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Ward K, Chettier R, Albertsen HM. Endometriosis risk allele in Wnt4 may interact with rare mutations in HDAC2 gene. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ward K, Chettier R, Albertsen HM, Morgan T, Williams T. Somatic cancer driver mutations in endometriosis lesions contribute to secondary cancer risk. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Albertsen HM, Chettier R, Ward K. Cytoskeletal and extra cellular matrix genes are key contributors in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Albertsen HM, Matalliotaki C, Matalliotakis M, Zervou MI, Matalliotakis I, Spandidos DA, Chettier R, Ward K, Goulielmos GN. Whole exome sequencing identifies hemizygous deletions in the UGT2B28 and USP17L2 genes in a three‑generation family with endometriosis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1716-1720. [PMID: 30628680 PMCID: PMC6390005 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an enigmatic condition with an unknown etiology and a poorly understood pathogenesis. It is considered to appear from the interplay of many genetic and environmental factors, affecting up to 10% of women and represents a major cause of pain and infertility. The familial association of endometriosis, as demonstrated through monozygotic twin and family studies suggests a genetic contribution to the disease, with further case-control and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) detecting various endometriosis risk factors. In a recent study, we described a unique, three-generation family of Cretan origin (Greece) with 7 females with surgically confirmed endometriosis (grandmother, 3 daughters and 3 granddaughters). All the affected members of this family displayed a variety of clinical manifestations and complications. In the present study, to further analyze the genetic variants conferring the risk of developing endometriosis, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed, using the AmpliSeq technology on the Ion Proton platform. An initial analysis of 64 variants that were detected across the 14 genes previously confirmed to be associated with endometriosis, did not identify any deleterious exonic variants in these genes. However, further analysis revealed 2 hemizygous deletions in the grandmother that segregate in several of her affected offspring. The first deletion was found in the UGT2B28 locus, spanning 7 informative sequence variants across at least 14 kb. The second deletion, located in USP17L2, spans 3 informative variants across at least 2 kb. On the whole, the findings of the presents study implicate 2 additional genes in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, apart from those already identified by GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charoula Matalliotaki
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Michail Matalliotakis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Maria I Zervou
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 710 03, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Matalliotakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 714 09, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 710 03, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Kenneth Ward
- Juneau Biosciences, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - George N Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 710 03, Crete, Greece
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Matalliotaki C, Matalliotakis M, Zervou MI, Trivli A, Matalliotakis I, Mavromatidis G, Spandidos DA, Albertsen HM, Chettier R, Ward K, Goulielmos GN. Co-existence of endometriosis with 13 non-gynecological co-morbidities: Mutation analysis by whole exome sequencing. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5053-5057. [PMID: 30272298 PMCID: PMC6236265 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an enigmatic condition with an unknown etiology and poorly understood pathogenesis and women with endometriosis represent a high-risk population group for a large category of chronic conditions. The study focused on a 67-year-old woman who presented with a 40-year history of familial endometriosis associated with various non-gynecological co-morbidities, thus representing a unique case from a cohort of 1,000 patients with endometriosis. Her family history included infertile members suffering from endometriosis. Thirteen non-gynecological co-morbidities were documented throughout the years, including five autoimmune diseases (i.e., systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, bronchial asthma and Crohn's disease), urinary bladder diverticulum, osteoporosis, multinodular goiter, cardiovascular diseases, gastroesophageal reflux disease, malignant tumor of urinary bladder, Barrett's esophagus and bilateral cataract. In order to understand the potential role of gene mutations in the development of all those co-morbidities, whole exome sequencing was performed and the presence of various disease-associated, potentially causal missense variants, were observed. These findings are in accordance with the previously suggested common underlying etiologic pathway for some, but not all, autoimmune disorders. This unusual case provides novel insights demonstrating that endometriosis can coexist with various chronic autoimmune diseases and other conditions, including non-gynecological malignancies, which possibly share a common genetic cause, a fact that should be taken into consideration seriously by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charoula Matalliotaki
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Michail Matalliotakis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Maria I Zervou
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Alexandra Trivli
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Ioannis Matalliotakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - George Mavromatidis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | | | | | - Kenneth Ward
- Juneau Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA
| | - George N Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Albertsen HM, Ward K. Genes Linked to Endometriosis by GWAS Are Integral to Cytoskeleton Regulation and Suggests That Mesothelial Barrier Homeostasis Is a Factor in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:803-811. [PMID: 27470151 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116660847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, defined by the presence of ectopic endometrial lesions, is a common disease in reproductive-age women that profoundly affects patients' quality of life. Various pathogenic models have been proposed, but the origin of endometriosis remains elusive. In this article, we propose that the mesothelial barrier, which protects the underlying stroma from endometrial transplants present in retrograde menstrual fluid, can be compromised by activation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) repair mechanism that lead to temporary loss of barrier integrity. Absent of the mesothelial barrier, endometrial cells can more readily adhere to the underlying peritoneal stroma and establish endometrial lesions. The hypothesis is based on the clinical and experimental observations that correlate the location of endometrial lesions with areas of mesothelial damage, together with genetic evidence that 4 genes associated with endometriosis are direct regulators of the actin-cytoskeleton, which coordinates mesothelial barrier integrity. It supports past observations that implicate the peritoneum in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and unifies previously disparate theories that endometriosis may be triggered by infection, mechanical damage, and inflammation since each of these mechanisms can induce EMT in the mesothelium. If the hypothesis is correct, inhibition of EMT in the mesothelial barrier provides a novel paradigm for the prevention and treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Ward
- 1 Juneau Biosciences, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Chettier R, Nelson L, Ogilvie JW, Albertsen HM, Ward K. Haplotypes at LBX1 have distinct inheritance patterns with opposite effects in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117708. [PMID: 25675428 PMCID: PMC4326419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a clinically significant disorder with high heritability that affects 2–4% of the population. Genome-wide association studies have identified LBX1 as a strong susceptibility locus for AIS in Asian and Caucasian populations. Here we further dissect the genetic association with AIS in a Caucasian population. To identify genetic markers associated with AIS we employed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) design comparing 620 female Caucasian patients who developed idiopathic scoliosis during adolescence with 1,287 ethnically matched females who had normal spinal curves by skeletal maturity. The genomic region around LBX1 was imputed and haplotypes investigated for genetic signals under different inheritance models. The strongest signal was identified upstream of LBX1 (rs11190878, Ptrend = 4.18×10-9, OR = 0.63[0.54–0.74]). None of the remaining SNPs pass the genome-wide significance threshold. We found rs11190870, downstream of LBX1 and previously associated with AIS in Asian populations, to be in modest linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs11190878 (r2 = 0.40, D' = 0.81). Haplotype analysis shows that rs11190870 and rs11190878 track a single risk factor that resides on the ancestral haplotype and is shared across ethnic groups. We identify six haplotypes at the LBX1 locus including two strongly associated haplotypes; a recessive risk haplotype (TTA, Controlfreq = 0.52, P = 1.25×10-9, OR = 1.56), and a co-dominant protective haplotype (CCG, Controlfreq = 0.28, P = 2.75×10-7, OR = 0.65). Together the association signals from LBX1 explain 1.4% of phenotypic variance. Our results identify two clinically relevant haplotypes in the LBX1-region with opposite effects on AIS risk. The study demonstrates the utility of haplotypes over un-phased SNPs for individualized risk assessment by more strongly delineating individuals at risk for AIS without compromising the effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Chettier
- Affiliated Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84109, United States of America
| | - Lesa Nelson
- Affiliated Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84109, United States of America
| | - James W. Ogilvie
- Lucina Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84109, United States of America
| | - Hans M. Albertsen
- Juneau Biosciences, LLC., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84109, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Ward
- Affiliated Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84109, United States of America
- Juneau Biosciences, LLC., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84109, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
DOC-2 is a human gene originally identified as a 767-bp cDNA fragment isolated from normal ovarian epithelial cells by differential display against ovarian carcinoma cells. We have now determined the complete cDNA sequence of the 3.2-kb DOC-2 transcript and localized the gene to chromosome 5. A 12.5-kb genomic fragment at the 5'-end of DOC-2 has also been sequenced, revealing the intron-exon structure of the first eight exons (788 bases) of the DOC-2 gene. Translation of the DOC-2 cDNA predicts a hydrophobic protein of 770 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 82.5 kDa. Comparison of the DNA and amino acid sequences of DOC-2 to publicly accessible sequence databases revealed 83% identify to p96, a murine protein of similar size, thought to be a mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein. In addition, about 45% identity was observed between the first 140 N-terminal residues of DOC-2 and the Caenorhabditas elegans M110.5 and Drosophila melanogaster Dab genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Albertsen
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Brothman AR, Steele MR, Williams BJ, Jones E, Odelberg S, Albertsen HM, Jorde LB, Rohr LR, Stephenson RA. Loss of chromosome 17 loci in prostate cancer detected by polymerase chain reaction quantitation of allelic markers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995; 13:278-84. [PMID: 7547636 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870130408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a polymerase chain reaction/microsatellite marker system, we demonstrated that 6 of 22 (27%) clinical stage B (early) primary prostate tumors showed loss of heterozygosity at one or more of five loci on chromosome 17. The sensitivity of this study was increased by use of a PhosphorImager and statistical analysis of replicate tumor-normal DNA pairs. Two patients showed tumor-specific interstitial loss at a locus in close proximity to the familial breast cancer gene BRCA1. These findings suggest that genes on the proximal long arm of chromosome 17 play a pivotal role in the early development of at least a subset of prostatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Brothman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
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Albertsen HM, Smith SA, Mazoyer S, Fujimoto E, Stevens J, Williams B, Rodriguez P, Cropp CS, Slijepcevic P, Carlson M. A physical map and candidate genes in the BRCA1 region on chromosome 17q12-21. Nat Genet 1994; 7:472-9. [PMID: 7951316 DOI: 10.1038/ng0894-472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed a physical map of a 4 cM region on chromosome 17q12-21 that contains the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer gene BRCA1. The map comprises a contig of 137 overlapping yeast artificial chromosomes and P1 clones, onto which we have placed 112 PCR markers. We have localized more than 20 genes on this map, ten of which had not been mapped to the region previously, and have isolated 30 cDNA clones representing partial sequences of as yet unidentified genes. Two genes that lie within a narrow region defined by meiotic breakpoints in BRCA1 patients have been sequenced in breast cancer patients without revealing any deleterious mutations. These new reagents should facilitate the identification of BRCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Albertsen
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112
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Abstract
To provide a more precise genetic map of the p22.3-p21.2 region on the short arm of the human X chromosome, we performed multilocus linkage studies in an expanded database including 31 retinoschisis families and 40 normal families. Twelve loci from this region were examined. Although significant lod scores were observed between various pairs of markers by two-point linkage analysis, the confidence limits were found to be broad. The most likely gene order on the basis of multilocus analysis was Xpter-DXS89-DXS85-DXS16-(DXS207,DXS43++ +)-DXS274-(DXS41, DXS92)-ZFX-DXS164-Xcen. All other alternative orders were excluded by odds of at least 40:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alitalo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Albertsen HM, Abderrahim H, Cann HM, Dausset J, Le Paslier D, Cohen D. Construction and characterization of a yeast artificial chromosome library containing seven haploid human genome equivalents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:4256-60. [PMID: 2190217 PMCID: PMC54087 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.11.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to constructing a library of yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) containing very large human DNA fragments, we performed a series of preliminary experiments aimed at developing a suitable protocol. We found an inverse relationship between YAC insert size and transformation efficiency. Evidence of occasional rearrangement within YAC inserts was found resulting in clonally stable internal deletions or clonally unstable size variations. A protocol was developed for preparative electrophoretic enrichment of high molecular mass human DNA fragments from partial restriction digests and ligation with the YAC vector in agarose. A YAC library has been constructed from large fragments of DNA from an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblastoid cell line. The library presently contains 50,000 clones, 95% of which are greater than 250 kilobase pairs in size. The mean YAC size of the library, calculated from 132 randomly isolated clones, is 430 kilobase pairs. The library thus contains the equivalent of approximately seven haploid human genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Albertsen
- Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
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Albertsen HM, Le Paslier D, Abderrahim H, Dausset J, Cann H, Cohen D. Improved control of partial DNA restriction enzyme digest in agarose using limiting concentrations of Mg++. Nucleic Acids Res 1989; 17:808. [PMID: 2915934 PMCID: PMC331632 DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.2.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H M Albertsen
- Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
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Kruse TA, Ahrens P, Albertsen HM, Jørgensen B, Vestergaard SR. An anonymous single copy X-chromosome clone, pTAK8, identifies a frequent RFLP at Xp11-q12(HGM8 no. DXS146). Nucleic Acids Res 1986; 14:1921. [PMID: 3005986 PMCID: PMC339589 DOI: 10.1093/nar/14.4.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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