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Gorokhov G, Bychanok D, Gayduchenko I, Rogov Y, Zhukova E, Zhukov S, Kadyrov L, Fedorov G, Ivanov E, Kotsilkova R, Macutkevic J, Kuzhir P. THz Spectroscopy as a Versatile Tool for Filler Distribution Diagnostics in Polymer Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3037. [PMID: 33353036 PMCID: PMC7767186 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer composites containing nanocarbon fillers are under intensive investigation worldwide due to their remarkable electromagnetic properties distinguished not only by components as such, but the distribution and interaction of the fillers inside the polymer matrix. The theory herein reveals that a particular effect connected with the homogeneity of a composite manifests itself in the terahertz range. Transmission time-domain terahertz spectroscopy was applied to the investigation of nanocomposites obtained by co-extrusion of PLA polymer with additions of graphene nanoplatelets and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The THz peak of permittivity's imaginary part predicted by the applied model was experimentally shown for GNP-containing composites both below and above the percolation threshold. The physical nature of the peak was explained by the impact on filler particles excluded from the percolation network due to the peculiarities of filler distribution. Terahertz spectroscopy as a versatile instrument of filler distribution diagnostics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Gorokhov
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya Str., 11, 220006 Minsk, Belarus; (D.B.); (P.K.)
- Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Dzmitry Bychanok
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya Str., 11, 220006 Minsk, Belarus; (D.B.); (P.K.)
- Radiophysics Department, Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Igor Gayduchenko
- Moscow Pedagogical State University, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., 1/1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yuriy Rogov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per., 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (Y.R.); (E.Z.); (S.Z.); (L.K.); (G.F.)
| | - Elena Zhukova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per., 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (Y.R.); (E.Z.); (S.Z.); (L.K.); (G.F.)
| | - Sergei Zhukov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per., 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (Y.R.); (E.Z.); (S.Z.); (L.K.); (G.F.)
| | - Lenar Kadyrov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per., 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (Y.R.); (E.Z.); (S.Z.); (L.K.); (G.F.)
| | - Georgy Fedorov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per., 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (Y.R.); (E.Z.); (S.Z.); (L.K.); (G.F.)
| | - Evgeni Ivanov
- OLEM, Institute of Mechanics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.I.); (R.K.)
- Research and Development of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies (NanoTech Lab Ltd.), Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Kotsilkova
- OLEM, Institute of Mechanics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.I.); (R.K.)
| | - Jan Macutkevic
- Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya Str., 11, 220006 Minsk, Belarus; (D.B.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Bychanok D, Gorokhov G, Plyushch A, Ronca A, Lavorgna M, Xia H, Lamberti P, Kuzhir P. Terahertz Optics of Materials with Spatially Harmonically Distributed Refractive Index. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13225208. [PMID: 33218027 PMCID: PMC7698603 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electromagnetic properties of structures with spatially periodic distributed graded refractive index were investigated in the terahertz frequency range. The band structure and electromagnetic response of material with harmonically distributed refractive index were calculated and analyzed. The analytical expressions for frequencies of the first and second bandgap are derived. 3D printed gyroid based architectures were proven to be harmonically graded refractive index structures with designed bandgaps in THz frequency ranges. The transmission coefficient of thermoplastic polyurethane-based samples were experimentally measured in the frequency range 100–500 GHz and compared with theoretical results. Due to losses in the real world produced samples, the predicted response is significantly dumped in the terahertz range and only traces of band gaps are experimentally observed. This funding paves the way toward a new generation of 3D printed THz components for gradient-index optics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Bychanok
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (A.P.); (P.K.)
- Radioelectronics Department, Faculty of Radiophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Prospekt, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Gleb Gorokhov
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (A.P.); (P.K.)
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Artyom Plyushch
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (A.P.); (P.K.)
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alfredo Ronca
- Institute of Polymer, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via G.PreViati, 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Marino Lavorgna
- Institute of Polymer, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via G.PreViati, 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Hesheng Xia
- Institute of Polymer, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via G.PreViati, 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.R.); (M.L.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Patrizia Lamberti
- Dept. of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (A.P.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Rollo G, Ronca A, Cerruti P, Gan XP, Fei G, Xia H, Gorokhov G, Bychanok D, Kuzhir P, Lavorgna M, Ambrosio L. On the Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets to Enhance the Functional Properties of SLS 3D-Printed Elastomeric Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081841. [PMID: 32824584 PMCID: PMC7465336 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastomer-based porous structures realized by selective laser sintering (SLS) are emerging as a new class of attractive multifunctional materials. Herein, a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) powder for SLS was modified by 1 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) or a mixture of MWCNTs and graphene (GE) nanoparticles (70/30 wt/wt) in order to investigate on both the synergistic effect provided by the two conductive nanostructured carbonaceous fillers and the correlation between formulation, morphology, and final properties of SLS printed porous structures. In detail, porous structures with a porosity ranging from 20% to 60% were designed using Diamond (D) and Gyroid (G) unit cells. Results showed that the carbonaceous fillers improve the thermal stability of the elastomeric matrix. Furthermore, the TPU/1 wt.% MWCNTs-GE-based porous structures exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. In particular, all porous structures exhibit a robust negative piezoresistive behavior, as demonstrated from the gauge factor (GF) values that reach values of about −13 at 8% strain. Furthermore, the G20 porous structures (20% of porosity) exhibit microwave absorption coefficients ranging from 0.70 to 0.91 in the 12–18 GHz region and close to 1 at THz frequencies (300 GHz–1 THz). Results show that the simultaneous presence of MWCNTs and GE brings a significant enhancement of specific functional properties of the porous structures, which are proposed as potential actuators with relevant electro-magnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Rollo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei, 34-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.R.); (P.C.); (L.A.)
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Previati, 1, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Alfredo Ronca
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Previati, 1, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council Viale J.F. Kennedy, 54-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei, 34-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.R.); (P.C.); (L.A.)
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Previati, 1, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Xin Peng Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (X.P.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Guoxia Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (X.P.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Hesheng Xia
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Previati, 1, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (X.P.G.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (M.L.)
| | - Gleb Gorokhov
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya 11, 220006 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (D.B.); (P.K.)
- Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dzmitry Bychanok
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya 11, 220006 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (D.B.); (P.K.)
- Radiophysics department, Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya 11, 220006 Minsk, Belarus; (G.G.); (D.B.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Marino Lavorgna
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Previati, 1, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, P. le Enrico Fermi, 1-80055 Portici (NA), Italy
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (M.L.)
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei, 34-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.R.); (P.C.); (L.A.)
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Bychanok D, Gorokhov G, Meisak D, Plyushch A, Kuzhir P, Sokal A, Lapko K, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Fierro V, Celzard A, Gallagher C, Hibbins AP, Ogrin FY, Brosseau C. EXPLORING CARBON NANOTUBES/BATIO3/FE3O4 NANOCOMPOSITES AS MICROWAVE ABSORBERS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2528/pierc16051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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