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Scholtz L, Tavernaro I, Eckert JG, Lutowski M, Geißler D, Hertwig A, Hidde G, Bigall NC, Resch-Genger U. Influence of nanoparticle encapsulation and encoding on the surface chemistry of polymer carrier beads. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11957. [PMID: 37488159 PMCID: PMC10366211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-functionalized polymer beads encoded with molecular luminophores and nanocrystalline emitters such as semiconductor nanocrystals, often referred to as quantum dots (QDs), or magnetic nanoparticles are broadly used in the life sciences as reporters and carrier beads. Many of these applications require a profound knowledge of the chemical nature and total number of their surface functional groups (FGs), that control bead charge, colloidal stability, hydrophobicity, and the interaction with the environment and biological systems. For bioanalytical applications, also the number of groups accessible for the subsequent functionalization with, e.g., biomolecules or targeting ligands is relevant. In this study, we explore the influence of QD encoding on the amount of carboxylic acid (COOH) surface FGs of 2 µm polystyrene microparticles (PSMPs). This is done for frequently employed oleic acid and oleylamine stabilized, luminescent core/shell CdSe QDs and two commonly used encoding procedures. This included QD addition during bead formation by a thermally induced polymerization reaction and a post synthetic swelling procedure. The accessible number of COOH groups on the surface of QD-encoded and pristine beads was quantified by two colorimetric assays, utilizing differently sized reporters and electrostatic and covalent interactions. The results were compared to the total number of FGs obtained by a conductometric titration and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, a comparison of the impact of QD and dye encoding on the bead surface chemistry was performed. Our results demonstrate the influence of QD encoding and the QD-encoding strategy on the number of surface FG that is ascribed to an interaction of the QDs with the carboxylic acid groups on the bead surface. These findings are of considerable relevance for applications of nanoparticle-encoded beads and safe-by-design concepts for nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Scholtz
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Tavernaro
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Gerrit Eckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Lutowski
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Geißler
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- PolyAn GmbH, Schkopauer Ring 6, 12681, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hertwig
- Division 6.1 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gundula Hidde
- Division 6.1 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Omar H, Hidde G, Szymoniak P, Hertwig A, Schönhals A. Growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) and its effect on the glass transition behavior in thin films. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14473-14483. [PMID: 37179996 PMCID: PMC10173819 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02020g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The glass transition behavior of thin films of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBAC) was studied employing ellipsometry. The glass transition temperature increases with the reduction of the film thickness. This result is attributed to the formation of an adsorbed layer with a reduced mobility compared to bulk PBAC. Therefore, for the first time, the growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of PBAC was investigated, prepared by leaching samples from a 200 nm thin film which were annealed for several times at three different temperatures. The thickness of each prepared adsorbed layer was measured by multiple scans using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, an unannealed sample was measured. Comparison of the measurements of the unannealed and the annealed samples provides proof of a pre-growth regime for all annealing temperatures which was not observed for other polymers. For the lowest annealing temperature after the pre-growth stage only a growth regime with a linear time dependence is observed. For higher annealing temperatures the growth kinetics changes from a linear to a logarithmic growth regime at a critical time. At the longest annealing times the films showed signs of dewetting where segments of the adsorbed film were removed from the substrate (dewetting by desorption). The dependence of the surface roughness of the PBAC surface on annealing time also confirmed that the films annealed at highest temperatures for the longest times desorbed from the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Omar
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany +49 30/8104-1617 +49 30/8104-3384
| | - Gundula Hidde
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany +49 30/8104-1617 +49 30/8104-3384
| | - Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany +49 30/8104-1617 +49 30/8104-3384
| | - Andreas Hertwig
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany +49 30/8104-1617 +49 30/8104-3384
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany +49 30/8104-1617 +49 30/8104-3384
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Lukowiak MC, Wettmarshausen S, Hidde G, Landsberger P, Boenke V, Rodenacker K, Braun U, Friedrich JF, Gorbushina AA, Haag R. Polyglycerol coated polypropylene surfaces for protein and bacteria resistance. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyglycerol coated polypropylene films were prepared in two steps by plasma bromination and grafting of polyglycerol. Films were characterized and their bioinertness against proteins and bacteria was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike C. Lukowiak
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Gundula Hidde
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- 12200 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Petra Landsberger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- 12200 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Viola Boenke
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- 12200 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Karsten Rodenacker
- Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Institute of Computational Biology
- 85764 Neuherberg
- Germany
| | - Ulrike Braun
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- 12200 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jörg F. Friedrich
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- 12200 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Anna A. Gorbushina
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- 12200 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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Stelzer J, Caro J, Habel D, Feike E, Schubert H, Fait M, Hidde G. Hierarchical Nano-structuring of Metal Oxide Catalysts– Part 1: Influence of Nano-structuring on the Activity of the Catalysts. Chem Eng Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200403170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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