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Mohapatra KK, Nayak AK, Patra RK, Tripathi R, Swain CK, Moharana KC, Kumar A, Shahid M, Mohanty S, Garnaik S, Nayak HS, Mohapatra S, Nagothu US, Tesfai M. Multi-criteria assessment to screen climate smart rice establishment techniques in coastal rice production system of India. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1130545. [PMID: 37143878 PMCID: PMC10151676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Conventional rice production techniques are less economical and more vulnerable to sustainable utilization of farm resources as well as significantly contributed GHGs to atmosphere. Methods In order to assess the best rice production system for coastal areas, six rice production techniques were evaluated, including SRI-AWD (system of rice intensification with alternate wetting and drying (AWD)), DSR-CF (direct seeded rice with continuous flooding (CF)), DSR-AWD (direct seeded rice with AWD), TPR-CF (transplanted rice with CF), TPR-AWD (transplanted rice with AWD), and FPR-CF (farmer practice with CF). The performance of these technologies was assessed using indicators such as rice productivity, energy balance, GWP (global warming potential), soil health indicators, and profitability. Finally, using these indicators, a climate smartness index (CSI) was calculated. Results and discussion Rice grown with SRI-AWD method had 54.8 % higher CSI over FPR-CF, and also give 24.5 to 28.3% higher CSI for DSR and TPR as well. There evaluations based on the climate smartness index can provide cleaner and more sustainable rice production and can be used as guiding principle for policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
- Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, India
| | - A. K. Nayak
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
- *Correspondence: A. K. Nayak,
| | - R. K. Patra
- Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - Chinmaya Kumar Swain
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - K. C. Moharana
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - Anjani Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - Sangita Mohanty
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - Saheed Garnaik
- Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, India
| | | | - Simran Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | | | - M. Tesfai
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Oslo, Norway
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Abdallah AM, Parihar CM, Patra S, Nayak HS, Saharawat YS, Singh U, Parihar MD, Kakraliya SK, Nassar IN, Ugolini F, Zohir WF, Shalaby MM. Critical evaluation of functional aspects of evaporation barriers through environmental and economics lens for evaporation suppression - A review on milestones from improved technologies. Sci Total Environ 2021; 788:147800. [PMID: 34029812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change models predict an increase in rainfall variability, leading to floods and drought events, hence intensifying the need for reservoirs. However, up to 50% of reservoirs' capacity is lost by evaporation, affecting their function of ensuring water availability and stability. Over decades biological, chemical and physical barriers "covers" were developed for inhibiting evaporation. Such barrier's efficiency and applicability are still a matter of discussion, given their economic efficiency, environmental consequences, and operational difficulties are accounted for. In this review, we discussed the efficiency, applicability, and environmental suitability of these covers. Compared to the physical covers, the chemical and biological solutions tend to be less efficient. However, the use of physical covers is multidisciplinary, involving climate, material, and hydrological sciences, and are more efficient. Among the physical covers, the use of suspended covers and free-floating elements decreases evaporation to the tune of 85 and 80.0%, respectively. However, the economic efficiency of free-floating elements remains an open question since all studies overlooked their water footprint (water used in the manufacturing process of these covers), which was found to be very high. The use of these covers decreases heat storage, gas exchange rate, and light availability that could adversely influence dissolved oxygen, water quality, aquatic organisms, and the water ecosystem's function. These ecological consequences have not yet been investigated. The exception is the suspended covers, which have had determinate effects on dissolved oxygen and algae growth. Due to light weight, floating elements' operation is unstable and vulnerable to move due to wind effects. Therefore, such covers must be engineered to increase their stability. Free-floating elements could provide a visible and scalable solution to evaporation suppression when considering their economic visibility, environmental effects, and stability against wind and wave effects under the field conditions. However, these covers can be viable only when water availability is the limiting factor in crop production. We found that studies at reservoir scale are highly limited, therefore, investigations at reservoirs' scale emphasizing ecological aspects, cover stability and cost efficiency, are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C M Parihar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India.
| | - Sridhar Patra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC), Dehradun, India.
| | - H S Nayak
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India.
| | - Y S Saharawat
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC-India), New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Singh
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC-USA), AL, USA
| | - M D Parihar
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, India
| | - S K Kakraliya
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal, India
| | | | - Francesca Ugolini
- Institute of Bioeconomy - National Research Council, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Wafaa F Zohir
- Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Maram M Shalaby
- Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Jat SL, Parihar CM, Singh AK, Kumar B, Choudhary M, Nayak HS, Parihar MD, Parihar N, Meena BR. Energy auditing and carbon footprint under long-term conservation agriculture-based intensive maize systems with diverse inorganic nitrogen management options. Sci Total Environ 2019; 664:659-668. [PMID: 30763846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A greater energy grant in diesel-fed machinery driven farming substantiate the higher GHGs emission along with improper input (fertilizer, pesticide and irrigation) use and intensive soil management. Practicing conservation tillage, residue retention and diversified crop rotations were advocated because of their multiple benefits. Hence we explored the energy requirement and carbon footprint of conservation agriculture (CA) based maize production systems. Coated N fertilizer [sulphur coated urea (SCU) and neem coated urea (NCU)] were compared with unfertilized and uncoated prilled urea (PU) in the scenario of with and without residue retention on permanent beds (PB) under diversified maize systems [MMuMb, maize-mustard-mungbean and MWMb, maize-wheat-mungbean] in search of a sustainable and energy efficient production system with lesser C-footprint. Results of the 4-year study showed that crops planted on permanent bed with crop residue (PB+R) registered 11.7% increase in system productivity compared to PB without residue (PB-R). N management through Neem coated urea (NCU) recorded 2.3 and 10.9% higher system productivity compared with non-coated prilled urea plot under PB-R and PB+R, respectively. MMuMb was marginally superior than MWMb system in terms of cropping sequence yield, profitability, and energy and carbon use efficiency. Crop residue retention in zero tilled PB increased cost of cultivation by 125 and 147 USD/ha in MMuMb and MWMb systems, respectively. The quantified carbon footprint value was higher in MWMb system. In CA-based practices, crop residues management contributed the highest energy input (61.5-68.4%) followed by fertilizer application (17-20%). Among N management practices, neem coated urea (NCU) significantly improved system productivity and profitability in all the residue applied plots compared to un-fertilized and prilled urea (PU) applied plots. Similarly, higher energy output was also observed in NCU treated plots. However, carbon footprint value was higher in PU (268-285 CO2-e kg/Mg) plots than NCU (259-264 CO2-e kg/Mg) treated plots. Thus, the study supports and recommends that the CA-based MMuMb system with efficient N management through NCU is an environmentally safe, clean and energy efficient one, hence can reduce carbon footprint, will ensure food security and will mitigate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Jat
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - C M Parihar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi 110012, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - A K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - B Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - M Choudhary
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute (IGFRI), Jhansi 284003, India
| | - H S Nayak
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - M D Parihar
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar 125004, India
| | - N Parihar
- Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110 042, India
| | - B R Meena
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
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Parihar CM, Parihar MD, Sapkota TB, Nanwal RK, Singh AK, Jat SL, Nayak HS, Mahala DM, Singh LK, Kakraliya SK, Stirling CM, Jat ML. Long-term impact of conservation agriculture and diversified maize rotations on carbon pools and stocks, mineral nitrogen fractions and nitrous oxide fluxes in inceptisol of India. Sci Total Environ 2018; 640-641:1382-1392. [PMID: 30021305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing scarcity of production resources such as water, energy and labour coupled with growing climatic risks, maize-based production systems could be potential alternatives to intensive rice-wheat (RW) rotation in western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). Conservation agriculture (CA) in maize systems has been widely promoted for minimizing soil degradation and ensuring sustainability under emerging climate change scenario. Such practices are also believed to provide mitigation co-benefits through reduced GHG emission and increased soil carbon sequestration. However, the combined effects of diversified crop rotations and CA-based management on GHG mitigation potential and other co-benefits are generally over looked and hence warrant greater attention. A field trial was conducted for 5-years to assess the changes in soil organic carbon fractions, mineral-N, N2O emission and global warming potential (GWP) of maize-based production systems under different tillage & crop establishment methods. Four diversified cropping systems i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean (MWMb), maize-chickpea-Sesbania (MCS), maize-mustard-mungbean (MMuMb) and maize-maize-Sesbania (MMS) were factorially combined with three tillage & crop establishment methods i.e. zero tilled permanent beds (PB), zero-tillage flat (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) in a split-plot design. After 5-years of continued experimentation, we recorded that across the soil depths, SOC content, its pools and mineral-N fractions were greatly affected by tillage & crop establishment methods and cropping systems. ZT and PB increased SOC stock (0-30 cm depth) by 7.22-7.23 Mg C ha-1 whereas CT system increased it only by 0.88 Mg C ha-1as compared to initial value. Several researchers reported that SOC & mineral-N fraction contents in the top 30 cm soil depth are correlated with N2O-N emission. In our study, global warming potential (GWP) under CT system was higher by 18.1 and 17.4%, compared to CA-based ZT and PB, respectively. Among various maize systems, GWP of MMS were higher by 11.2, 6.7 and 6.6%, compared that of MWMb (1212 kg CO2-eq. ha-1), MCS (1274 kg CO2-eq. ha-1) and MMuMb (1275 kg CO2-eq. ha-1), respectively. The results of our study suggest that CA and diversified crop rotations should be promoted in north-western IGP and other similar agro-ecologies across the globe for ensuring food security, restoration of soil health and climate change mitigation, the key sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Parihar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi 110012, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - M D Parihar
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125006, Haryana, India
| | - Tek B Sapkota
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - R K Nanwal
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125006, Haryana, India
| | - A K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S L Jat
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - H S Nayak
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - D M Mahala
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - L K Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - S K Kakraliya
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125006, Haryana, India; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Clare M Stirling
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico
| | - M L Jat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi 110 012, India.
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Nayak HS. Smallscale industries for production of nutrition substitutes. Indian Pediatr 1975; 12:52-3. [PMID: 1158460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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