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Döring M, De Azevedo K, Blanco-Rodriguez G, Nadalin F, Satoh T, Gentili M, Lahaye X, De Silva NS, Conrad C, Jouve M, Centlivre M, Lévy Y, Manel N. Single-cell analysis reveals divergent responses of human dendritic cells to the MVA vaccine. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/697/eabd9720. [PMID: 34429383 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd9720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is a live, attenuated human smallpox vaccine and a vector for the development of new vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. Efficient activation of the immune system by MVA partially relies on its encounter with dendritic cells (DCs). MVA infection of DCs leads to multiple outcomes, including cytokine production, activation of costimulatory molecules for T cell stimulation, and cell death. Here, we examined how these diverse responses are orchestrated in human DCs. Single-cell analyses revealed that the response to MVA infection in DCs was limited to early viral gene expression. In response to the early events in the viral cycle, we found that DCs grouped into three distinct clusters. A cluster of infected cells sensed the MVA genome by the intracellular innate immunity pathway mediated by cGAS, STING, TBK1, and IRF3 and subsequently produced inflammatory cytokines. In response to these cytokines, a cluster of noninfected bystander cells increased costimulatory molecule expression. A separate cluster of infected cells underwent caspase-dependent apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis persisted after inhibition of innate immunity pathway mediators independently of previously described IRF-dependent or replication-dependent pathways and was a response to early MVA gene expression. Together, our study identified multiple mechanisms that underlie the interactions of MVA with human DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Döring
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Kevin De Azevedo
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillermo Blanco-Rodriguez
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Francesca Nadalin
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Takeshi Satoh
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Gentili
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Lahaye
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nilushi S De Silva
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Conrad
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mabel Jouve
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mireille Centlivre
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM U955, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM U955, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France. .,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, Paris, France
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Blanco-Rodriguez G, Di Nunzio F. The Viral Capsid: A Master Key to Access the Host Nucleus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061178. [PMID: 34203080 PMCID: PMC8234750 DOI: 10.3390/v13061178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are pathogens that have evolved to hijack the cellular machinery to replicate themselves and spread to new cells. During the course of evolution, viruses developed different strategies to overcome the cellular defenses and create new progeny. Among them, some RNA and many DNA viruses require access to the nucleus to replicate their genome. In non-dividing cells, viruses can only access the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Therefore, viruses have developed strategies to usurp the nuclear transport machinery and gain access to the nucleus. The majority of these viruses use the capsid to manipulate the nuclear import machinery. However, the particular tactics employed by each virus to reach the host chromatin compartment are very different. Nevertheless, they all require some degree of capsid remodeling. Recent notions on the interplay between the viral capsid and cellular factors shine new light on the quest for the nuclear entry step and for the fate of these viruses. In this review, we describe the main components and function of nuclear transport machinery. Next, we discuss selected examples of RNA and DNA viruses (HBV, HSV, adenovirus, and HIV) that remodel their capsid as part of their strategies to access the nucleus and to replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco-Rodriguez
- Advanced Molecular Virology and Retroviral Dynamics Group, Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France;
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Curie Institute, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Francesca Di Nunzio
- Advanced Molecular Virology and Retroviral Dynamics Group, Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France;
- Correspondence:
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di Nunzio F, Blanco-Rodriguez G, Gazi A, Monel B, Frabetti S, Scoca V, Schwartz O, Krijnse-Locker J, Charneau P. Remodeling of the core leads HIV-1 pre-integration complex into the nucleus of human lymphocytes. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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