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ORELLANA-SERRADELL O, POBLETE C, SANCHEZ C, CASTELLÓN E, GALLEGOS I, HUIDOBRO C, LLANOS M, CONTRERAS H. Proapoptotic effect of endocannabinoids in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1599-608. [PMID: 25606819 PMCID: PMC4358087 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early stages, prostate cancer is androgen‑ dependent; therefore, medical castration has shown significant results during the initial stages of this pathology. Despite this early effect, advanced prostate cancer is resilient to such treatment. Recent evidence shows that derivatives of Cannabis sativa and its analogs may exert a protective effect against different types of oncologic pathologies. The purpose of the present study was to detect the presence of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) on cancer cells with a prostatic origin and to evaluate the effect of the in vitro use of synthetic analogs. In order to do this, we used a commercial cell line and primary cultures derived from prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The presence of the CB1 and CB2 receptors was determined by immunohistochemistry where we showed a higher expression of these receptors in later stages of the disease (samples with a high Gleason score). Later, treatments were conducted using anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and a synthetic analog of anandamide, methanandamide. Using the MTT assay, we proved that the treatments produced a cell growth inhibitory effect on all the different prostate cancer cultures. This effect was demonstrated to be dose-dependent. The use of a specific CB1 receptor blocker (SR141716) confirmed that this effect was produced primarily from the activation of the CB1 receptor. In order to understand the MTT assay results, we determined cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry, which showed no variation at the different cell cycle stages in all the cultures after treatment. Treatment with endocannabinoids resulted in an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells as determined by Annexin V assays and caused an increase in the levels of activated caspase-3 and a reduction in the levels of Bcl-2 confirming that the reduction in cell viability noted in the MTT assay was caused by the activation of the apoptotic pathway. Finally, we observed that endocannabinoid treatment activated the Erk pathway and at the same time, produced a decrease in the activation levels of the Akt pathway. Based on these results, we suggest that endocannabinoids may be a beneficial option for the treatment of prostate cancer that has become nonresponsive to common therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Endocannabinoids/pharmacology
- Glycerides/pharmacology
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/drug effects
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology
- Prostatic Hyperplasia/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/analysis
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/analysis
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/drug effects
- Rimonabant
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- O. ORELLANA-SERRADELL
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - C.E. POBLETE
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - C. SANCHEZ
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - E.A. CASTELLÓN
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - I. GALLEGOS
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Clinic Hospital of the University of Chile, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - C. HUIDOBRO
- Urology Service, Clinic Hospital of the University of Chile, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - M.N. LLANOS
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, INTA, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - H.R. CONTRERAS
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
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CONTRERAS H, PAREDES V, URQUIETA B, DEL VALLE L, BUSTOS-OBREG覰 E. Testosterone production and spermatogenic damage induced by organophosphorate pesticides. BIOCELL 2006. [DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2006.30.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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PEREZ JA, FARIAS CE, BRONSTEIN DL, CONTRERAS H, MUNARO N. [ASSOCIATION OF 4,4'-DIISOAMYLOXYTHIOCARBANILIDE AND PYRAZINAMIDE, AND 4,4'-DIISOAMYLOXYTHIOCARBANILIDE AND KANAMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS CAUSED BY BACTERIA RESISTANT TO THE 1ST LINE DRUGS]. Sem Med 1964; 124:549-54. [PMID: 14158157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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