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Sauvage V, Gomez J, Boizeau L, Vandenbogaert M, Barbier L, Tagny CT, Rakoto Alson AO, Bizimana P, Coulibaly SO, Boullahi MA, Soumana H, Mbensa G, Caro V, Laperche S. New insights into Human Pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) genotypes diversity in sub-Saharan Africa. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 94:104995. [PMID: 34246798 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of a viral discovery research program using metagenomics, Human Pegivirus-1 reads (HPgV-1, formerly known as GBV-C) were detected in plasma pools of healthy blood donors from seven sub-Saharan African countries. For five of these countries, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Burundi and Madagascar, no data about HPgV-1 genotypes was reported to date. To confirm our metagenomic findings and further investigate the genotype diversity and distribution of HPgV-1 in Africa, 400 blood donations from these five localities as well as from Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Burkina Faso were screened with a RT-nested PCR targeting the viral 5'NCR region. Amplified products were sequenced, and the virus was genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. Out of the 400 plasma samples tested, 65 were positive for HPgV-1 RNA and 61 were successfully genotyped. Among these, 54 strains (88.5%) clustered with genotype 1, six (9.8%) with genotype 2 and one (1.6%) with genotype 5. Genotype 1 was observed in all countries studied, except in Madagascar, genotype 2 was detected in Mauritania and Madagascar, and genotype 5 in DRC. Overall, our results extend the geographic distribution of HPgV-1 in Africa and provide six additional nearly complete genomes. Considering that some HPgV-1 genotypes have been reported as potential predictive indicators of lower disease progression in HIV-1 infected subjects, further investigations should be conducted to better understand the positive impact, if any, of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Sauvage
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Département d'études des Agents Transmissibles par le Sang, Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - Johanna Gomez
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Département d'études des Agents Transmissibles par le Sang, Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Laure Boizeau
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Département d'études des Agents Transmissibles par le Sang, Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Vandenbogaert
- Institut Pasteur, Pole for Genotyping of Pathogens (PGP), Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Léa Barbier
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Département d'études des Agents Transmissibles par le Sang, Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Claude Tayou Tagny
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of University of Yaounde I, Department of Hematology, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guy Mbensa
- National Blood Center, Kinshasa, Republic Democratic of Congo
| | - Valérie Caro
- Institut Pasteur, Pole for Genotyping of Pathogens (PGP), Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Syria Laperche
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Département d'études des Agents Transmissibles par le Sang, Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, F-75015 Paris, France
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Candotti D, Sauvage V, Cappy P, Boullahi MA, Bizimana P, Mbensa GO, Oumar Coulibaly S, Rakoto Alson AO, Soumana H, Tagny-Tayou C, Murphy EL, Laperche S. High rate of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus false-positive results in serologic screening in sub-Saharan Africa: adverse impact on the blood supply. Transfusion 2019; 60:106-116. [PMID: 31777096 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND False positivity in blood screening may cause unnecessary deferral of healthy donors and exacerbate blood shortages. An international multicenter study was conducted to estimate the frequency of HCV and HIV false seropositivity in seven African countries (Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Blood donations were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with rapid detection tests (RDTs), third-generation enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), or fourth-generation EIAs. HCV (456/16,613 [2.74%]) and HIV (249/16,675 [1.49%]) reactive samples were then confirmed with antigen/antibody assays, immunoblots, and nucleic acid testing. Partial viral sequences were analyzed when possible. RESULTS The HCV reactivity rate with RDTs was significantly lower than with EIAs (0.55% vs. 3.52%; p < 0.0001). The HIV reactivity rate with RDTs was lower than with third-generation EIAs (1.02% vs. 2.38%; p < 0.0001) but similar to a fourth-generation assay (1.09%). Only 16.0% (57/357) and 21.5% (38/177) of HCV and HIV initial reactive samples, respectively, were repeatedly reactive. HCV and HIV infections were confirmed in 13.2% and 13.7%, respectively, of repeated reactive donations. The predominant HCV genotype 2 and 4 strains in West and Central Africa showed high genetic variability. HIV-1 subtype CRF02_AG was most prevalent. CONCLUSION High rates (>80%) of unconfirmed anti-HCV and anti-HIV reactivity observed in several sub-Saharan countries highlights the need for better testing and confirmatory strategies for donors screening in Africa. Without confirmatory testing, HCV and HIV prevalence in African blood donors has probably been overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Candotti
- National Institute of Blood Transfusion/INTS, National Reference Center for Infectious Risk in Transfusion, Department of Blood-borne Agents, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Sauvage
- National Institute of Blood Transfusion/INTS, National Reference Center for Infectious Risk in Transfusion, Department of Blood-borne Agents, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cappy
- National Institute of Blood Transfusion/INTS, National Reference Center for Infectious Risk in Transfusion, Department of Blood-borne Agents, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claude Tagny-Tayou
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Edward L Murphy
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Syria Laperche
- National Institute of Blood Transfusion/INTS, National Reference Center for Infectious Risk in Transfusion, Department of Blood-borne Agents, Paris, France
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Sauvage V, Gomez J, Boizeau L, Vandenbogaert M, Haddad SK, Tagny CT, Rakoto O, Bizimana P, Guitteye H, Cire BB, Soumana H, Tchomba JBS, Caro V, Laperche S. Virome plasmatique de dons de sang collectés en Afrique sub-saharienne et en Amazonie Brésilienne. Transfus Clin Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2019.06.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sauvage V, Gomez J, Barray A, Vandenbogaert M, Boizeau L, Tagny CT, Rakoto O, Bizimana P, Guitteye H, Ciré BB, Soumana H, Tchomba JBS, Caro V, Laperche S. High prevalence of cyclovirus Vietnam (CyCV-VN) in plasma samples from Madagascan healthy blood donors. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2018; 66:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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