The effect of long-term ketogenic diet on serum adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in mice

OBJECTIVES

Noncommunicable disease (NCD) including obesity, cancer, and diabetes has become particular concern worldwide due to its morbidity and mortality which keep increasing annually. Adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are known to be substances that are involved in the development of NCD. Several diet regimens have been developed to treat NCD, one of which is the ketogenic diet (KD). This study aimed to analyze the long-term KD effect on serum adiponectin and IGF-1 levels in mice.

METHODS

This study was a real experimental with post-test only controls group design. The subjects were 14 male mice (2-3 months, 20-30 g) were randomly divided into two groups, K1 (n=7, standard diet) and K2 (n=7, KD with a composition of 60% fat, 30% protein, and 10% fiber). All subjects were given diet intervention for 8 weeks ad libitum. Serum adiponectin and IGF levels were measured in post-intervention using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Distribution of normality was analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk Test, mean difference using Independent T-Test, and linear correlation using Pearson's Correlation Test. Data analysis was performed using Statistic Package for Social Science Version 16.

RESULTS

Serum adiponectin levels in K1 (0.080 ± 0.012) pg/mL and K2 (0.099 ± 0.005) pg/mL, with p=0.003. Serum IGF-1 levels in K1 (133.535 ± 25.702) ng/mL and K2 (109.987 ± 27.118) ng/mL, with p=0.121. Coefficient correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels [r]=-0.401, with p=0.155.

CONCLUSIONS

Long-term KD increases serum adiponectin levels and has no effect on serum IGF-1 levels. There was no significant correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels.

Effect of Long-Term Ketogenic Diet in Mice Serum Adiponectin

Highlight:Adiponectin is an important protective factor for cardiovascular disease and increased insulin sensitivity.Ketogenic diet effect on adiponectin level in mice besides decrease weight gain was determined.The difference in serum adiponectin level and body weight is uncorrelated. Abstract:Ketogenic diet is a popular diet to reduce weight gain quickly. This diet has become a lifestyle . The ketogenic diet has been reported to affect adiponectin level, although it is still contraindicated. Adiponectin is a biomarker for metabolic disease that plays an important role as a protective factor for cardiovascular disease and increase insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to explore the effect of the ketogenic diet on adiponectin level in mice, besides decrease weight gain. This study was an experimental laboratory study with a randomized post-test-only control group design. Fourteen male mice (20-30 g) aged 2-3 months were divided randomly into K1 (n=7, standard diet) and K2 (n=7, ketogenic diet), were given diet for eight weeks, ad libitum. Body weight was measured at the pre and post-intervention, whereas adiponectin level were measured at the post-intervention using ELISA. The statistical analysis using SPSS version 16. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to determine normality, Independent T-Test was used to determine mean difference for normal distribution, Mann Whitney Test was used to determine mean difference for abnormal distribution, and Pearson Correlation was used to determine correlation. Difference (∆) of body weight on K1 (12.00±6.26) g, K2 (1.29±7.41) g with p=0.02. Serum adiponectin level of K1 (0.082±0.014) µg/ml and K2 (0.096±0.008) µg/ml with p=0.035. This study showed ketogenic diet-induced higher serum adiponectin level and slower weight gain. There is no correlation between the difference in body weight and serum adiponectin level (p=0.403).