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Smith ME, Wahl D, Cavalier AN, McWilliams GT, Rossman MJ, Giordano GR, Bryan AD, Seals DR, LaRocca TJ. Repetitive element transcript accumulation is associated with inflammaging in humans. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01126-y. [PMID: 38641753 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic, low-grade inflammation increases with aging, contributing to functional declines and diseases that reduce healthspan. Growing evidence suggests that transcripts from repetitive elements (RE) in the genome contribute to this "inflammaging" by stimulating innate immune activation, but evidence of RE-associated inflammation with aging in humans is limited. Here, we present transcriptomic and clinical data showing that RE transcript levels are positively related to gene expression of innate immune sensors, and to serum interleukin 6 (a marker of systemic inflammation), in a large group of middle-aged and older adults. We also: (1) use transcriptomics and whole-genome bisulfite (methylation) sequencing to show that many RE may be hypomethylated with aging, and that aerobic exercise, a healthspan-extending intervention, reduces RE transcript levels and increases RE methylation in older adults; and (2) extend our findings in a secondary dataset demonstrating age-related changes in RE chromatin accessibility. Collectively, our data support the idea that age-related RE transcript accumulation may play a role in inflammaging in humans, and that RE dysregulation with aging may be due in part to upstream epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Smith
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alyssa N Cavalier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gabriella T McWilliams
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Gregory R Giordano
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Gibson LP, Giordano GR, Bidwell LC, Hutchison KE, Bryan AD. Acute Effects of Ad Libitum Use of Commercially Available Cannabis Products on the Subjective Experience of Aerobic Exercise: A Crossover Study. Sports Med 2024; 54:1051-1066. [PMID: 38147185 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the acute effects of legal-market cannabis on regular cannabis users' subjective responses to exercise in a controlled laboratory environment. BACKGROUND Given the stereotype that cannabis is associated with extreme sedentary behavior, there are concerns that cannabis legalization may exacerbate the US physical inactivity epidemic. However, despite these concerns, recent years have seen considerable public interest in the use of cannabis concurrently with exercise (e.g., running). METHODS The present study compared participants' experiences of exercise without cannabis to their experiences of exercise after acute ad libitum use of one of two commercially available cannabis flower products: a Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-dominant or a cannabidiol-dominant product. Participants (N = 42) were regular cannabis users between the ages of 21 and 39 years (mean = 30.81 years, standard deviation = 4.72 years). RESULTS Although participants reported a more positive affect (p < 0.001), enjoyment (p < 0.001), and runner's high symptoms (p < 0.001) during their cannabis (vs non-cannabis) exercise appointment, they also reported more exertion (p = 0.04). Pain levels were very low and did not differ between appointments (p = 0.45). Effects appeared to depend, in part, on cannabinoid content; there was a larger difference in enjoyment (p = 0.02), and a smaller difference in exertion (p = 0.02), between the cannabis and non-cannabis exercise appointments among participants in the cannabidiol (vs Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) condition. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the acute effects of commercially available cannabis on subjective responses to exercise in a laboratory environment. Our findings suggest that, among regular cannabis users who use cannabis in combination with exercise, cannabis use prior to exercise may lead to increases in both positive and negative aspects of the subjective exercise experience. Research using diverse samples, exercise modalities, and methodologies (e.g., placebo-controlled trials) is needed to establish the generalizability of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel P Gibson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Gregory R Giordano
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - L Cinnamon Bidwell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kent E Hutchison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Gibson LP, Skrzynski CJ, Giordano GR, Bryan AD. A daily diary investigation of cannabis use and its diet and exercise correlates. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1217144. [PMID: 37599724 PMCID: PMC10436564 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing availability of legal-market cannabis products has raised many questions about potential harms and benefits of increased use. In particular, concerns have been raised about the possible negative impact of cannabis use on behavioral determinants of obesity and chronic disease, including diet and exercise. However, previous research is mixed and has largely relied on cross-sectional survey data and coarse measurements of cannabis use, underscoring the need for more rigorous research designs. Purpose The present study utilized longitudinal daily diary data to assess whether exercise and diet patterns differed between cannabis users and non-users and, within cannabis users, whether legal-market cannabis use, diet, and exercise covaried within individuals across time and based on cannabinoid content. Methods A sample of 98 participants (77 cannabis users, 21 non-users) completed a baseline appointment and a 30-day daily diary study assessing their daily cannabis use, diet, and exercise. Cannabis users were quasi-randomly assigned to use either a THC-dominant flower product (n = 36) or a CBD-containing flower product (n = 41) ad libitum over the course of the daily diary study. Participants were between the ages of 21 and 41 (M = 29.28) and were majority male (61.2%). Results At baseline, there were no differences in BMI or exercise behavior between users and non-users. Likelihood of exercising and exercise minutes per day over the 30-day period also did not differ between users and non-users, nor did these outcomes differ on cannabis use vs. non-use days among cannabis using participants. In contrast, there was some evidence for a relationship between cannabis use and dietary measures. At baseline, non-users scored higher on the Healthy Eating Index than users. Daily data also indicated that users consumed marginally more salty snacks and fast food per day relative to non-users, and users consumed more fruits/vegetables and marginally more salty snacks on cannabis use days vs. non-use days. Interestingly, among users, no associations were dependent on the cannabinoid content of their assigned product. Conclusion Findings suggest little association between cannabis use and exercise but underscore the need for further research on how cannabis use may impact dietary patterns. Future research should examine the impact of cannabis on non-behavioral pathways to obesity and chronic disease (e.g., metabolism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel P. Gibson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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Stevens CJ, Gillman AS, Giordano GR, Bryan AD. Modeling longitudinal variation in affective response to exercise across a 16-week randomized control trial (RCT). Health Psychol 2021; 40:928-939. [PMID: 32969699 PMCID: PMC7987890 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Consistent with the Science of Behavior Change (SOBC) experimental medicine approach, this early phase intervention development study examines the influence of an intervention strategy (exercise training) on a behavioral health outcome (exercise engagement) in the service of addressing a widespread threat to public health (physical inactivity). Method: Physically inactive participants (N = 201) were randomly assigned to one of four exercise training conditions fully crossed on intensity (moderate, vigorous) and duration (short, long). Training occurred over 16-weeks and in-bout assessments of affective response (valence) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected during Weeks 1, 4, 8, and 16. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO₂max) was assessed pre- or postintervention and exercise behavior was assessed at 6-months postintervention follow-up. Results: Across conditions, affective response to exercise did not change, on average, over 16-weeks. Conversely, RPE decreased slightly, on average, over time. Participants completing vigorous intensity exercise reported more negatively valenced affective response and higher RPE, on average, across weeks. Greater total exercise volume completed and greater change in VO₂max were associated with more negatively valenced affective response, on average. Baseline affective response scores were positively associated with exercise minutes at follow-up; however, average affective response scores across the intervention were not associated with minutes of exercise at follow-up. Conclusions: Affective response to exercise did not become more positive in valence over time as a function of training volume or change in VO₂max. Implications for translating these findings to inform future intervention development efforts are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Davis JL, Paris HL, Beals JW, Binns SE, Giordano GR, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Blair E, Bell C. Liposomal-encapsulated Ascorbic Acid: Influence on Vitamin C Bioavailability and Capacity to Protect Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:25-30. [PMID: 27375360 PMCID: PMC4915787 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s39764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous administration of vitamin C has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and, in some instances, improve physiological function in adult humans. Oral vitamin C administration is typically less effective than intravenous, due in part to inferior vitamin C bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral delivery of vitamin C encapsulated in liposomes. On 4 separate randomly ordered occasions, 11 men and women were administered an oral placebo, or 4 g of vitamin C via oral, oral liposomal, or intravenous delivery. The data indicate that oral delivery of 4 g of vitamin C encapsulated in liposomes (1) produces circulating concentrations of vitamin C that are greater than unencapsulated oral but less than intravenous administration and (2) provides protection from ischemia–reperfusion-mediated oxidative stress that is similar to the protection provided by unencapsulated oral and intravenous administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle L Davis
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joseph W Beals
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Scott E Binns
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gregory R Giordano
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca L Scalzo
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melani M Schweder
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emek Blair
- Empirical Labs, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.; Nutritional Biomimetics LLC, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.; Present address: Valimenta Labs, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher Bell
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Scalzo RL, Binns SE, Klochak AL, Giordano GR, Paris HL, Sevits KJ, Beals JW, Biela LM, Larson DG, Luckasen GJ, Irwin D, Schroeder T, Hamilton KL, Bell C. Methazolamide Plus Aminophylline Abrogates Hypoxia-Mediated Endurance Exercise Impairment. High Alt Med Biol 2015; 16:331-42. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2015.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Scalzo
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Scott E. Binns
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Anna L. Klochak
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Gregory R. Giordano
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Hunter L.R. Paris
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kyle J. Sevits
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Joseph W. Beals
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laurie M. Biela
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Dennis G. Larson
- Heart Center of the Rockies, University of Colorado Health, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Gary J. Luckasen
- Heart Center of the Rockies, University of Colorado Health, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - David Irwin
- University of Colorado–Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Thies Schroeder
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Christopher Bell
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Scalzo RL, Peltonen GL, Binns SE, Shankaran M, Giordano GR, Hartley DA, Klochak AL, Lonac MC, Paris HLR, Szallar SE, Wood LM, Peelor FF, Holmes WE, Hellerstein MK, Bell C, Hamilton KL, Miller BF. Greater muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in males compared with females during sprint interval training. FASEB J 2014; 28:2705-14. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-246595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Scalzo
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Garrett L. Peltonen
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Scott E. Binns
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | | | - Gregory R. Giordano
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Dylan A. Hartley
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Anna L. Klochak
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Mark C. Lonac
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Hunter L. R. Paris
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Steve E. Szallar
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Lacey M. Wood
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Frederick F. Peelor
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | | | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- KineMed, Inc.EmeryvilleCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and ToxicologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christopher Bell
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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Beals JW, Le CH, Scalzo RL, Binns SE, Giordano GR, Klochak AL, Paris HL, Sevits KE, Bell C, Chicco AJ. Influence of sprint interval training on skeletal muscle mitochondria as determined by high‐resolution respirometry. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1132.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Beals
- Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
| | - Catherine H Le
- Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
| | - Rebecca L Scalzo
- Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
| | - Scott E Binns
- Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
| | | | - Anna L Klochak
- Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
| | - Kyle E Sevits
- Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
| | - Christopher Bell
- Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
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