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Lewik G, Lewik G, Müller LS, von Glinski A, Schulte TL, Lange T. Postoperative Epidural Fibrosis: Challenges and Opportunities - A Review. Spine Surg Relat Res 2024; 8:133-142. [PMID: 38618214 PMCID: PMC11007250 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2023-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Postoperative epidural fibrosis (EF) is still a major limitation to the success of spine surgery. Fibrotic adhesions in the epidural space, initiated via local trauma and inflammation, can induce difficult-to-treat pain and constitute the main cause of failed back surgery syndrome, which not uncommonly requires operative revision. Manifold agents and methods have been tested for EF relief in order to mitigate this longstanding health burden and its socioeconomic consequences. Although several promising strategies could be identified, few have thus far overcome the high translational hurdle, and there has been little change in standard clinical practice. Nonetheless, notable research progress in the field has put new exciting avenues on the horizon. In this review, we outline the etiology and pathogenesis of EF, portray its clinical and surgical presentation, and critically appraise current efforts and novel approaches toward enhanced prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lewik
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum - St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerrit Lewik
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena S Müller
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander von Glinski
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum - St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias L Schulte
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum - St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum - St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Short S, Lewik G, Issa F. An Immune Atlas of T Cells in Transplant Rejection: Pathways and Therapeutic Opportunities. Transplantation 2023; 107:2341-2352. [PMID: 37026708 PMCID: PMC10593150 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Short-term outcomes in allotransplantation are excellent due to technical and pharmacological advances; however, improvement in long-term outcomes has been limited. Recurrent episodes of acute cellular rejection, a primarily T cell-mediated response to transplanted tissue, have been implicated in the development of chronic allograft dysfunction and loss. Although it is well established that acute cellular rejection is primarily a CD4 + and CD8 + T cell mediated response, significant heterogeneity exists within these cell compartments. During immune responses, naïve CD4 + T cells are activated and subsequently differentiate into specific T helper subsets under the influence of the local cytokine milieu. These subsets have distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics, with reported differences in their contribution to rejection responses specifically. Of particular relevance are the regulatory subsets and their potential to promote tolerance of allografts. Unraveling the specific contributions of these cell subsets in the context of transplantation is complex, but may reveal new avenues of therapeutic intervention for the prevention of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Short
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Lewik
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Lewik G, Issa F. Research Highlights. Transplantation 2023; 107:1646-1647. [PMID: 37476863 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lewik
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Short S, Lewik G, Issa F. Research Highlights. Transplantation 2023; 107:797-798. [PMID: 37779390 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Short
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lewik G, Müller LS, Lewik G. First case report of rheumatoid-like paraneoplastic polyarthritis in a patient with Fallopian tube cancer. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2023; 7:rkad041. [PMID: 37122807 PMCID: PMC10130188 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lewik
- Correspondence to: Guido Lewik, Translational Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. E-mail:
| | - Lena S Müller
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerrit Lewik
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Lewik G, Beckett J, Issa F. Research Highlights. Transplantation 2022; 106:2267-2268. [PMID: 37578283 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lewik
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for end-stage organ failure. However, despite advances in immunosuppression, donor matching, tissue typing, and organ preservation, many organs are still lost each year to rejection. Ultimately, tolerance in the absence of immunosuppression is the goal, and although this seldom occurs spontaneously, a deeper understanding of alloimmunity may provide avenues for future therapies which aid in its establishment. Here, we highlight the recent key advances in our understanding of the allograft response. On the innate side, recent work has highlighted the previously unrecognised role of innate lymphoid cells as well as natural killer cells in promoting the alloresponse. The two major routes of allorecognition have recently been joined by a third newly identified pathway, semi-direct allorecognition, which is proving to be a key active pathway in transplantation. Through this review, we detail these newly defined areas in the allograft response and highlight areas for potential future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Hennessy
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Guido Lewik
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Amy Cross
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Luo M, Lewik G, Ratcliffe JC, Choi CHJ, Mäkilä E, Tong WY, Voelcker NH. Systematic Evaluation of Transferrin-Modified Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin to Glioblastoma. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:33637-33649. [PMID: 31433156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a dire need to develop more effective therapeutics to combat brain cancer such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). An ideal treatment is expected to target deliver chemotherapeutics to glioma cells across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The overexpression of transferrin (Tf) receptor (TfR) on the BBB and the GBM cell surfaces but not on the surrounding cells renders TfR a promising target. While porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) have been intensely studied as a delivery vehicle due to their high biocompatibility, degradability, and drug-loading capacity, the potential to target deliver drugs with transferrin (Tf)-functionalized pSiNPs remains unaddressed. Here, we developed and systematically evaluated Tf-functionalized pSiNPs (Tf@pSiNPs) as a glioma-targeted drug delivery system. These nanoparticles showed excellent colloidal stability and had a low toxicity profile. As compared with nontargeted pSiNPs, Tf@pSiNPs were selective to BBB-forming cells and GBM cells and were efficiently internalized through clathrin receptor-mediated endocytosis. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) was effectively loaded (8.8 wt %) and released from Tf@pSiNPs in a pH-responsive manner over 24 h. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that Dox delivered by Tf@pSiNPs induced significantly enhanced cytotoxicity to GBM cells across an in vitro BBB monolayer compared with free Dox. Overall, Tf@pSiNPs offer a potential toolbox for enabling targeted therapy to treat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Luo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University , Parkville Campus , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Guido Lewik
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University , Parkville Campus , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
- Faculty of Medicine , Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum 44801 , Germany
| | - Julian Charles Ratcliffe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) , Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia
| | - Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Industrial Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Turku , Turku 20014 , Finland
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University , Parkville Campus , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) , Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University , Parkville Campus , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) , Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility , 151 Wellington Road , Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , 14 Alliance Lane , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
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Schweiger T, Schwarz S, Traxler D, Lewik G, Aigner C, Lang G, Klepetko W, Hoetzenecker K. How to do it: Indocyaningrün – Fluoreszenzbronchoskopie zur Darstellung der Blutperfusion der Anastomose nach trachealchirurgischen Eingriffen. Zentralbl Chir 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1587560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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