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Wang TZ, Zuo GW, Yao L, Yuan CL, Li HF, Lai Y, Chen ZW, Zhang J, Jin YQ, Yamahara J, Wang JW. Ursolic acid ameliorates adipose tissue insulin resistance in aged rats via activating the Akt-glucose transporter 4 signaling pathway and inhibiting inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1466. [PMID: 34737806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing often results in insulin resistance (IR) and chronic inflammation, and adipose is one of the tissues in which inflammation and IR occur earliest during this process. The present study investigated the effect and underlying mechanisms of ursolic acid (UA) on adipose IR and inflammation in ageing rats. Specific pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: i) Young normal (young); ii) untreated ageing (aged); and groups supplemented with UA either iii) low-UA 10 mg/kg (UA-L) or iv) high-50 mg/kg (UA-H). Animals in the UA-treated groups received 10 or 50 mg/kg UA (suspended in 5% Gum Arabic solution). The rats in the corresponding aged group and young groups received vehicle (5% Gum Arabic) alone. All rats were intragastrically treated once daily by oral gavage for 7 weeks. The day before the experiment terminated, overnight fasting blood (~700 µl) was collected and plasma was prepared to measure biochemical indicators; western blotting was performed to analyze the expression of insulin signaling proteins [(insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), phosphorylated (p)-IRS-1, PI3K, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), Akt and p-Akt)] and inflammatory factors (NF-κB, IL-6 and IL-1β) in the epididymis white adipose tissue (eWAT). The results revealed that treatment with UA-H decreased eWAT weight, the ratio of eWAT weight/body weight, fasted insulin and triglyceride levels, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and adipose tissue insulin resistance index in ageing rats, indicating the amelioration of systemic and adipose tissue IR, compared with the aged group. Mechanistically, UA-H administration upregulated p-protein kinase B, the ratio of p-Akt to protein kinase B and total and cellular membrane GLUT4 protein levels in eWAT of ageing rats. Conversely, UA inhibited the increase in NF-κB expression and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. However, these alterations were not observed in the rats of the aged group. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicated that UA may ameliorate adipose IR, which is associated with activation of the Akt-GLUT4 signaling pathway and inhibition of inflammation in ageing rats. These data provide a basis for the development of effective and safe drugs or functional substances, such as UA, for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Zhuang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Laboratory of Medical Tests, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Lin Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Fei Li
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Jin
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | | | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Su X, Wei Y, Cao J, Wu X, Mou D, Luo J, Li A, Zuo GW, Tang M. CCN3 and DLL1 co-regulate osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts in a Hey1-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1188. [PMID: 30538222 PMCID: PMC6289993 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways to regulate intercellular signal transduction and is crucial in the regulation of bone regeneration. Nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV or CCN3) serves as a non-canonical secreted ligand of Notch signaling pathway and its role in the process of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was undefined. Here we conducted a comprehensive study on this issue. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that CCN3 significantly inhibited the early and late osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), the expression of osteogenesis-related factors, and the subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis of MEFs in nude mice. In mechanism studies, we found that CCN3 significantly inhibited the expression of BMP9 and the activation of BMP/Smad and BMP/MAPK signaling pathways. There was also a mutual inhibition between CCN3 and DLL1, one of the classic membrane protein ligands of Notch signaling pathway. Additionally, we further found that Hey1, the target gene shared by BMP and Notch signaling pathways, partially reversed the inhibitory effect of CCN3 on osteoblastic differentiation of MEFs. In summary, our findings suggested that CCN3 significantly inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of MEFs. The inhibitory effect of CCN3 was mainly through the inhibition of BMP signaling and the mutual inhibition with DLL1, so as to inhibit the expression of Hey1, the target gene shared by BMP and Notch signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yalin Wei
- Xi'an No.4 Hospital, 710004, Xi'an, China
| | - Junjie Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, 710082, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiulin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Army Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Daiyong Mou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Aifang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Chest Hospital, 710100, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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Li JX, Ke DZ, Yao L, Wang S, Ma P, Liu L, Zuo GW, Jiang LR, Wang JW. Response of genes involved in lipid metabolism in rat epididymal white adipose tissue to different fasting conditions after long-term fructose consumption. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:336-341. [PMID: 28131831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There has been much concern regarding the dietary fructose contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. High-fructose diet changes the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Levels of a number of hepatic lipogenic enzymes are increased by a high-carbohydrate diet in fasted-refed model rats/mice. Both the white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver play a key role in the maintenance of nutrient homeostasis. Here, the aim of this study was to analyze the expression of key genes related to lipid metabolism in epididymal WAT (eWAT) in response to different fasting condition after long-term chronic fructose consumption. Rats were fed standard chow supplemented with 10% w/v fructose solution for 5 weeks, and killed after chow-fasting and fructose withdrawal (fasting) or chow-fasting and continued fructose (fructose alone) for 14 h. Blood parameters and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (ChREBP, SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD1), triglyceride biosynthesis (DGAT-1, DGAT-2) and lipid mobilization (ATGL, HSL) in eWAT were analyzed. In addition, mRNA levels of PPAR-γ, CD36 and LPL were also detected. As expected, fructose alone increased the mRNA expression of FAS, SCD1, and correspondingly decreased ATGL and HSL mRNA levels. However, ChREBP, DGAT-2, ATGL and HSL mRNA levels restored near to normal while FAS and SCD1 tend to basic level under fasting condition. The mRNA expression of SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ and LPL did not changed at any situations but CD36 mRNA decreased remarkably in fructose alone group. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that genes involved in lipid metabolism in rat eWAT are varied in response to different fasting conditions after long-term fructose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 China
| | - Da-Zhi Ke
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010 China
| | - Ling Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 China
| | - Shang Wang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Peng Ma
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Li-Rong Jiang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 China.
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Liu ZH, Li J, Xia J, Jiang R, Zuo GW, Li XP, Chen Y, Xiong W, Chen DL. Ginsenoside 20(s)-Rh2 as potent natural histone deacetylase inhibitors suppressing the growth of human leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:227-34. [PMID: 26482938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Activation and abnormal expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) which is important target for cancer therapeutics are related to the occurrence of human leukemia. 20(s)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (20(s)-Rh2) may be a potential HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) of leukemia, but the mechanism has not been reported. METHODS The cell proliferation and apoptosis was assessed in cultured K562 and KG-1α cells. The protein expression was measured with immunoblotting. The activities of HDAC and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) were measured with BCA. In vivo experiments were performed on naked mice carrying K562 cells for assessment of tumor growth, apoptosis, protein expression, and HDAC/HAT activities. RESULTS 20(s)-Rh2 effectively induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis in K562 and KG1-α cells, decreased the levels of proteins associated with cell proliferation (Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, ERK, p-ERK) and activated pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cleaved Caspase-3, p38, p-p38, JNK, p-JNK). 20(s)-Rh2 down-regulated HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, increased histone H3 acetylation and HAT activity. Moreover, 20(s)-Rh2 inhibited the growth of human leukemia xenograft tumors in vivo. CONCLUSION 20(s)-Rh2 inhibited the proliferation of K562 and KG1-α cell by reducing the expression and activity of HDACs, increasing histone acetylation, and regulating key proteins in the downstream signaling pathways. Therefore, 20(s)-Rh2 could become a potential natural HDACi for chemotherapy of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chongqing Medical and Health School, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratories of Clinical Diagnostics, Province and Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Shi QQ, Zuo GW, Feng ZQ, Zhao LC, Luo L, You ZM, Li DY, Xia J, Li J, Chen DL. Effect of Trichostatin A on Anti HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells: Inhibition of HDAC Activity and Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:7849-55. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Liu YZ, Zhang RX, Wang X, Meng ZJ, Huang J, Wu K, Luo JY, Zuo GW, Chen L, Yin LJ, Deng ZL, He BC. Oridonin inhibits the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:795-803. [PMID: 24859848 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that oridonin (ORI) can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in various types of cancer cell lines. However, the exact mechanism for this function remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the proliferation inhibitory effect of ORI on human osteosarcoma (OS) 143B cells and dissected the possible molecular mechanism(s) underlying this effect. We demonstrated that ORI can inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in 143B cells. Using luciferase reporter assay, we found that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inhibited in 143B cells by ORI. Accordingly, the total protein levels and nuclear translocation of β-catenin were reduced by ORI treatment. ORI increased glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity and upregulated Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) expression. We found that Dkk-1 overexpression or β-catenin knockdown can potentiate the proliferation inhibitory effect of ORI in 143B cells, while β-catenin overexpression attenuated this effect. Using the xenograft tumor model of human OS, we demonstrated that ORI effectively inhibited the growth of tumors. Histological examination showed that ORI inhibited cancer cell proliferation, decreased the expression of PNCA and β-catenin. Our findings suggest that ORI can inhibit 143B OS cell proliferation by downregulating Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction, which may be mediated by upregulating the Dkk-1 expression and/or enhancing the function of GSK3β. Therefore, ORI can be potentially used as an effective adjuvant agent for the clinical management of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Zi Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ran-Xi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Jun Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Jun Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Liu YZ, Wu K, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang X, Meng ZJ, Yuan SX, Wang DX, Luo JY, Zuo GW, Yin LJ, Chen L, Deng ZL, Yang JQ, Sun WJ, He BC. The PTEN/PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are involved in the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on human colon cancer cell proliferation. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:104-12. [PMID: 24756222 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the treatments for colon cancer have been developed substantially in the last decades, but there is still a great clinical need to explore new treatment regimens due to the undesirable prognosis. In this investigation, we demonstrated the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities of resveratrol (Res) in human colon cancer cells, and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. We used crystal violet staining, flow cytometry and western blotting to validate the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of Res on HCT116 cells. A xenograft tumor model was used to confirm the anti-proliferative effects of Res. We employed polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, recombinant adenovirus and luciferase reporter assay to explore the possible mechanism(s) of action. We found that Res inhibits significantly the proliferation and promotes apoptosis in HCT116 cells, as well as inhibits the xenograft tumor growth of colon cancer. Res upregulates the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and decreases the phosphorylation of Akt1/2. The exogenous expression of PTEN inhibits the PI3K/Akt signal and promotes the anti-proliferative effects of Res in HCT116 cells, while knockdown of PTEN increases PI3K/Akt signal but reduces the anti-proliferative function of Res. The protein and mRNA expression of β-catenin are all decreased by Res concentration-dependently. Thus, our findings strongly suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of Res in human colon cancer cells may be mediated by regulating separately the PTEN/PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zi Liu
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Jun Meng
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Xue Yuan
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Jun Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Qin Yang
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Sun
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Li J, Wei Q, Zuo GW, Xia J, You ZM, Li CL, Chen DL. Ginsenoside Rg1 Induces Apoptosis through Inhibition of the EpoR-Mediated JAK2/STAT5 Signalling Pathway in the TF-1/Epo Human Leukemia Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2453-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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9
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Luther G, Wagner ER, Zhu G, Kang Q, Luo Q, Lamplot J, Bi Y, Luo X, Luo J, Teven C, Shi Q, Kim SH, Gao JL, Huang E, Yang K, Rames R, Liu X, Li M, Hu N, Liu H, Su Y, Chen L, He BC, Zuo GW, Deng ZL, Reid RR, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC. BMP-9 induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: molecular mechanism and therapeutic potential. Curr Gene Ther 2011; 11:229-40. [PMID: 21453282 DOI: 10.2174/156652311795684777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Promoting osteogenic differentiation and efficacious bone regeneration have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of orthopaedic and musculoskeletal disorders. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are bone marrow progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate along osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Differentiation along these lineages is a tightly controlled process that is in part regulated by the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). BMPs 2 and 7 have been approved for clinical use because their osteoinductive properties act as an adjunctive treatment to surgeries where bone healing is compromised. BMP-9 is one of the least studied BMPs, and recent in vitro and in vivo studies have identified BMP-9 as a potent inducer of osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. BMP-9 exhibits significant molecular cross-talk with the Wnt/ β-catenin and other signaling pathways, and adenoviral expression of BMP-9 in MSCs increases the expression of osteogenic markers and induces trabecular bone and osteiod matrix formation. Furthermore, BMP-9 has been shown to act synergistically in bone formation with other signaling pathways, including Wnt/ β-catenin, IGF, and retinoid signaling pathways. These results suggest that BMP-9 should be explored as an effective bone regeneration agent, especially in combination with adjuvant therapies, for clinical applications such as large segmental bony defects, non-union fractures, and/or spinal fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Luther
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, IL 60637, USA
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Wagner ER, Zhu G, Zhang BQ, Luo Q, Shi Q, Huang E, Gao Y, Gao JL, Kim SH, Rastegar F, Yang K, He BC, Chen L, Zuo GW, Bi Y, Su Y, Luo J, Luo X, Huang J, Deng ZL, Reid RR, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC. The therapeutic potential of the Wnt signaling pathway in bone disorders. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2011. [PMID: 20825362 DOI: 10.2174/1874467211104010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt pathway plays a critical role in development and differentiation of many tissues, such as the gut, hair follicles, and bone. Increasing evidence indicates that Wnts may function as key regulators in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and bone formation. Conversely, aberrant Wnt signaling is associated with many osteogenic pathologies. For example, genetic alterations in the Wnt signaling pathway lead to osteoporosis and osteopenia, while inactivating mutations of Wnt inhibitors result in a hyperostotic skeleton with increased bone mineral density. Hyperparathyroidism causes osteopenia via induction of the Wnt signaling pathway. Lithium, often used to treat bipolar disorder, blocks a Wnt antagonist, decreasing the patient's risk of fractures. Thus, manipulating the Wnt pathway may offer plenty therapeutic opportunities in treating bone disorders. In fact, induction of the Wnt signaling pathway or inhibition of Wnt antagonists has shown promise in treating bone metabolic disorders, including osteoporosis. For example, antibodies targeting the Wnt inhibitor Sclerostin lead to increased bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. However, such therapies targeting the Wnt pathway are not without risk, as genetic alternations may lead to over-activation of Wnt/β-catenin and its association with many tumors. It is conceivable that targeting Wnt inhibitors may predispose the individuals to tumorigenic phenotypes, at least in bone. Here, we review the roles of Wnt signaling in bone metabolic and pathologic processes, as well as the therapeutic potential for targeting Wnt pathway and its associated risks in bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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11
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Shenaq DS, Rastegar F, Petkovic D, Zhang BQ, He BC, Chen L, Zuo GW, Luo Q, Shi Q, Wagner ER, Huang E, Gao Y, Gao JL, Kim SH, Yang K, Bi Y, Su Y, Zhu G, Luo J, Luo X, Qin J, Reid RR, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC. Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells and Their Orthopedic Applications: Forging a Path towards Clinical Trials. Stem Cells Int 2010; 2010:519028. [PMID: 21234334 PMCID: PMC3017936 DOI: 10.4061/2010/519028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are nonhematopoietic multipotent cells capable of differentiating into mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal lineages. While they can be isolated from various tissues, MPCs isolated from the bone marrow are best characterized. These cells represent a subset of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) which, in addition to their differentiation potential, are critical in supporting proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. They are of clinical interest because they can be easily isolated from bone marrow aspirates and expanded in vitro with minimal donor site morbidity. The BMSCs are also capable of altering disease pathophysiology by secreting modulating factors in a paracrine manner. Thus, engineering such cells to maximize therapeutic potential has been the focus of cell/gene therapy to date. Here, we discuss the path towards the development of clinical trials utilizing BMSCs for orthopaedic applications. Specifically, we will review the use of BMSCs in repairing critical-sized defects, fracture nonunions, cartilage and tendon injuries, as well as in metabolic bone diseases and osteonecrosis. A review of www.ClinicalTrials.gov of the United States National Institute of Health was performed, and ongoing clinical trials will be discussed in addition to the sentinel preclinical studies that paved the way for human investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deana S Shenaq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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12
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Rastegar F, Gao JL, Shenaq D, Luo Q, Shi Q, Kim SH, Jiang W, Wagner ER, Huang E, Gao Y, Shen J, Yang K, He BC, Chen L, Zuo GW, Luo J, Luo X, Bi Y, Liu X, Li M, Hu N, Wang L, Luther G, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase β (LPAATβ) promotes the tumor growth of human osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14182. [PMID: 21152068 PMCID: PMC2995727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone with poorly characterized molecular pathways important in its pathogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that elevated lipid biosynthesis is a characteristic feature of cancer. We sought to investigate the role of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase β (LPAATβ, aka, AGPAT2) in regulating the proliferation and growth of human osteosarcoma cells. LPAATβ can generate phosphatidic acid, which plays a key role in lipid biosynthesis as well as in cell proliferation and survival. Although elevated expression of LPAATβ has been reported in several types of human tumors, the role of LPAATβ in osteosarcoma progression has yet to be elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings Endogenous expression of LPAATβ in osteosarcoma cell lines is analyzed by using semi-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of LPAATβ and silencing LPAATβ expression is employed to determine the effect of LPAATβ on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration in vitro and osteosarcoma tumor growth in vivo. We have found that expression of LPAATβ is readily detected in 8 of the 10 analyzed human osteosarcoma lines. Exogenous expression of LPAATβ promotes osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration, while silencing LPAATβ expression inhibits these cellular characteristics. We further demonstrate that exogenous expression of LPAATβ effectively promotes tumor growth, while knockdown of LPAATβ expression inhibits tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft model of human osteosarcoma. Conclusions/Significance Our results strongly suggest that LPAATβ expression may be associated with the aggressive phenotypes of human osteosarcoma and that LPAATβ may play an important role in regulating osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumor growth. Thus, targeting LPAATβ may be exploited as a novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of osteosarcoma. This is especially attractive given the availability of selective pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Rastegar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deana Shenaq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Qing Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, and Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Stephanie H. Kim
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric R. Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Enyi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiatong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jikun Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ke Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, and Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, and Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, and Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, and Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, and Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mi Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, and Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Luther
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Chen L, Jiang W, Huang J, He BC, Zuo GW, Zhang W, Luo Q, Shi Q, Zhang BQ, Wagner ER, Luo J, Tang M, Wietholt C, Luo X, Bi Y, Su Y, Liu B, Kim SH, He CJ, Hu Y, Shen J, Rastegar F, Huang E, Gao Y, Gao JL, Zhou JZ, Reid RR, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC, Deng ZL. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) potentiates BMP-9-induced osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:2447-59. [PMID: 20499340 PMCID: PMC3179288 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient osteogenic differentiation and bone formation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) should have clinical applications in treating nonunion fracture healing. MSCs are adherent bone marrow stromal cells that can self-renew and differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic lineages. We have identified bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) as one of the most osteogenic BMPs. Here we investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) on BMP-9-induced bone formation. We have found that endogenous IGF-2 expression is low in MSCs. Expression of IGF-2 can potentiate BMP-9-induced early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of later markers. IGF-2 has been shown to augment BMP-9-induced ectopic bone formation in the stem cell implantation assay. In perinatal limb explant culture assay, IGF-2 enhances BMP-9-induced endochondral ossification, whereas IGF-2 itself can promote the expansion of the hypertropic chondrocyte zone of the cultured limb explants. Expression of the IGF antagonists IGFBP3 and IGFBP4 leads to inhibition of the IGF-2 effect on BMP-9-induced ALP activity and matrix mineralization. Mechanistically, IGF-2 is further shown to enhance the BMP-9-induced BMPR-Smad reporter activity and Smad1/5/8 nuclear translocation. PI3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 abolishes the IGF-2 potentiation effect on BMP-9-mediated osteogenic signaling and can directly inhibit BMP-9 activity. These results demonstrate that BMP-9 crosstalks with IGF-2 through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Taken together, our findings suggest that a combination of BMP-9 and IGF-2 may be explored as an effective bone-regeneration agent to treat large segmental bony defects, nonunion fracture, and/or osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Qiang Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric R Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiaoji Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Su
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephanie H Kim
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Connie J He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Yawen Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jikun Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Farbod Rastegar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Enyi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqig, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiatong UniversityShanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Rastegar F, Shenaq D, Huang J, Zhang W, Zhang BQ, He BC, Chen L, Zuo GW, Luo Q, Shi Q, Wagner ER, Huang E, Gao Y, Gao JL, Kim SH, Zhou JZ, Bi Y, Su Y, Zhu G, Luo J, Luo X, Qin J, Reid RR, Luu HH, Haydon RC, Deng ZL, He TC. Mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular characteristics and clinical applications. World J Stem Cells 2010; 2:67-80. [PMID: 21607123 PMCID: PMC3097925 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v2.i4.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into tissues of both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal origin. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblastic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages, although recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs are also able to differentiate into other lineages, including neuronal and cardiomyogenic lineages. Since their original isolation from the bone marrow, MSCs have been successfully harvested from many other tissues. Their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion combined with their immunoprivileged nature has made these cells popular candidates for stem cell therapies. These cells have the potential to alter disease pathophysiology through many modalities including cytokine secretion, capacity to differentiate along various lineages, immune modulation and direct cell-cell interaction with diseased tissue. Here we first review basic features of MSC biology including MSC characteristics in culture, homing mechanisms, differentiation capabilities and immune modulation. We then highlight some in vivo and clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic roles of MSCs and their uses in orthopedic, autoimmune, and ischemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Rastegar
- Farbod Rastegar, Deana Shenaq, Jiayi Huang, Wenli Zhang, Bing-Qiang Zhang, Bai-Cheng He, Liang Chen, Guo-Wei Zuo, Qing Luo, Qiong Shi, Eric R Wagner, Enyi Huang, Yanhong Gao, Jian-Li Gao, Stephanie H Kim, Jian-Zhong Zhou, Yang Bi, Yuxi Su, Gaohui Zhu, Jinyong Luo, Xiaoji Luo, Jiaqiang Qin, Russell R Reid, Hue H Luu, Rex C Haydon, Zhong-Liang Deng, Tong-Chuan He, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
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15
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Zhang W, Deng ZL, Chen L, Zuo GW, Luo Q, Shi Q, Zhang BQ, Wagner ER, Rastegar F, Kim SH, Jiang W, Shen J, Huang E, Gao Y, Gao JL, Zhou JZ, Luo J, Huang J, Luo X, Bi Y, Su Y, Yang K, Liu H, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC, He BC. Retinoic acids potentiate BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11917. [PMID: 20689834 PMCID: PMC2912873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the least studied bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), BMP9 is one of the most osteogenic BMPs. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is known to play an important role in development, differentiation and bone metabolism. In this study, we investigate the effect of RA signaling on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). Methodology/Principal Findings Both primary MPCs and MPC line are used for BMP9 and RA stimulation. Recombinant adenoviruses are used to deliver BMP9, RARα and RXRα into MPCs. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation is monitored by determining the early and late osteogenic markers and matrix mineralization. Mouse perinatal limb explants and in vivo MPC implantation experiments are carried out to assess bone formation. We find that both 9CRA and ATRA effectively induce early osteogenic marker, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and late osteogenic markers, such as osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC). BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization is synergistically enhanced by 9CRA and ATRA in vitro. 9CRA and ATRA are shown to induce BMP9 expression and activate BMPR Smad-mediated transcription activity. Using mouse perinatal limb explants, we find that BMP9 and RAs act together to promote the expansion of hypertrophic chondrocyte zone at growth plate. Progenitor cell implantation studies reveal that co-expression of BMP9 and RXRα or RARα significantly increases trabecular bone and osteoid matrix formation. Conclusion/Significance Our results strongly suggest that retinoid signaling may synergize with BMP9 activity in promoting osteogenic differentiation of MPCs. This knowledge should expand our understanding about how BMP9 cross-talks with other signaling pathways. Furthermore, a combination of BMP9 and retinoic acid (or its agonists) may be explored as effective bone regeneration therapeutics to treat large segmental bony defects, non-union fracture, and/or osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Pediatric Research Institute, the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bing-Qiang Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Eric R. Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Farbod Rastegar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephanie H. Kim
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jikun Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Enyi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiatong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Pediatric Research Institute, the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxi Su
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Pediatric Research Institute, the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Pediatric Research Institute, the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (TCH); (BCH)
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (TCH); (BCH)
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16
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Luo J, Tang M, Huang J, He BC, Gao JL, Chen L, Zuo GW, Zhang W, Luo Q, Shi Q, Zhang BQ, Bi Y, Luo X, Jiang W, Su Y, Shen J, Kim SH, Huang E, Gao Y, Zhou JZ, Yang K, Luu HH, Pan X, Haydon RC, Deng ZL, He TC. TGFbeta/BMP type I receptors ALK1 and ALK2 are essential for BMP9-induced osteogenic signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:29588-98. [PMID: 20628059 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.130518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are bone marrow stromal cells that can differentiate into multiple lineages. We previously demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most potent BMPs to induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. BMP9 is one of the least studied BMPs. Whereas ALK1, ALK5, and/or endoglin have recently been reported as potential BMP9 type I receptors in endothelial cells, little is known about type I receptor involvement in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. Here, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the functional role of seven type I receptors in BMP9-induced osteogenic signaling in MSCs. We have found that most of the seven type I receptors are expressed in MSCs. However, using dominant-negative mutants for the seven type I receptors, we demonstrate that only ALK1 and ALK2 mutants effectively inhibit BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in vitro and ectopic ossification in MSC implantation assays. Protein fragment complementation assays demonstrate that ALK1 and ALK2 directly interact with BMP9. Likewise, RNAi silencing of ALK1 and ALK2 expression inhibits BMP9-induced BMPR-Smad activity and osteogenic differentiation in MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that ALK1 and ALK2 may play an important role in mediating BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. These findings should further aid us in understanding the molecular mechanism through which BMP9 regulates osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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17
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Zuo GW, Kohls CD, He BC, Chen L, Zhang W, Shi Q, Zhang BQ, Kang Q, Luo J, Luo X, Wagner ER, Kim SH, Restegar F, Haydon RC, Deng ZL, Luu HH, He TC, Luo Q. The CCN proteins: important signaling mediators in stem cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. Histol Histopathol 2010; 25:795-806. [PMID: 20376786 DOI: 10.14670/hh-25.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The CCN proteins contain six members, namely CCN1 to CCN6, which are small secreted cysteine-rich proteins. The CCN proteins are modular proteins, containing up to four functional domains. Many of the CCN members are induced by growth factors, cytokines, or cellular stress. The CCNs show a wide and highly variable expression pattern in adult and in embryonic tissues. The CCN proteins can integrate and modulate the signals of integrins, BMPs, VEGF, Wnts, and Notch. The involvement of integrins in mediating CCN signaling may provide diverse context-dependent responses in distinct cell types. CCN1 and CCN2 play an important role in development, angiogenesis and cell adhesion, whereas CCN3 is critical to skeletal and cardiac development. CCN4, CCN5 and CCN6 usually inhibit cell growth. Mutations of Ccn6 are associated with the progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda. In stem cell differentiation, CCN1, CCN2, and CCN3 play a principal role in osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and angiogenesis. Elevated expression of CCN1 is associated with more aggressive phenotypes of human cancer, while the roles of CCN2 and CCN3 in tumorigenesis are tumor type-dependent. CCN4, CCN5 and CCN6 function as tumor suppressors. Although CCN proteins may play important roles in fine-tuning other major signaling pathways, the precise function and mechanism of action of these proteins remain undefined. Understanding of the biological functions of the CCN proteins would not only provide insight into their roles in numerous cellular processes but also offer opportunities for developing therapeutics by targeting CCN functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, and The Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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He BC, Chen L, Zuo GW, Zhang W, Bi Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Jiang W, Luo Q, Shi Q, Zhang BQ, Liu B, Lei X, Luo J, Luo X, Wagner ER, Kim SH, He CJ, Hu Y, Shen J, Zhou Q, Rastegar F, Deng ZL, Luu HH, He TC, Haydon RC. Synergistic antitumor effect of the activated PPARgamma and retinoid receptors on human osteosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:2235-45. [PMID: 20371684 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone. The long-term survival of osteosarcoma patients hinges on our ability to prevent and/or treat recurrent and metastatic lesions. Here, we investigated the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and retinoid receptors as a means of differentiation therapy for human osteosarcoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the endogenous expression of PPARgamma and retinoid receptors in a panel of osteosarcoma cells. Ligands or adenovirus-mediated overexpression of these receptors were tested to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Osteosarcoma cells overexpressing the receptors were introduced into an orthotopic tumor model. The effect of these ligands on osteoblastic differentiation was further investigated. RESULTS Endogenous expression of PPARgamma and isotypes of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) is detected in most osteosarcoma cells. Troglitazone, 9-cis retinoic acid (RA), and all-trans RA, as well as overexpression of PPARgamma, RARalpha, and RXRalpha, inhibit osteosarcoma cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. A synergistic inhibitory effect on osteosarcoma cell proliferation is observed between troglitazone and retinoids, as well as with the overexpression pairs of PPARgamma/RARalpha, or PPARgamma/RXRalpha. Overexpression of PPARgamma, RARalpha, RXRalpha, or in combinations inhibits osteosarcoma tumor growth and cell proliferation in vivo. Retinoids (and to a lesser extent, troglitazone) are shown to promote osteogenic differentiation of osteosarcoma cells and mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS Activation of PPARgamma, RARalpha, and RXRalpha may act synergistically on inhibiting osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumor growth, which is at least partially mediated by promoting osteoblastic differentiation of osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, China
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19
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Huang J, Bi Y, Zhu GH, He Y, Su Y, He BC, Wang Y, Kang Q, Chen L, Zuo GW, Luo Q, Shi Q, Zhang BQ, Huang A, Zhou L, Feng T, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC, Tang N. Retinoic acid signalling induces the differentiation of mouse fetal liver-derived hepatic progenitor cells. Liver Int 2009; 29:1569-81. [PMID: 19737349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) can be isolated from fetal liver and extrahepatic tissues. Retinoic acid (RA) signalling plays an important role in development, although the role of RA signalling in liver-specific progenitors is poorly understood. AIMS We sought to determine the role of RA in regulating hepatic differentiation. METHODS RNA was isolated from liver tissues of various developmental stages. Liver marker expression was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining. Reversibly immortalized HPCs derived from mouse embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) liver (aka, HP14.5) were established. Albumin promoter-driven reporter (Alb-GLuc) was used to monitor hepatic differentiation. Glycogen synthesis was assayed as a marker for terminal hepatic differentiation. RESULTS Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha, retinoid X receptor (RXR)-alpha and RXR-gamma expressed in E12.5 to postnatal day 28 liver samples. Expression of RAR-beta and RXR-beta was low perinatally, whereas RAR-gamma was undetectable in prenatal tissues and increased postnatally. Retinal dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (Raldh1 and Raldh2) were expressed in all tissues, while Raldh3 was weakly expressed in prenatal samples but was readily detected postnatally. Nuclear receptor corepressors were highly expressed in all tissues, while expression of nuclear co-activators decreased in perinatal tissues and increased after birth. HP14.5 cells expressed high levels of early liver stem cell markers. Expression of RA signalling components and coregulators was readily detected in HP14.5. RA was shown to induce Alb-GLuc activity and late hepatocyte markers. RA was further shown to induce glycogen synthesis in HP14.5 cells, an important function of mature hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggest that RA signalling may play an important role in regulating hepatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education of China, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Bi Y, Huang J, He Y, Zhu GH, Su Y, He BC, Luo J, Wang Y, Kang Q, Luo Q, Chen L, Zuo GW, Jiang W, Liu B, Shi Q, Tang M, Zhang BQ, Weng Y, Huang A, Zhou L, Feng T, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC, Tang N. Wnt antagonist SFRP3 inhibits the differentiation of mouse hepatic progenitor cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:295-303. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Kang Q, Song WX, Luo Q, Tang N, Luo J, Luo X, Chen J, Bi Y, He BC, Park JK, Jiang W, Tang Y, Huang J, Su Y, Zhu GH, He Y, Yin H, Hu Z, Wang Y, Chen L, Zuo GW, Pan X, Shen J, Vokes T, Reid RR, Haydon RC, Luu HH, He TC. A comprehensive analysis of the dual roles of BMPs in regulating adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 18:545-59. [PMID: 18616389 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are bone marrow stromal progenitor cells that can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic lineages. Several signaling pathways have been shown to regulate the lineage commitment and terminal differentiation of MSCs. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the 14 types of bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) for their abilities to regulate multilineage specific differentiation of MSCs. We found that most BMPs exhibited distinct abilities to regulate the expression of Runx2, Sox9, MyoD, and PPARgamma2. Further analysis indicated that BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-7, and BMP-9 effectively induced both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. BMP-induced commitment to osteogenic or adipogenic lineage was shown to be mutually exclusive. Overexpression of Runx2 enhanced BMP-induced osteogenic differentiation, whereas knockdown of Runx2 expression diminished BMP-induced bone formation with a decrease in adipocyte accumulation in vivo. Interestingly, overexpression of PPARgamma2 not only promoted adipogenic differentiation, but also enhanced osteogenic differentiation upon BMP-2, BMP-6, and BMP-9 stimulation. Conversely, MSCs with PPARgamma2 knockdown or mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from PPARgamma2(-/-) mice exhibited a marked decrease in adipogenic differentiation, coupled with reduced osteogenic differentiation and diminished mineralization upon BMP-9 stimulation, suggesting that PPARgamma2 may play a role in BMP-induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Thus, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism behind BMP-regulated lineage divergence during MSC differentiation, as this knowledge could help us to understand the pathogenesis of skeletal diseases and may lead to the development of strategies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, and The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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22
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Su Y, Luo X, He BC, Wang Y, Chen L, Zuo GW, Liu B, Bi Y, Huang J, Zhu GH, He Y, Kang Q, Luo J, Shen J, Chen J, Jin X, Haydon RC, He TC, Luu HH. Establishment and characterization of a new highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell line. Clin Exp Metastasis 2009; 26:599-610. [PMID: 19363654 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-009-9259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and young adults. There is a paucity of tumorigenic and highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell lines that have not been further transformed by exogenous means. Here we establish and characterize a highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell line that is derived from a poorly metastatic MG63 line through serial passage in nude mice via intratibial injections. The occasional pulmonary metastases developed from MG63 were harvested and repassaged in mice until a highly metastatic subline (MG63.2) was established. The parental MG63 and highly metastatic MG63.2 cells were further characterized in vitro and in vivo. MG63.2 cells demonstrated increased cell migration and invasion compared to the parental MG63 cells. Conversely, cell adhesion was significantly greater in MG63 cells when compared to the MG63.2 cells. MG63.2 cells grew at a slightly slower rate than that of the parental cells. When injected into nude mice, MG63.2 cells had a greater than 200-fold increase in developing pulmonary metastases compared to the parental MG63 cells. MG63.2 cells also formed larger primary tumors when compared to the parental MG63 cells. Further analysis revealed that ezrin expression was up-regulated in the metastatic MG63.2 cells. Interestingly, expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were down-regulated, and expression of TIMP-2 was up-regulated in the MG63.2 cells. Taken together, we have established and characterized a highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell line that should serve as a valuable tool for future investigations on the pathogenesis, metastasis, and potential treatments of human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Su
- The Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
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23
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Luo X, Chen J, Song WX, Tang N, Luo J, Deng ZL, Sharff KA, He G, Bi Y, He BC, Bennett E, Huang J, Kang Q, Jiang W, Su Y, Zhu GH, Yin H, He Y, Wang Y, Souris JS, Chen L, Zuo GW, Montag AG, Reid RR, Haydon RC, Luu HH, He TC. Osteogenic BMPs promote tumor growth of human osteosarcomas that harbor differentiation defects. J Transl Med 2008; 88:1264-77. [PMID: 18838962 PMCID: PMC9901484 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of bone. Here, we investigated a possible role of defective osteoblast differentiation in OS tumorigenesis. We found that basal levels of the early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were low in OS lines. Osteogenic regulators Runx2 and OSX, and the late marker osteopontin (OPN) expressed at low levels in most OS lines, indicating that most OS cells fail to undergo terminal differentiation. Furthermore, OS cells were refractory to osteogenic BMP-induced increases in ALP activity. Osteogenic BMPs were shown to upregulate early target genes, but not late osteogenic markers OPN and osteocalcin (OC). Furthermore, osteogenic BMPs failed to induce bone formation from human OS cells, rather effectively promoted OS tumor growth in an orthotopic OS model. Exogenous expression of early target genes enhanced BMP-stimulated OS tumor growth, whereas osteogenic BMP-promoted OS tumor growth was inhibited by exogenous Runx2 expression. These results suggest that alterations in osteoprogenitors may disrupt osteogenic differentiation pathway. Thus, identifying potential differentiation defects in OS tumors would allow us to reconstruct the tumorigenic events in osteoprogenitors and to develop rational differentiation therapies for clinical OS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wen-Xin Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katie A Sharff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erwin Bennett
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Quan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuxi Su
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gao-Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hong Yin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yun He
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Souris
- Optical Imaging Core Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony G Montag
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Sharff KA, Song WX, Luo X, Tang N, Luo J, Chen J, Bi Y, He BC, Huang J, Li X, Jiang W, Zhu GH, Su Y, He Y, Shen J, Wang Y, Chen L, Zuo GW, Liu B, Pan X, Reid RR, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC. Hey1 basic helix-loop-helix protein plays an important role in mediating BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:649-659. [PMID: 18986983 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806389200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are bone marrow stromal progenitor cells that can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic lineages. We previously demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 9 is one of the most potent and yet least characterized BMPs that are able to induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we conducted gene expression-profiling analysis and identified that Hey1 of the hairy/Enhancer of split-related repressor protein basic helix-loop-helix family was among the most significantly up-regulated early targets in BMP9-stimulated MSCs. We demonstrated that Hey1 expression was up-regulated at the immediate early stage of BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that Hey1 may be a direct target of the BMP9-induced Smad signaling pathway. Silencing Hey1 expression diminished BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo and led to chondrogenic differentiation. Likewise, constitutive Hey1 expression augmented BMP9-mediated bone matrix mineralization. Hey1 and Runx2 were shown to act synergistically in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation, and Runx2 expression significantly decreased in the absence of Hey1, suggesting that Runx2 may function downstream of Hey1. Accordingly, the defective osteogenic differentiation caused by Hey1 knockdown was rescued by exogenous Runx2 expression. Thus, our findings suggest that Hey1, through its interplay with Runx2, may play an important role in regulating BMP9-induced osteoblast lineage differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Sharff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Wen-Xin Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Ni Tang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Jin Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Yang Bi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Xinmin Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Gao-Hui Zhu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Yuxi Su
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Yun He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Jikun Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Yi Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Liang Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Bo Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637.
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637.
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25
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Tang N, Song WX, Luo J, Luo X, Chen J, Sharff KA, Bi Y, He BC, Huang JY, Zhu GH, Su YX, Jiang W, Tang M, He Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Zuo GW, Shen J, Pan X, Reid RR, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC. BMP-9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors requires functional canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:2448-2464. [PMID: 19175684 PMCID: PMC4940786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/BMP superfamily, and we have demonstrated that it is one of the most potent BMPs to induce osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, we sought to investigate if canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signalling plays an important role in BMP-9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Wnt3A and BMP-9 enhanced each other's ability to induce alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in MSCs and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Wnt antagonist FrzB was shown to inhibit BMP-9-induced ALP activity more effectively than Dkk1, whereas a secreted form of LPR-5 or low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)-6 exerted no inhibitory effect on BMP-9-induced ALP activity. beta-Catenin knockdown in MSCs and MEFs diminished BMP-9-induced ALP activity, and led to a decrease in BMP-9-induced osteocalcin reporter activity and BMP-9-induced expression of late osteogenic markers. Furthermore, beta-catenin knockdown or FrzB overexpression inhibited BMP-9-induced mineralization in vitro and ectopic bone formation in vivo, resulting in immature osteogenesis and the formation of chondrogenic matrix. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis indicated that BMP-9 induced recruitment of both Runx2 and beta-catenin to the osteocalcin promoter. Thus, we have demonstrated that canonical Wnt signalling, possibly through interactions between beta-catenin and Runx2, plays an important role in BMP-9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wen-Xin Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jinyong Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katie A Sharff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jia-Yi Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gao-Hui Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Xi Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Min Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jikun Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Zuo GW, Lü FL. [Research progress in human artificial chromosomes(HACs) and the potentials in application]. Yi Chuan 2005; 27:995-1000. [PMID: 16378952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the first report of the establishment of human artificial chromosome(HAC) was published in 1997, several types of HAC have been created by different strategies. Compared to other artificial chromosomes, such as yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC), HAC exists in a cell independently, in other words, HAC does not integrated into the cellular genome, and can undergo normal mitosis and meiosis from generation to generation in vitro and in vivo. Recent results proved that HAC, as a DNA carrier, is able to host a large fragment of DNA or mini-chromosome, thus it could be a very important tool in the study of human gene expression and regulation, human chromosome function and minimum functional elements and animal models for human diseases. In the near future, HAC can also be used in gene therapy for human genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Infection & Immunology Department, Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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