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Clarkson JE, Ramsay CR, Ricketts D, Banerjee A, Deery C, Lamont T, Boyers D, Marshman Z, Goulao B, Banister K, Conway D, Dawett B, Baker S, Sherriff A, Young L, van der Pol M, MacLennan G, Floate R, Braid H, Fee P, Forrest M, Gouick J, Mitchell F, Gupta E, Dakri R, Kettle J, McGuff T, Dunn K. Selective Caries Removal in Permanent Teeth (SCRiPT) for the treatment of deep carious lesions: a randomised controlled clinical trial in primary care. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:336. [PMID: 34243733 PMCID: PMC8267238 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is one of the most prevalent non-communicable disease globally and can have serious health sequelae impacting negatively on quality of life. In the UK most adults experience dental caries during their lifetime and the 2009 Adult Dental Health Survey reported that 85% of adults have at least one dental restoration. Conservative removal of tooth tissue for both primary and secondary caries reduces the risk of failure due to tooth-restoration, complex fracture as well as remaining tooth surfaces being less vulnerable to further caries. However, despite its prevalence there is no consensus on how much caries to remove prior to placing a restoration to achieve optimal outcomes. Evidence for selective compared to complete or near-complete caries removal suggests there may be benefits for selective removal in sustaining tooth vitality, therefore avoiding abscess formation and pain, so eliminating the need for more complex and costly treatment or eventual tooth loss. However, the evidence is of low scientific quality and mainly gleaned from studies in primary teeth. METHOD This is a pragmatic, multi-centre, two-arm patient randomised controlled clinical trial including an internal pilot set in primary dental care in Scotland and England. Dental health professionals will recruit 623 participants over 12-years of age with deep carious lesions in their permanent posterior teeth. Participants will have a single tooth randomised to either the selective caries removal or complete caries removal treatment arm. Baseline measures and outcome data (during the 3-year follow-up period) will be assessed through clinical examination, patient questionnaires and NHS databases. A mixed-method process evaluation will complement the clinical and economic outcome evaluation and examine implementation, mechanisms of impact and context. The primary outcome at three years is sustained tooth vitality. The primary economic outcome is net benefit modelled over a lifetime horizon. Clinical secondary outcomes include pulp exposure, progession of caries, restoration failure; as well as patient-centred and economic outcomes. DISCUSSION SCRiPT will provide evidence for the most clinically effective and cost-beneficial approach to managing deep carious lesions in permanent posterior teeth in primary care. This will support general dental practitioners, patients and policy makers in decision making. Trial Registration Trial registry: ISRCTN. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN76503940. Date of Registration: 30.10.2019. URL of trial registry record: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN76503940?q=ISRCTN76503940%20&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Clarkson
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.,NHS Education for Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig R Ramsay
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Ricketts
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Avijit Banerjee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Services, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Deery
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas Lamont
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.
| | - Dwayne Boyers
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Zoe Marshman
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Beatriz Goulao
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Katie Banister
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bhupinder Dawett
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Hafren House Dental Practice, Alfreton, Derbyshire, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrea Sherriff
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Graeme MacLennan
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ruth Floate
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Hazel Braid
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Patrick Fee
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Mark Forrest
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jill Gouick
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Fiona Mitchell
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Riz Dakri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Services, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Kettle
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tina McGuff
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Katharine Dunn
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
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Lischka A, Bustamante P, Braid H, Piatkowski U, Lacoue-Labarthe T. Trophic ecology drives trace element concentrations in the Antarctic octopod community. Sci Total Environ 2021; 768:144373. [PMID: 33454479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the Antarctic Ocean being considered a pristine environment, elevated trace element concentrations have been reported in many marine organisms. The Antarctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable to climate change, which can also affect the bioaccumulation of trace element concentrations in biota. While Antarctic octopods are key components of the regional food webs as prey for a variety of predators (e.g., seals, fish, and seabirds), their contamination state by trace elements remains largely unknown. This study investigated the trace element concentrations in relation to the trophic ecology in Antarctic octopods. Stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) and trace element concentrations (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) were measured in eight different species (Adelieledone polymorpha, Pareledone aequipapillae, P. albimaculata, P. aurata, P. charcoti, P. cornuta, P. felix, and P. turqueti) sampled near Elephant Island, close to the Antarctic Peninsula. Stable isotopes of δ15N varied among species, with significant differences between A. polymorpha and P. aurata suggesting potential niche segregation. Trace element concentrations also differed among species and with sampling depth, which likely reflects their trophic ecology. The data presented in this study provides the first insight into the trace element concentrations for these endemic octopods in this vulnerable habitat and their stable isotope values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lischka
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - P Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - H Braid
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - U Piatkowski
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - T Lacoue-Labarthe
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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Lischka A, Braid H, Cherel Y, Bolstad K, Lacoue-Labarthe T, Bustamante P. Influence of sexual dimorphism on stable isotopes and trace element concentrations in the greater hooked squid Moroteuthopsis ingens from New Zealand waters. Mar Environ Res 2020; 159:104976. [PMID: 32662429 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Chatham Rise, one of the highest offshore-primary production regions in New Zealand waters, hosts a great abundance and diversity of deep-sea cephalopods including the greater hooked squid, Moroteuthopsis ingens. Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) and trace element concentrations (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) were assessed in female and male specimens of different size classes (89-563 mm mantle length). Values of δ13C and δ15N were overall higher in females and δ13C was further influenced by size and sex. Both muscular mantle (the largest fraction of the total body mass) and digestive gland (the known main storage organ for Ag, Cd, Cu and Zn in many cephalopods) tissues were analysed. Higher levels of Cd were observed in males than in females. A positive effect was found between size and Hg concentrations, which could be related to the ontogenetic descent of larger specimens into deeper waters, where they are exposed to higher Hg concentrations, and/or dietary shifts toward Hg-enriched prey with increasing size. This study provides trace element data for this abundant and ecologically important species, and further reveals higher trace element concentrations (especially Hg) in M. ingens from the Chatham Rise, compared to specimens from the sub-Antarctic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lischka
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - H Braid
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Y Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - K Bolstad
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Lacoue-Labarthe
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - P Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005, Paris, France
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Clarkson JE, Pitts NB, Bonetti D, Boyers D, Braid H, Elford R, Fee PA, Floate R, Goulão B, Humphris G, Needleman I, Norrie JDT, Ord F, van der Pol M, Ramsay CR, Ricketts DNJ, Worthington HV, Young L. INTERVAL (investigation of NICE technologies for enabling risk-variable-adjusted-length) dental recalls trial: a multicentre randomised controlled trial investigating the best dental recall interval for optimum, cost-effective maintenance of oral health in dentate adults attending dental primary care. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:135. [PMID: 30086747 PMCID: PMC6081817 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditionally, patients at low risk and high risk of developing dental disease have been encouraged to attend dental recall appointments at regular intervals of six months between appointments. The lack of evidence for the effect that different recall intervals between dental check-ups have on patient outcomes, provider workload and healthcare costs is causing considerable uncertainty for the profession and patients, despite the publication of the NICE Guideline on dental recall. The need for primary research has been highlighted in the Health Technology Assessment Group’s systematic review of routine dental check-ups, which found little evidence to support or refute the practice of encouraging 6-monthly dental check-ups in adults. The more recent Cochrane review on recall interval concluded there was insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions regarding the potential beneficial or harmful effects of altering the recall interval between dental check-ups. There is therefore an urgent need to assess the relative effectiveness and cost-benefit of different dental recall intervals in a robust, sufficiently powered randomised control trial (RCT) in primary dental care. Methods This is a four year multi-centre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment based in dental primary care in the UK. Practitioners will recruit 2372 dentate adult patients. Patient participants will be randomised to one of three groups: fixed-period six month recall, risk-based recall, or fixed-period twenty-four month recall. Outcome data will be assessed through clinical examination, patient questionnaires and NHS databases. The primary outcomes measure gingival inflammation/bleeding on probing and oral health-related quality of life. Discussion INTERVAL will provide evidence for the most clinically-effective and cost-beneficial recall interval for maintaining optimum oral health in dentate adults attending general dental practice. Trial registration ISRCTN95933794 (Date assigned 20/08/2008).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nigel B Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Translation Centre, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Dwayne Boyers
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Hazel Braid
- University of Dundee School of Dentistry, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Elford
- Patient Representative; Faculty of General Dental Practitioners, London, UK
| | - Patrick A Fee
- University of Dundee School of Dentistry, Dundee, UK.
| | - Ruth Floate
- University of Dundee School of Dentistry, Dundee, UK
| | - Beatriz Goulão
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gerry Humphris
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Ian Needleman
- International Centre for Evidence-Based Oral Health, Unit of Periodontology, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Fiona Ord
- University of Dundee School of Dentistry, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Craig R Ramsay
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Helen V Worthington
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Linda Young
- University of Dundee School of Dentistry, Dundee, UK
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