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Schleicher F, Halisdemir U, Lacour D, Gallart M, Boukari S, Schmerber G, Davesne V, Panissod P, Halley D, Majjad H, Henry Y, Leconte B, Boulard A, Spor D, Beyer N, Kieber C, Sternitzky E, Cregut O, Ziegler M, Montaigne F, Beaurepaire E, Gilliot P, Hehn M, Bowen M. Localized states in advanced dielectrics from the vantage of spin- and symmetry-polarized tunnelling across MgO. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4547. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Halley D, Najjari N, Majjad H, Joly L, Ohresser P, Scheurer F, Ulhaq-Bouillet C, Berciaud S, Doudin B, Henry Y. Size-induced enhanced magnetoelectric effect and multiferroicity in chromium oxide nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3167. [PMID: 24452260 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of the magnetization of a material with an electric field would make the design and the integration of novel electronic devices possible. This explains the renewed interest in multiferroic materials. Progress in this field is currently hampered by the scarcity of the materials available and the smallness of the magnetoelectric effects. Here we present a proof-of-principle experiment showing that engineering large strains through nanoscale size reduction is an efficient route for increasing magnetoelectric coefficients by orders of magnitude. The archetype magnetoelectric material, Cr2O3, in the form of epitaxial clusters, exhibits an unprecedented 600% change in magnetization magnitude under 1 V. Furthermore, a multiferroic phase, with both magnetic and electric spontaneous polarizations, is found in the clusters, while absent in the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Halley
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - N Najjari
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - H Majjad
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - L Joly
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - P Ohresser
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Scheurer
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - C Ulhaq-Bouillet
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - S Berciaud
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - B Doudin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Y Henry
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Lunca Popa P, Dalmas G, Faramarzi V, Dayen JF, Majjad H, Kemp NT, Doudin B. Heteronanojunctions with atomic size control using a lab-on-chip electrochemical approach with integrated microfluidics. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:215302. [PMID: 21451221 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/21/215302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A versatile tool for electrochemical fabrication of heteronanojunctions with nanocontacts made of a few atoms and nanogaps of molecular spacing is presented. By integrating microfluidic circuitry in a lab-on-chip approach, we keep control of the electrochemical environment in the vicinity of the nanojunction and add new versatility for exchanging and controlling the junction's medium. Nanocontacts made of various materials by successive local controlled depositions are demonstrated, with electrical properties revealing sizes reaching a few atoms only. Investigations on benchmark molecular electronics material, trapped between electrodes, reveal the possibility to create nanogaps of size matching those of molecules. We illustrate the interest of a microfluidic approach by showing that exposure of a fabricated molecular junction to controlled high solvent flows can be used as a reliability criterion for the presence of molecular entities in a gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lunca Popa
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-UdS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France.
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Dayen JF, Faramarzi V, Pauly M, Kemp NT, Barbero M, Pichon BP, Majjad H, Begin-Colin S, Doudin B. Nanotrench for nano and microparticle electrical interconnects. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:335303. [PMID: 20660957 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/33/335303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple and versatile patterning procedure for the reliable and reproducible fabrication of high aspect ratio (10(4)) electrical interconnects that have separation distances down to 20 nm and lengths of several hundreds of microns. The process uses standard optical lithography techniques and allows parallel processing of many junctions, making it easily scalable and industrially relevant. We demonstrate the suitability of these nanotrenches as electrical interconnects for addressing micro and nanoparticles by realizing several circuits with integrated species. Furthermore, low impedance metal-metal low contacts are shown to be obtained when trapping a single metal-coated microsphere in the gap, emphasizing the intrinsic good electrical conductivity of the interconnects, even though a wet process is used. Highly resistive magnetite-based nanoparticles networks also demonstrate the advantage of the high aspect ratio of the nanotrenches for providing access to electrical properties of highly resistive materials, with leakage current levels below 1 pA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Dayen
- IPCMS-Department of Magnetic Objects on the Nanoscale, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, F-67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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