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Martini A, Borfecchia E, Lomachenko KA, Pankin IA, Negri C, Berlier G, Beato P, Falsig H, Bordiga S, Lamberti C. Composition-driven Cu-speciation and reducibility in Cu-CHA zeolite catalysts: a multivariate XAS/FTIR approach to complexity. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6836-6851. [PMID: 29147509 PMCID: PMC5644121 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The small pore Cu-CHA zeolite is attracting increasing attention as a versatile platform to design novel single-site catalysts for deNO x applications and for the direct conversion of methane to methanol. Understanding at the atomic scale how the catalyst composition influences the Cu-species formed during thermal activation is a key step to unveil the relevant composition-activity relationships. Herein, we explore by in situ XAS the impact of Cu-CHA catalyst composition on temperature-dependent Cu-speciation and reducibility. Advanced multivariate analysis of in situ XANES in combination with DFT-assisted simulation of XANES spectra and multi-component EXAFS fits as well as in situ FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed N2 allow us to obtain unprecedented quantitative structural information on the complex dynamics during the speciation of Cu-sites inside the framework of the CHA zeolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martini
- Department of Chemistry , NIS Centre and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 7 , Turin , 10125 Italy .
| | - E Borfecchia
- Department of Chemistry , NIS Centre and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 7 , Turin , 10125 Italy . .,Haldor Topsøe A/S , Haldor Topsøes Allé 1 , Kgs. Lyngby , 2800 Denmark
| | - K A Lomachenko
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220 , Grenoble Cedex 9 , 38043 France.,IRC "Smart Materials" , Southern Federal University , Zorge str. 5 , Rostov-on-Don , 344090 Russia
| | - I A Pankin
- Department of Chemistry , NIS Centre and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 7 , Turin , 10125 Italy . .,IRC "Smart Materials" , Southern Federal University , Zorge str. 5 , Rostov-on-Don , 344090 Russia
| | - C Negri
- Department of Chemistry , NIS Centre and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 7 , Turin , 10125 Italy .
| | - G Berlier
- Department of Chemistry , NIS Centre and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 7 , Turin , 10125 Italy .
| | - P Beato
- Haldor Topsøe A/S , Haldor Topsøes Allé 1 , Kgs. Lyngby , 2800 Denmark
| | - H Falsig
- Haldor Topsøe A/S , Haldor Topsøes Allé 1 , Kgs. Lyngby , 2800 Denmark
| | - S Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry , NIS Centre and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 7 , Turin , 10125 Italy .
| | - C Lamberti
- IRC "Smart Materials" , Southern Federal University , Zorge str. 5 , Rostov-on-Don , 344090 Russia.,Department of Chemistry , CrisDi Centre and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 7 , Turin , 10125 Italy
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Kuld S, Thorhauge M, Falsig H, Elkjaer CF, Helveg S, Chorkendorff I, Sehested J. Quantifying the promotion of Cu catalysts by ZnO for methanol synthesis. Science 2016; 352:969-74. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Tyrsted C, Borfecchia E, Berlier G, Lomachenko KA, Lamberti C, Bordiga S, Vennestrøm PNR, Janssens TVW, Falsig H, Beato P, Puig-Molina A. Nitrate–nitrite equilibrium in the reaction of NO with a Cu-CHA catalyst for NH3-SCR. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multi-technique in situ study of the reaction between NO and Cu-nitrates in the Cu-CHA deNOx catalyst yields novel structural and spectroscopic insights into the equilibrium between Cu-nitrates and Cu-nitrites, which was proposed as key step in the NH3-SCR cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Tyrsted
- Haldor Topsøe A/S
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - E. Borfecchia
- Haldor Topsøe A/S
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
- NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center
| | - G. Berlier
- Department of Chemistry
- NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
| | - K. A. Lomachenko
- IRC “Smart Materials”
- Southern Federal University
- 344090 Rostov-on-Don
- Russia
| | - C. Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry
- NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
| | - S. Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry
- NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
| | | | | | - H. Falsig
- Haldor Topsøe A/S
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - P. Beato
- Haldor Topsøe A/S
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
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Borfecchia E, Lomachenko KA, Giordanino F, Falsig H, Beato P, Soldatov AV, Bordiga S, Lamberti C. Revisiting the nature of Cu sites in the activated Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst for SCR reaction. Chem Sci 2015; 6:548-563. [PMID: 28936309 PMCID: PMC5588737 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02907k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu-SSZ-13 is a highly active NH3-SCR catalyst for the abatement of harmful nitrogen oxides (NO x , x = 1, 2) from the exhausts of lean-burn engines. The study of Cu-speciation occurring upon thermal dehydration is a key step for the understanding of the enhanced catalytic properties of this material and for identifying the SCR active sites and their redox capability. Herein, we combined FTIR, X-ray absorption (XAS) and emission (XES) spectroscopies with DFT computational analysis to elucidate the nature and location of the most abundant Cu sites in the activated catalyst. Different Cu species have been found to be dominant as a function of the dehydration temperature and conditions. Data analysis revealed that the dehydration process of Cu cations is essentially completed at 250 °C, with the formation of dehydrated [CuOH]+ species hosted in close proximity to 1-Al sites in both d6r and 8r units of the SSZ-13 matrix. These species persist at higher temperatures only if a certain amount of O2 is present in the gas feed, while under inert conditions they undergo virtually total "self-reduction" as a consequence of an OH extra-ligand loss, resulting in bi-coordinated bare Cu+ cations. Synchrotron characterization supported by computational analysis allowed an unprecedented quantitative refinement of the local environment and structural parameters of these Cu(ii) and Cu(i) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Borfecchia
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , via P. Giuria 7 , 10125 Turin , Italy .
- NIS Centre of Excellence , University of Turin , Italy
| | - K A Lomachenko
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , via P. Giuria 7 , 10125 Turin , Italy .
- Southern Federal University , Zorge street 5 , 344090 Rostov-on-Don , Russia
| | - F Giordanino
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , via P. Giuria 7 , 10125 Turin , Italy .
- NIS Centre of Excellence , University of Turin , Italy
| | - H Falsig
- Haldor Topsøe A/S , Nymøllevej 55, 2800 Kgs. , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - P Beato
- Haldor Topsøe A/S , Nymøllevej 55, 2800 Kgs. , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - A V Soldatov
- Southern Federal University , Zorge street 5 , 344090 Rostov-on-Don , Russia
| | - S Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , via P. Giuria 7 , 10125 Turin , Italy .
- NIS Centre of Excellence , University of Turin , Italy
| | - C Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Reference Center , University of Turin , via P. Giuria 7 , 10125 Turin , Italy .
- CrisDI Center of Crystallography , University of Turin , Italy
- Southern Federal University , Zorge street 5 , 344090 Rostov-on-Don , Russia
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Vendelbo SB, Elkjær CF, Falsig H, Puspitasari I, Dona P, Mele L, Morana B, Nelissen BJ, van Rijn R, Creemer JF, Kooyman PJ, Helveg S. Visualization of oscillatory behaviour of Pt nanoparticles catalysing CO oxidation. Nat Mater 2014; 13:884-90. [PMID: 25038730 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many catalytic reactions under fixed conditions exhibit oscillatory behaviour. The oscillations are often attributed to dynamic changes in the catalyst surface. So far, however, such relationships were difficult to determine for catalysts consisting of supported nanoparticles. Here, we employ a nanoreactor to study the oscillatory CO oxidation catalysed by Pt nanoparticles using time-resolved high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, mass spectrometry and calorimetry. The observations reveal that periodic changes in the CO oxidation are synchronous with a periodic refacetting of the Pt nanoparticles. The oscillatory reaction is modelled using density functional theory and mass transport calculations, considering the CO adsorption energy and the oxidation rate as site-dependent. We find that to successfully explain the oscillations, the model must contain the phenomenon of refacetting. The nanoreactor approach can thus provide atomic-scale information that is specific to surface sites. This will improve the understanding of dynamic properties in catalysis and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Vendelbo
- ChemE, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - C F Elkjær
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - H Falsig
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - I Puspitasari
- ChemE, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P Dona
- FEI Company, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L Mele
- FEI Company, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - B Morana
- DIMES-ECTM, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5053, 2600 GB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - B J Nelissen
- Albemarle Catalyst Company BV, PO Box 37650, 1030 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R van Rijn
- Leiden Probe Microscopy BV, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J F Creemer
- DIMES-ECTM, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5053, 2600 GB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P J Kooyman
- ChemE, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S Helveg
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Wang S, Petzold V, Tripkovic V, Kleis J, Howalt JG, Skúlason E, Fernández EM, Hvolbæk B, Jones G, Toftelund A, Falsig H, Björketun M, Studt F, Abild-Pedersen F, Rossmeisl J, Nørskov JK, Bligaard T. Universal transition state scaling relations for (de)hydrogenation over transition metals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20760-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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