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Poh ME, Chai CS, Liam CK, Ho GF, Pang YK, Hasbullah HH, Tho LM, Muhamad Nor I, Ho KF, Thiagarajan M, Samsudin A, Omar A, Ong CK, Soon SY, Tan SN, How SH. Does dose reduction of afatinib affect treatment outcomes of patients with EGFR-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in real-world clinical practice? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:307-320. [PMID: 38496703 PMCID: PMC10938108 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Afatinib can be started at a dose lower than the recommended starting dose of 40 mg/day for the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however treatment outcomes in real-world clinical practice remains unclear. Methods This retrospective study of patients with NSCLC from 18 major hospitals (public, private or university teaching hospitals) enrolled in Malaysia's National Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgical Database (NCTSD) assessed the efficacy of lower doses of afatinib on treatment outcomes in a real-world clinical practice. Data on clinical characteristics, afatinib dosing, and treatment outcomes for patients included in NCTSD from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2020 were analyzed. Results Of the 133 patients studied, 94.7% had adenocarcinoma. Majority of the patients (60.9%) had EGFR exon 19 deletion and 23.3% had EGFR exon 21 L858R point mutation. The mean age of patients was 64.1 years and majority (83.5%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2-4 at diagnosis. The most common afatinib starting doses were 40 mg (37.6%), 30 mg (29.3%), and 20 mg (26.3%) once daily (OD), respectively. A quarter of patients had dose reduction (23.3%) due to side effects or cost constraints. Majority of the patients had partial response to afatinib (63.2%) whilst 2.3% had complete response. Interestingly, the objective response rate was significantly higher (72.3%) with afatinib OD doses of less than 40 mg compared to 40 mg (54.0%) (P=0.032). Patients on lower doses of afatinib were two times more likely to achieve an objective response [odds ratio =2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-5.83; P=0.016]. These patients had a numerically but not statistically longer median time to treatment failure (TTF). Median TTF (95% CI) for the overall cohort was 12.4 (10.02-14.78) months. Median overall survival (95% CI) was 21.30 (15.86-26.75) months. Conclusions Lower afatinib doses (<40 mg OD) could be equally effective as standard dose in patients with EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC and may be more suited to Asian patients, minimizing side effects that may occur at higher dosages of afatinib leading to dose interruptions and affecting treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mau Ern Poh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Shee Chai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Chong Kin Liam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gwo Fuang Ho
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Kek Pang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Harissa Husainy Hasbullah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor, Malaysia
- Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, General Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lye Mun Tho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Beacon Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ibtisam Muhamad Nor
- Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, General Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kean Fatt Ho
- Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Azlina Samsudin
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azza Omar
- Respiratory Unit, Medical Department, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Sin Nee Tan
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Soon Hin How
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
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2
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Omar RM, Ismail IA, Yasin MM, Affandi KA, Hasbullah HH, Ali NDM. The Elusive Primary: Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Breast Presenting Solely as a Hard Sternal Mass. Am J Case Rep 2023; 24:e940594. [PMID: 37608536 PMCID: PMC10578501 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.940594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a diverse category of malignancies diagnosed in patients who have metastatic disease but without an identifiable primary tumor at initial presentation. CASE REPORT We report a case of CUP which was later diagnosed to be metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast in a 62-year-old woman. The patient initially presented to a primary care clinic with an incidental finding of a small hard mass in the middle of the sternum, with no other clinical findings in the breast or axillary lymph nodes. Chest X-ray, ultrasound, and CT scan of the sternum suggested a benign sternal lesion, and a mammogram was normal. Due to the persistence of the mass, a biopsy was performed. The histopathological findings revealed a metastatic adenocarcinoma, most likely from breast origin, with positive estrogen receptor (ER) and mammaglobin on immunohistochemistry studies. The patient subsequently underwent PET scan, repeat mammogram, and MRI of the breast. Following high uptake in the rectum on PET, a colonoscopy was performed, revealing a suspicious rectal mass. The mass was surgically excised, and the final histopathological examination concluded the mass was a second primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Genetic analyses for BRCA1 and BRCA2 were negative. CONCLUSIONS This is a rare case of an isolated bone-like lesion on the sternum due to metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast in a patient with no prior history of breast cancer and lacking any clinical or radiological evidence of breast or axillary lymph node lesions on presentation. The patient was also subsequently diagnosed with 2 primary carcinomas. Thorough clinical examination, extensive radiological investigations, laboratory investigations, histopathological examination, and a multidisciplinary approach are essential in managing CUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozaliekah Mohd Omar
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ilham Ameera Ismail
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazapuspavina Md Yasin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khairunisa Ahmad Affandi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Harissa Husainy Hasbullah
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norliana Dalila Mohamad Ali
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Sham NFR, Hasani NAH, Hasan N, Karim MKA, Fuad SBSA, Hasbullah HH, Ibahim MJ. Acquired radioresistance in EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cell line is mediated by CTLA-4 and PD-1 through JAK/STAT/PI3K pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3108. [PMID: 36813833 PMCID: PMC9946948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer recurrence is often associated with the acquisition of radioresistance by cancer tissues due to failure in radiotherapy. The underlying mechanism leading to the development of acquired radioresistance in the EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cell line and the potential pathway involved was investigated by comparing differential gene expressions between parental and acquired radioresistance cells. EMT6 cell line was exposed to 2 Gy/per cycle of gamma-ray and the survival fraction between EMT6-treated and parental cells was compared. EMT6RR_MJI (acquired radioresistance) cells was developed after 8 cycles of fractionated irradiation. The development of EMT6RR_MJI cells was confirmed with further irradiation at different doses of gamma-ray, and both the survival fraction and migration rates were measured. Higher survival fraction and migration rates were obtained in EMT6RR_MJI cells after exposure to 4 Gy and 8 Gy gamma-ray irradiations compared to their parental cells. Gene expression between EMT6RR_MJI and parental cells was compared, and 16 genes identified to possess more than tenfold changes were selected and validated using RT-PCR. Out of these genes, 5 were significantly up-regulated i.e., IL-6, PDL-1, AXL, GAS6 and APCDD1. Based on pathway analysis software, the development of acquired radioresistance in EMT6RR_MJI was hypothesized through JAK/STAT/PI3K pathway. Presently, CTLA-4 and PD-1 were determined to be associated with JAK/STAT/PI3K pathway, where both their expressions were significantly increased in EMT6RR_MJI compared to parental cells in the 1st, 4th and 8th cycle of radiation. As a conclusion, the current findings provided a mechanistic platform for the development of acquired radioresistance in EMT6RR_MJI through overexpression of CTLA-4 and PD-1, and novel knowledge on therapeutic targets for recurrent radioresistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatihah Ronny Sham
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Narimah Abdul Hamid Hasani
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurhaslina Hasan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Syed Baharom Syed Ahmad Fuad
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Harissa Husainy Hasbullah
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Johari Ibahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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4
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Sathasivam HP, Chew SYL, Kim WR, Saw CL, Tan LP, Tengku Din TADAA, Adam NA, Hasbullah HH, Wan Sohaimi WF, Tan TY, Lum CL, Pua KC, Khoo ASB. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in adolescent patients: A Case Series. Clin Otolaryngol 2022; 47:486-490. [PMID: 35170855 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Majority of adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients present with advanced locoregional disease. 2. The ethnic distribution of patients with adolescent NPC could be different from that of adult NPC suggesting a possible difference in aetiopathogenesis. 3. The late presentation of adolescent NPC underlies the importance of recognizing the clinical presentation and characteristics of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Prakash Sathasivam
- Biobank Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Selina Yuet Ling Chew
- Biobank Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.,Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Ric Kim
- Biobank Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.,Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Lynn Saw
- Penang Health Services, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Lu-Ping Tan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurul-Ashikin Adam
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Harissa Husainy Hasbullah
- Faculty of Medicine, MARA Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Malaysia.,Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Wan Fatihah Wan Sohaimi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and Oncology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tee-Yong Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Lun Lum
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Kin-Choo Pua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Penang Hospital, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
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5
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Yoshino T, Argilés G, Oki E, Martinelli E, Taniguchi H, Arnold D, Mishima S, Li Y, Smruti BK, Ahn JB, Faud I, Chee CE, Yeh KH, Lin PC, Chua C, Hasbullah HH, Lee MA, Sharma A, Sun Y, Curigliano G, Bando H, Lordick F, Yamanaka T, Tabernero J, Baba E, Cervantes A, Ohtsu A, Peters S, Ishioka C, Pentheroudakis G. Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis treatment and follow-up of patients with localised colon cancer. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1496-1510. [PMID: 34411693 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of localised colon cancer was published in 2020. It was decided by both the ESMO and the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology (JSMO) to convene a special virtual guidelines meeting in March 2021 to adapt the ESMO 2020 guidelines to take into account the ethnic differences associated with the treatment of localised colon cancer in Asian patients. These guidelines represent the consensus opinions reached by experts in the treatment of patients with localised colon cancer representing the oncological societies of Japan (JSMO), China (CSCO), India (ISMPO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), Singapore (SSO) and Taiwan (TOS). The voting was based on scientific evidence and was independent of the current treatment practices and drug availability and reimbursement situations in the different Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - G Argilés
- Luis Diaz Laboratory, MSKCC, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - E Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - E Martinelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - H Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - D Arnold
- Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, AK Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Mishima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Y Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B K Smruti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre and Bombay Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - J B Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Faud
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C E Chee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K-H Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-C Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C Chua
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H H Hasbullah
- Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UiTM Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M A Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - G Curigliano
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IRCCS and University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - H Bando
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - F Lordick
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - J Tabernero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), UVic-UCC, IOB-Quiron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A Cervantes
- CIBERONC, Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Health Research, INCLIVIA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Ohtsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - S Peters
- Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Ishioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Hasbullah HH, MdYusof FW, Ahmad AH, Alzallal O, T Sharif SET. Metastatic Prostate Cancer Synchronous with Male Breast Papillary Ductal Carcinoma in situ: Management Dilemma and Literature Review. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:784-791. [PMID: 34177531 PMCID: PMC8215967 DOI: 10.1159/000515784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is common in men, but tumour of the male breast is rare. For these two tumours to be presented synchronously in a male patient is even rarer. The focus of this paper is the case of a 72-year-old man diagnosed with papillary ductal carcinoma in situ after he presented with a unilateral breast mass associated with nipple discharge. Imaging staging for his breast tumour and subsequent prostate biopsy found an incidental synchronous asymptomatic prostate adenocarcinoma as well as bone metastases. He denies risk factors for malignancies and refuses genetic testing. The first part of our discussion will highlight the uncommon occurrence of male breast ductal carcinoma in situ and its management controversies. The subsequent part of our discussion will focus on the association between male breast cancer and prostate cancer, and implication of this on the future treatment of these patients. More importantly, our case will illustrate the challenges in managing dual primaries that present concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harissa Husainy Hasbullah
- Clinical Oncologist, Faculty of Medicine, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Visiting Clinical Oncologist, Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Farah Wahida MdYusof
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Hayati Ahmad
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Omar Alzallal
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Emilia T T Sharif
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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7
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Tan GW, Sivanesan VM, Abdul Rahman FI, Hassan F, Hasbullah HH, Ng C, Khoo AS, Tan LP. A novel and non-invasive approach utilising nasal washings for the detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2260-2266. [PMID: 30698824 PMCID: PMC6767762 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial cancer of the nasopharynx which is highly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Worldwide, most of the top 20 countries with the highest incidence and mortality rates of NPC are low- and middle-income countries. Many studies had demonstrated that EBV could be detected in the tissue, serum and plasma of NPC patients. In this study, we explored the potential of assays based on non-invasive nasal washings (NW) as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for NPC. A total of 128 patients were evaluated for NW EBV DNA loads and a subset of these samples were also tested for 27 EBV and human miRNAs shortlisted from literature. EBV DNA and seven miRNAs showed area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of more than 0.7, suggestive of their potential utility to detect NPC. Logistic regression analyses suggested that combination of two NW assays that test for EBNA-1 and hsa-miR-21 had the best performance in detecting NPC. The trend of NW EBV DNA load matched with clinical outcome of 71.4% (10 out of 14) NPC patients being followed-up. In summary, the non-invasive NW testing panel may be particularly useful for NPC screening in remote areas where healthcare facilities and otolaryngologists are lacking, and may encourage frequent testing of individuals in the high risk groups who are reluctant to have their blood tested. However, further validation in an independent cohort is required to strengthen the utility of this testing panel as a non-invasive detection tool for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geok Wee Tan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vijaya Mohan Sivanesan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Farah Ida Abdul Rahman
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Faridah Hassan
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologySelayang Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Batu CavesSelangorMalaysia
| | - Harissa Husainy Hasbullah
- Department of Oncology and RadiotherapyKuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUiTM SelangorShah AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Ching‐Ching Ng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Alan Soo‐Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Lu Ping Tan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Department of Medical SciencesSchool of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway UniversitySubang JayaSelangorMalaysia
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8
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Zainal N, Hasbullah HH. Prolonged survival of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:E6-E8. [PMID: 29755781 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally follows EASL-EORTC clinical practise guideline. We report a case of a 50-year-old man who had multinodular HCC with lung metastases, whose management had deviated from the standard guideline but still survive 5 years after initial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Zainal
- Oncology and Radiotherapy, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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