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Adikesavalu H, Abraham TJ, Joardar SN. Immune responses and protective immunity in Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822) as induced by outer membrane proteins of Edwardsiella tarda and aluminium hydroxide adjuvant complex. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1097-1109. [PMID: 35927371 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is considered one of the important bacterial fish pathogens. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of E. tarda are structurally and functionally conserved, and immunogenic. This study assessed the effects of the OMPs of E. tarda CGH9 as a vaccine without aluminium hydroxide [AH] (T1) and with AH adjuvant (T2) on the respiratory burst (ROB) activity, lymphocyte proliferation of head kidney (HK) leukocytes, and serum antibody production in pangas catfish Pangasius pangasius. The ROB activity and lymphocyte proliferation of HK leukocytes increased in both vaccinated groups compared to the control. Nonetheless, the T2 group showed a gradual increase in ROB activity and lymphocyte proliferation of HK leukocytes up to 3-weeks post-vaccination (wpv). The serum antibody production in the T1 group decreased initially for up to 2-wpv and increased from 3-wpv; whereas, in the T2 group, the serum-specific antibody levels were significantly high from 1-wpv compared to control. Simultaneously, the protective efficacy in terms of relative percentage survival in the T2 group after injecting with a lethal dose of E. tarda CGH9 was high (89.00±15.56) compared to the T1 group (78.00±0.00). Furthermore, the catfish administered with a booster dose of E. tarda OMPs with or without AH adjuvant showed no additional increase in immune response or protective immunity. These results suggested that E. tarda OMPs and AH adjuvant complex has a higher potential to induce protective immunity, which may be a good choice as a vaccine to combat E. tarda infection in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harresh Adikesavalu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India.
| | - Siddhartha Narayan Joardar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India
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Priyadarsani L, Abraham TJ, Adikesavalu H, Dash G, Nagesh TS. Effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin-E and commercial probiotics on the innate immunity of Labeo rohita against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports 2021; 2:100013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Adikesavalu H, Gopalaswamy R, Kumar A, Ranganathan UD, Shanmugam S. Autophagy Induction as a Host-Directed Therapeutic Strategy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021; 57:522. [PMID: 34070995 PMCID: PMC8224563 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterialinfectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), which causes significant mortality in humans worldwide. Current treatment regimen involve the administration of multiple antibiotics over the course of several months that contributes to patient non-compliance leading to relapse and the development of drug-resistant M.tb (MDR and XDR) strains. Together, these facts highlight the need for the development of shorter TB treatment regimens. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is a new and emerging concept that aims to augment host immune response using drugs/compounds with or without adjunct antibiotics against M.tb infection. Autophagy is a natural catabolic mechanism of the cell that involves delivering the cytosolic constituents to the lysosomes for degradation and recycling the components; thereby maintaining the cellular and energy homoeostasis of a cell. However, over the past decade, an improved understanding of the role of autophagy in immunity has led to autophagy activation by using drugs or agents. This autophagy manipulation may represent a promising host-directed therapeutic strategy for human TB. However, current clinical knowledge on implementing autophagy activation by drugs or agents, as a stand-alone HDT or as an adjunct with antibiotics to treat human TB is insufficient. In recent years, many reports on high-throughput drug screening and measurement of autophagic flux by fluorescence, high-content microscopy, flow cytometry, microplate reader and immunoblotting have been published for the discovery of drugs that modulate autophagy. In this review, we discuss the commonly used chemical screening approaches in mammalian cells for the discovery of autophagy activating drugs against M.tbinfection. We also summarize the various autophagy-activating agents, both pre-clinical candidates and compounds approved for advanced clinical investigation during mycobacterial infection. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using autophagy activation as HDT strategy to improve TB outcome and shorten treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harresh Adikesavalu
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India; (H.A.); (R.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Radha Gopalaswamy
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India; (H.A.); (R.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India; (H.A.); (R.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Uma Devi Ranganathan
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India;
| | - Sivakumar Shanmugam
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India; (H.A.); (R.G.); (A.K.)
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Abraham TJ, David M, Patra A, Banerjee S, Adikesavalu H. Surveillance of herpesviruses in koi carp Cyprinus carpio koi and goldfish Carassius auratus cultured in West Bengal, India. J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Adams KN, Verma AK, Gopalaswamy R, Adikesavalu H, Singhal DK, Tripathy S, Ranganathan UD, Sherman DR, Urdahl KB, Ramakrishnan L, Hernandez RE. Diverse Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Develop Macrophage-Induced Rifampin Tolerance. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1554-1558. [PMID: 30753612 PMCID: PMC6473171 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 strains CDC1551 and H37Rv develop tolerance to multiple antibiotics upon macrophage residence. To determine whether macrophage-induced tolerance is a general feature of clinical M. tuberculosis isolates, we assessed macrophage-induced drug tolerance in strains from lineages 1–3, representing the other predominant M. tuberculosis strains responsible for tuberculosis globally. All 3 lineages developed isoniazid tolerance. While lineage 1, 3, and 4 strains developed rifampin tolerance, lineage 2 Beijing strains did not. Their failure to develop tolerance may be explained by their harboring of a loss-of-function mutation in the Rv1258c efflux pump that is linked to macrophage-induced rifampicin tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N Adams
- Center for Global Infectious Diseases Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David R Sherman
- Center for Global Infectious Diseases Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin B Urdahl
- Center for Global Infectious Diseases Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael E Hernandez
- Center for Global Infectious Diseases Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Patra A, Mondal A, Banerjee S, Adikesavalu H, Joardar SN, Abraham TJ. Molecular characterization of Argulus bengalensis and Argulus siamensis (Crustacea: Argulidae) infecting the cultured carps in West Bengal, India using 18S rRNA gene sequences. Mol Biol Res Commun 2016; 5:156-166. [PMID: 28097169 PMCID: PMC5219910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study characterized Argulus spp. infecting the cultured carps using 18S rRNA gene sequences, estimated the genetic similarity among Argulus spp. and established their phylogenetic relationship. Of the 320 fish samples screened, 34 fish (10.6%) had Argulus infection. The parasitic frequency index (PFI) was observed to be high (20%) in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Labeo bata. The frequency of infection was high in September (PFI: 17%) and October (PFI: 12.9%). The 18S rRNA sequences of five A. bengalensis (KF583878, KF192316, KM016968, KM016969, and KM016970) and one A. siamensis (KF583879) of this study showed genetic heterogeneity and exhibited 77-99% homology among the 18S rRNA gene sequences of Argulus spp. of NCBI GenBank database. Among the Indian Argulus spp. the sequence homology was 87-100%. Evolutionary pair-wise distances between Indian Argulus spp. and other Argulus spp. ranged from 0 to 20.20%. In the phylogenetic tree, all the crustaceans were clustered together as a separate clade with two distinct lineages. The lineage-1 comprised exclusive of Branchiura (Argulus spp.). All Argulus bengalensis clustered together and A. siamensis (KF583879) was closely related to Argulus sp. JN558648. The results of the present study provided baseline data for future work on population structure analysis of Indian Argulus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Patra
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anjan Mondal
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayani Banerjee
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Harresh Adikesavalu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Siddhartha Narayan Joardar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,Corresponding Author: Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, India ,Tel +91 94333 68328 (M), E.mail:
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Sahoo P, Swaminathan TR, Abraham TJ, Kumar R, Pattanayak S, Mohapatra A, Rath S, Patra A, Adikesavalu H, Sood N, Pradhan P, Das B, Jayasankar P, Jena J. Detection of goldfish haematopoietic necrosis herpes virus (Cyprinid herpesvirus-2) with multi-drug resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish: First evidence of any viral disease outbreak in ornamental freshwater aquaculture farms in India. Acta Trop 2016; 161:8-17. [PMID: 27172876 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This outbreak report details of a mortality event where Cyprinid herpes virus-2 (CyHV-2) was detected in association with multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish, Carassius auratus, from commercial farms. The goldfish exhibited large scale haemorrhages on the body, fins and gills, lepidorthosis, necrosed gills, protruded anus and shrunken eyes. White nodular necrotic foci in spleen and kidneys were noticed, along with necrosis and fusion of gill lamellae. Transmission electron microscopy of affected tissues revealed the presence of mature virus particles. Involvement of CyHV-2 was confirmed by PCR, sequencing and observed cytopathic effect in koi carp fin cell line along with experimental infection study. A bacterium isolated from the internal organs of affected fish was found to be pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila having resistance to more than 10 classes of antibiotics. We postulate that CyHV-2 was the primary etiological agent responsible for this outbreak with secondary infection by A. hydrophila. The experimental infection trials in Labeo rohita and koi carp by intraperitoneal challenge with CyHV-2 tissue homogenates failed to reproduce the disease in those co-cultured fish species. This is the first report of a viral disease outbreak in organised earthen ornamental fish farms in India and bears further investigation.
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Patra A, Sarker S, Banerjee S, Adikesavalu H, Biswas D, Jawahar Abraham T. Rapid Detection of Flavobacterium columnare Infection in Fish by Speciesspecific Polymerase Chain Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Banerjee S, Patra A, Adikesavalu H, Mondal A, Jawahar Abraham T. The phylogenetic position of Myxoboluscarnaticus (Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) infecting gill lamellae of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) based on 18S rRNA sequence analysis. Mol Biol Res Commun 2015; 4:125-132. [PMID: 27844004 PMCID: PMC5019204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Myxozoans are an economically important group of microscopic parasites best known for the diseases they cause in commercially important fish hosts. The classification of myxosporeans is generally based on the morphology of their myxospores. Without molecular data, it is very difficult to identify new or existing species. DNA sequence information is therefore, a prerequisite to taxonomic and phylogenic studies of myxosporeans. In the present study, a myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus carnaticus, infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, was characterized by the 18S rRNA gene sequence. The DNA sequence of M. carnaticus clustered phylogenetically with other gill infecting Myxobolus spp. of freshwater clades, forming a dichotomy with closely related M. pavlovskii (HM991164) that infects the gill lamellae epithelium of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix with 95% similarity. Evolutionary pair-wise distances among M. carnaticus and other species of myxosporeans indicated high genetic diversity among myxosporeans. The present study demonstrated that tissue tropism, host specificity and habitat play important roles in phylogenetic relationships among myxozoan species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham
- Address for correspondence: Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata - 700 094, West Bengal, India. Tel: +91 94333 68328 (M) ; +91 33 2478 0126 (O) Fax: +91 33 2432 8763, E-mail:
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Banerjee S, Patra A, Adikesavalu H, Joardar SN, Abraham TJ. Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of Thelohanellus qadrii (Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) infecting the secondary gill epithelium of Indian major carp, Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822). Mol Biol Res Commun 2015; 4:83-91. [PMID: 27844000 PMCID: PMC5019299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myxosporean taxonomy which is traditionally based on the morphology of the myxospore stage, is in a state of flux given new insights provided by the expanding dataset of DNA sequences. To date, more than 40 species of Thelohanellus from India have been described according to morphometric characteristics. Nevertheless, molecular data on these histozoic myxosporean parasites of freshwater fish are scarce. In the present study, molecular characterizations of Thelohanellus qadrii infecting the secondary gill epithelium of Indian major carp Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) and its phylogenetic relationship is reported. The sub-adult cultured catla were observed to have low to moderate gill myxosporean infections. The morphometry of mature spores was in compliance with original descriptions of T. qadrii. Based on the analysis of 18S rRNA gene, phylogenetic clusters which were established according to a consensus sequence, illustrated the taxonomic placement of a series of myxobolids. The DNA sequence homogeneity of T. qadrii (KF170928) with other Thelohanllus spp. ranged from 78% to 95% and formed a dichotomy with cyprinid gill lamellae infecting T. toyamai (HQ338729). Distance matrix results indicated a high genetic diversity among myxosporeans. The present report is the first on the molecular and phylogenetic characterizations of T. qadrii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham
- Address for correspondence: Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata - 700 094, West Bengal, India. Tell: +91 94333 68328 (M) ; Fax: +91 33 2432 8763
+91 33 2478 0126 (O), E. mail:
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Abraham TJ, Banerjee S, Patra A, Sarkar A, Adikesavalu H, Dash G. Molecular phylogeny of Myxobolus orissae (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp Cirrhinus mrigala (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Mol Biol Res Commun 2015; 4:15-24. [PMID: 27843992 PMCID: PMC5019294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Myxosporeans are best known for the diseases they cause in commercially important fish species. Identification of myxosporeans at the species-level is mainly based on conventional methods. The 18S rRNA gene sequence of morphologically identified Myxobolus orissae infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp Cirrhinus mrigala was characterized in the present study. The plasmodia of M.orissae were small, elongated and white to pale in colour. Phylogenetically, the 18S rDNA nucleotide sequence of M.orissae was clustered with other gill-infecting Myxobolus spp. of cyprinids. The species closely related to M. orissae was M. koi (FJ841887) infecting the gill lamellae of Cyprinus carpio with 96% similarity. The carp fin-infecting Thelohanelluscaudatus (KC865607) from India exhibited only 78% DNA sequence similarity with M. orissae. Low level of M. orissae infection on gill caused thickening of epithelial cells surrounding the plasmodium. Under stressful conditions, it is likely that such infection can easily spread in confined fish and may cause serious disease outbreaks and economical losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham
- Address for correspondence: Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata - 700 094, West Bengal, India. Tel: +91 94333 68328; +91 33 2478 0126, Fax: +91 33 2432 8763, E-mail:
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Adikesavalu H, Patra A, Mondal A, Banerjee S, Abraham TJ. Association of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes in the haemorrhagic blister of cultured carp Cyprinus carpio in West Bengal, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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