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Kostenkova K, Levina A, Walters DA, Murakami HA, Lay PA, Crans DC. Vanadium(V) Pyridine-Containing Schiff Base Catecholate Complexes are Lipophilic, Redox-Active and Selectively Cytotoxic in Glioblastoma (T98G) Cells. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302271. [PMID: 37581946 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Two new series of complexes with pyridine-containing Schiff bases, [VV O(SALIEP)L] and [VV O(Cl-SALIEP)L] (SALIEP=N-(salicylideneaminato)-2-(2-aminoethylpyridine; Cl-SALIEP=N-(5-chlorosalicylideneaminato)-2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine, L=catecholato(2-) ligand) have been synthesized. Characterization by 1 H and 51 V NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies confirmed that: 1) most complexes form two major geometric isomers in solution, and [VV O(SALIEP)(DTB)] (DTB=3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholato(2-)) forms two isomers that equilibrate in solution; and 2) tert-butyl substituents were necessary to stabilize the reduced VIV species (EPR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry). The pyridine moiety within the Schiff base ligands significantly changed their chemical properties with unsubstituted catecholate ligands compared with the parent HSHED (N-(salicylideneaminato)-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine) Schiff base complexes. Immediate reduction to VIV occurred for the unsubstituted-catecholato VV complexes on dissolution in DMSO. By contrast, the pyridine moiety within the Schiff base significantly improved the hydrolytic stability of [VV O(SALIEP)(DTB)] compared with [VV O(HSHED)(DTB)]. [VV O(SALIEP)(DTB)] had moderate stability in cell culture media. There was significant cellular uptake of the intact complex by T98G (human glioblastoma) cells and very good anti-proliferative activity (IC50 6.7±0.9 μM, 72 h), which was approximately five times higher than for the non-cancerous human cell line, HFF-1 (IC50 34±10 μM). This made [VV O(SALIEP)(DTB)] a potential drug candidate for the treatment of advanced gliomas by intracranial injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Kostenkova
- Department of Chemistry and, The Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Ave Chemistry B101 Campus Delivery 1872, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry and Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Drew A Walters
- Department of Chemistry and, The Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Ave Chemistry B101 Campus Delivery 1872, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Heide A Murakami
- Department of Chemistry and, The Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Ave Chemistry B101 Campus Delivery 1872, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry and Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry and, The Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Ave Chemistry B101 Campus Delivery 1872, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
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Murakami HA, Uslan C, Haase AA, Koehn JT, Vieira AP, Gaebler DJ, Hagan J, Beuning CN, Proschogo N, Levina A, Lay PA, Crans DC. Vanadium Chloro-Substituted Schiff Base Catecholate Complexes are Reducible, Lipophilic, Water Stable, and Have Anticancer Activities. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20757-20773. [PMID: 36519680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophobic Schiff base catecholate vanadium complex was recently discovered to have anticancer properties superior to cisplatin and suited for intratumoral administration. This [VO(HSHED)(DTB)] complex, where HSHED is N-(salicylideneaminato)-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine and the non-innocent catecholato ligand is di-t-butylcatecholato (DTB), has higher stability compared to simpler catecholato complexes. Three new chloro-substituted Schiff base complexes of vanadium(V) with substituted catecholates as co-ligands were synthesized for comparison with their non-chlorinated Schiff base vanadium complexes, and their properties were characterized. Up to four geometric isomers for each complex were identified in organic solvents using 51V and 1H NMR spectroscopies. Spectroscopy was used to characterize the structure of the major isomer in solution and to demonstrate that the observed isomers are exchanged in solution. All three chloro-substituted Schiff base vanadium(V) complexes with substituted catecholates were also characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and electrochemistry. Upon testing in human glioblastoma multiforme (T98g) cells as an in vitro model of brain gliomas, the most sterically hindered, hydrophobic, and stable compound [t1/2 (298 K) = 15 min in cell medium] was better than the two other complexes (IC50 = 4.1 ± 0.5 μM DTB, 34 ± 7 μM 3-MeCat, and 19 ± 2 μM Cat). Furthermore, upon aging, the complexes formed less toxic decomposition products (IC50 = 9 ± 1 μM DTB, 18 ± 3 μM 3-MeCat, and 8.1 ± 0.6 μM Cat). The vanadium complexes with the chloro-substituted Schiff base were more hydrophobic, more hydrolytically stable, more easily reduced compared to their corresponding parent counterparts, and the most sterically hindered complex of this series is only the second non-innocent vanadium Schiff base complex with a potent in vitro anticancer activity that is an order of magnitude more potent than cisplatin under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide A Murakami
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Canan Uslan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison A Haase
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jordan T Koehn
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Adriana Pires Vieira
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Jackson Gaebler
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - John Hagan
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Cheryle N Beuning
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Nicholas Proschogo
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Braasch-Turi MM, Koehn JT, Kostenkova K, Van Cleave C, Ives JW, Murakami HA, Crick DC, Crans DC. Electron Transport Lipids Fold Within Membrane-Like Interfaces. Front Chem 2022; 10:827530. [PMID: 35350775 PMCID: PMC8957872 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.827530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoquinones, such as ubiquinones (UQ) and menaquinones (MK), function as essential lipid components of the electron transport system (ETS) by shuttling electrons and protons to facilitate the production of ATP in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Lipoquinone function in membrane systems has been widely studied, but the exact location and conformation within membranes remains controversial. Lipoquinones, such as Coenzyme Q (UQ-10), are generally depicted simply as “Q” in life science diagrams or in extended conformations in primary literature even though specific conformations are important for function in the ETS. In this study, our goal was to determine the location, orientation, and conformation of UQ-2, a truncated analog of UQ-10, in model membrane systems and to compare our results to previously studied MK-2. Herein, we first carried out a six-step synthesis to yield UQ-2 and then demonstrated that UQ-2 adopts a folded conformation in organic solvents using 1H-1H 2D NOESY and ROESY NMR spectroscopic studies. Similarly, using 1H-1H 2D NOESY NMR spectroscopic studies, UQ-2 was found to adopt a folded, U-shaped conformation within the interface of an AOT reverse micelle model membrane system. UQ-2 was located slightly closer to the surfactant-water interface compared to the more hydrophobic MK-2. In addition, Langmuir monolayer studies determined UQ-2 resided within the monolayer water-phospholipid interface causing expansion, whereas MK-2 was more likely to be compressed out and reside within the phospholipid tails. All together these results support the model that lipoquinones fold regardless of the headgroup structure but that the polarity of the headgroup influences lipoquinone location within the membrane interface. These results have implications regarding the redox activity near the interface as quinone vs. quinol forms may facilitate locomotion of lipoquinones within the membrane. The location, orientation, and conformation of lipoquinones are critical for their function in generating cellular energy within membrane ETS, and the studies described herein shed light on the behavior of lipoquinones within membrane-like environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan T. Koehn
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kateryna Kostenkova
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Cameron Van Cleave
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jacob W. Ives
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Heide A. Murakami
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dean C. Crick
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Debbie C. Crans,
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Van Cleave C, Murakami HA, Samart N, Koehn JT, Maldonado P, Kreckel HD, Cope EJ, Basile A, Crick DC, Crans DC. Location of menaquinone and menaquinol headgroups in model membranes. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Menaquinones are lipoquinones that consist of a headgroup (naphthoquinone, menadione) and an isoprenyl sidechain. They function as electron transporters in prokaryotes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For these studies, we used Langmuir monolayers and microemulsions to investigate how the menaquinone headgroup (menadione) and the menahydroquinone headgroup (menadiol) interact with model membrane interfaces to determine if differences are observed in the location of these headgroups in a membrane. It has been suggested that the differences in the locations are mainly caused by the isoprenyl sidechain rather than the headgroup quinone-to-quinol reduction during electron transport. This study presents evidence that suggests the influence of the headgroup drives the movement of the oxidized quinone and the reduced hydroquinone to different locations within the interface. Utilizing the model membranes of microemulsions and Langmuir monolayers, it is determined whether or not there is a difference in the location of menadione and menadiol within the interface. Based on our findings, we conclude that the menadione and menadiol may reside in different locations within model membranes. It follows that if menaquinone moves within the cell membrane upon menaquinol formation, it is due at least in part, to the differences in the properties of headgroup interactions with the membrane in addition to the isoprenyl sidechain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Van Cleave
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Heide A. Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Nuttaporn Samart
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao, Thailand
| | - Jordan T. Koehn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Pablo Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Heidi D. Kreckel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elana J. Cope
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Andrea Basile
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Dean C. Crick
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Althumairy D, Murakami HA, Zhang D, Barisas BG, Roess DA, Crans DC. Effects of vanadium(IV) compounds on plasma membrane lipids lead to G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110873. [PMID: 31706224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone receptors (LHR), expressed at physiological numbers <30,000 receptors per cell, translocate to and signal within membrane rafts following binding of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Similarly LHR signal in cells when treated with bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV), bis(ethylmaltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BEOV) or VOSO4, which decrease membrane lipid packing. Overexpressed LHR (>85,000 receptors per cell) are found in larger clusters in polarized homo-transfer fluorescence resonance energy transfer (homo-FRET) studies that were not affected by either hCG or vanadium compounds. Intracellular cyclic adenylate monophosphate (cAMP) levels indicate that only clustered LHR are active and produce the intracellular second messenger, cAMP. When LHR are over-expressed, cell signaling is unaffected by binding of hCG or vanadium compounds. To confirm the existence of intact complex, the EPR spectra of vanadium compounds in cell media were obtained using 1 mM BMOV, BEOV or VOSO4. These data were used to determine intact complex in a 10 μM solution and verified by speciation calculations. Effects of BMOV and BEOV samples were about two-fold greater than those of aqueous vanadium(IV) making it likely that intact vanadium complex are responsible for effects of LHR function. This represents a new mechanism for activation of a G protein-coupled receptor; perturbations in the lipid bilayer by vanadium compounds lead to aggregation and accumulation of physiological numbers of LHR in membrane raft domains where they initiate signal transduction and production of cAMP, a second messenger involved in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Althumairy
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heide A Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - B George Barisas
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - Deborah A Roess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America.
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Samart N, Arhouma Z, Kumar S, Murakami HA, Crick DC, Crans DC. Decavanadate Inhibits Mycobacterial Growth More Potently Than Other Oxovanadates. Front Chem 2018; 6:519. [PMID: 30515375 PMCID: PMC6255961 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
51V NMR spectroscopy is used to document, using speciation analysis, that one oxometalate is a more potent growth inhibitor of two Mycobacterial strains than other oxovanadates, thus demonstrating selectivity in its interaction with cells. Historically, oxometalates have had many applications in biological and medical studies, including study of the phase-problem in X-ray crystallography of the ribosome. The effect of different vanadate salts on the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smeg) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) was investigated, and speciation was found to be critical for the observed growth inhibition. Specifically, the large orange-colored sodium decavanadate (V10O 28 6 - ) anion was found to be a stronger inhibitor of growth of two mycobacterial species than the colorless oxovanadate prepared from sodium metavanadate. The vanadium(V) speciation in the growth media and conversion among species under growth conditions was monitored using 51V NMR spectroscopy and speciation calculations. The findings presented in this work is particularly important in considering the many applications of polyoxometalates in biological and medical studies, such as the investigation of the phase-problem in X-ray crystallography for the ribosome. The findings presented in this work investigate the interactions of oxometalates with other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttaporn Samart
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao, Thailand
| | - Zeyad Arhouma
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Heide A. Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dean C. Crick
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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McLauchlan CC, Murakami HA, Wallace CA, Crans DC. Coordination environment changes of the vanadium in vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase enzymes. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:267-279. [PMID: 29990751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases are a class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions with halides to form halogenated organic products and water. These enzymes include chloroperoxidase and bromoperoxidase, which have very different protein sequences and sizes, but regardless the coordination environment of the active sites is surprisingly constant. In this manuscript, the comparison of the coordination chemistry of V-containing-haloperoxidases of the trigonal bipyramidal geometry was done by data mining. The catalytic cycle imposes changes in the coordination geometry of the vanadium to accommodate the peroxidovanadium(V) intermediate in an environment we describe as a distorted square pyramidal geometry. During the catalytic cycle, this intermediate converts to a trigonal bipyramidal intermediate before losing the halogen and forming a tetrahedral vanadium-protein intermediate. Importantly, the catalysis is facilitated by a proton-relay system supplied by the second sphere coordination environment and the changes in the coordination environment of the vanadium(V) making this process unique among protein catalyzed processes. The analysis of the coordination chemistry shows that the active site is very tightly regulated with only minor changes in the coordination geometry. The coordination geometry in the protein structures deviates from that found for both small molecules crystalized in the absence of protein and the reported functional small molecule model compounds. At this time there are no examples reported of a structurally similar small molecule with the geometry observed for the peroxidovanadium(V) in the active site of the vanadium-containing haloperoxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C McLauchlan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4160, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Heide A Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Craig A Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4160, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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