotype and mental retardation in down syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20001127)95:3<224::aid-ajmg7>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lardet L, Piombo G, Oriol F, Dechamp E, Carron M. Relations between biochemical characteristics and conversion ability in Hevea brasiliensis zygotic and somatic embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1139/cjb-77-8-1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Russo C, Angelini G, Dapino D, Piccini A, Piombo G, Schettini G, Chen S, Teller JK, Zaccheo D, Gambetti P, Tabaton M. Opposite roles of apolipoprotein E in normal brains and in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:15598-602. [PMID: 9861015 PMCID: PMC28089 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.26.15598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have characterized the interaction between apolipoprotein E (apoE) and amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) in the soluble fraction of the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control subjects. Western blot analysis with specific antibodies identified in both groups a complex composed of the full-length apoE and Abeta peptides ending at residues 40 and 42. The apoE-Abeta soluble aggregate is less stable in AD brains than in controls, when treated with the anionic detergent SDS. The complex is present in significantly higher quantity in control than in AD brains, whereas in the insoluble fraction an inverse correlation has previously been reported. Moreover, in the AD subjects the Abeta bound to apoE is more sensitive to protease digestion than is the unbound Abeta. Taken together, our results indicate that in normal brains apoE efficiently binds and sequesters Abeta, preventing its aggregation. In AD, the impaired apoE-Abeta binding leads to the critical accumulation of Abeta, facilitating plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Russo
- Division Of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2085 Adelbert Road, 44106 Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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16
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Odetti P, Angelini G, Dapino D, Zaccheo D, Garibaldi S, Dagna-Bricarelli F, Piombo G, Perry G, Smith M, Traverso N, Tabaton M. Early glycoxidation damage in brains from Down's syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 243:849-51. [PMID: 9501012 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In Down's syndrome, the presence of three copies of chromosome 21 is associated with premature aging and progressive mental retardation sharing the pathological features of Alzheimer disease. Early cortical dysgenesis and late neuronal degeneration are probably caused by an overproduction of amyloid beta-peptide, followed by an increased cellular oxidation. Interestingly, chromosome 21 codes for superoxide-dismutase and amyloid beta precursor resulting, in Down's syndrome, in an overflow of these gene products and metabolites. We studied Down's fetal brain cortex to evaluate the presence and amount of lipid and protein oxidation markers; moreover, we quantified two forms of glycation end products that are known to be involved in the process of cellular oxidation. All these parameters are significantly increased in Down's fetal brains in comparison to controls, providing the evidence that accelerated brain glycoxidation occurs very early in the life of Down's syndrome subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Odetti
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, Italy
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17
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Novelli G, Calzà L, Amicucci P, Giardino L, Pozza M, Silani V, Pizzuti A, Gennarelli M, Piombo G, Capon F, Dallapiccola B. Expression study of survival motor neuron gene in human fetal tissues. Biochem Mol Med 1997; 61:102-6. [PMID: 9232204 DOI: 10.1006/bmme.1997.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) disease processes, the expression of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN) has been analyzed in human fetal tissues using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. These studies allowed the detection of SMN RNA in all the examined tissues, with no significant variation between different developmental stages. In particular, SMN mRNA was detected in spinal cord (dorsal and ventral portions), skeletal muscle, lung, heart, kidney, liver, and spleen. Moreover, RT-PCR studies demonstrated that the expression pattern of SMN isoforms was similar to that observed in adult tissues. The present data confirm a housekeeping role for the SMN protein and may have implications on the search for early therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Novelli
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Grasso M, Perroni L, Colella S, Piombo G, Argusti A, Lituania M, Buscaglia M, Giussani U, Grimoldi MG, Bricarelli FD. Prenatal diagnosis of 30 fetuses at risk for fragile X syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1996; 64:187-90. [PMID: 8826473 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960712)64:1<187::aid-ajmg33>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The results of 30 prenatal diagnoses for fragile X syndrome are reported. Amniotic fluid cells were examined in 1 case, fetal blood in 4, and chorionic villi samples in the others. Of the 5 fetuses analyzed by cytogenetic methods, 1 had showed 4% of fraXq27.3 expression sites and the pregnancy was terminated. For 1 diagnosis, linkage analysis was used: the female fetus turned out to be normal. In 24 fetuses, the direct analysis of the mutation by StB12.3 probe was performed: 6 female and 3 male fetuses were found to carry a full mutation and 1 female fetus was found to carry a premutation. In 3 cases, the diagnoses were verified on fetal blood samples. Several tissues of 2 aborted male fetuses were analyzed for the fragile X mutation. The results are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grasso
- Centro di Genetica Umana, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
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19
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Perfumo C, Arslanian A, Zara F, Piombo G, Pierluigi M. [Non-radioactive in situ hybridization of alpha-satellite sequences in cytogenetic diagnosis]. Pathologica 1992; 84:363-9. [PMID: 1465321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non isotopic in situ hybridization with alpha-satellite DNA probes in the cytogenetic diagnosis. Standard banding cytogenetic techniques do not always allow to define the structure and the origin of chromosome rearrangements involving the centromere region. Non-isotopic in situ hybridization of alphoid sequences has allowed to determine the origin of the centromeres in the metaphases of 5 patients referred to us for: 2 structural rearrangements involving chromosome 21, 2 structural rearrangements involving chromosome Y and 1 reciprocal translocation involving on chromosome 20 and one chromosome 15.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Spontaneous/genetics
- Adult
- Child
- Chromosome Aberrations/pathology
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/ultrastructure
- DNA Probes
- DNA, Satellite/analysis
- Down Syndrome/genetics
- Down Syndrome/pathology
- Dwarfism/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Markers
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Oligospermia/genetics
- Pregnancy
- Translocation, Genetic
- Y Chromosome/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- C Perfumo
- Centro Studi Regionale Sindrome di Down, Genova
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20
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Doria Lamba Carbone L, Piombo G, Dagna Bricarelli F. AFP and chromosomal diseases. J Nucl Med Allied Sci 1989; 33:67-71. [PMID: 2480427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Piombo G, Lozano YF. Automated procedure for routine analysis of tryptophan in cereal and legume food samples. J Agric Food Chem 1980; 28:489-496. [PMID: 7391390 DOI: 10.1021/jf60229a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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