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Zadeh ES, Huber KP, Görg C, Möller K, Jenssen C, Lim A, Taut H, Dong Y, Cui XW, Dietrich CF. Comments on and illustrations of the WFUMB CEUS liver guidelines: Rare malignant neuroendocrine and predominant epithelioid liver lesions. Med Ultrason 2024. [PMID: 38244219 DOI: 10.11152/mu-4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis or rare, non-hematologic malignant lesions of the liver may be a challenge owing to the rarity of the disease, and is usually made by histological confirmation. Ultrasound with color Doppler and contrast-enhanced, if required, taking into account the clinical background of the patient, may help to focus the differential diagnosis. In this review, we describe the pathological and ultrasound features of rare malignant neuroendocrine and predominantly epithelioid liver lesions including primary neuroendocrine tumor of the liver, Invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver, and also hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Safai Zadeh
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Paulina Huber
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Görg
- Interdisciplinary Center of Ultrasound Diagnostics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg
| | - Kathleen Möller
- Medical Department I/Gastroenterology; SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Medical Department, Krankenhaus Maerkisch-Oderland, Brandenburg Institute of Clinical Medicine at Medical University Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Lim
- Imperial College London and Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Heike Taut
- Children's Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu Cui
- 9Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- 0Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Kliniken Hirslanden, Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland.
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2
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Dong Y, Cekuolis A, Schreiber-Dietrich D, Augustiniene R, Schwarz S, Möller K, Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Chen S, Cao JY, Huang YL, Wang Y, Taut H, Grevelding L, Dietrich CF. Review on Pediatric Malignant Focal Liver Lesions with Imaging Evaluation: Part II. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3659. [PMID: 38132242 PMCID: PMC10743166 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant focal liver lesions (FLLs) represent various kinds of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. In pediatric patients, the understanding of pediatric liver diseases and associated imaging manifestations is essential for making accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis. This paper will discuss the latest knowledge of the common pediatric malignant FLLs, including undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, and malignant rhabdoid tumor. Medical imaging features are not only helpful for clinical diagnosis, but can also be useful in the evaluation and follow-up of pre- and post-treatment. The future perspectives of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) enhancement patterns of FLLs in pediatric patients are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Andrius Cekuolis
- Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.C.); (R.A.)
| | | | - Rasa Augustiniene
- Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Simone Schwarz
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Sana Kliniken Duisburg GmbH, 47055 Duisburg, Germany;
| | - Kathleen Möller
- Medical Department I/Gastroenterology, SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi
- Saarland University Medical Center, Hospital of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jia-Ying Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yun-Lin Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Heike Taut
- Children’s Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Lara Grevelding
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pneumology, Allergology, Infectious Diseases and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph F. Dietrich
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Dong Y, Cekuolis A, Schreiber-Dietrich D, Augustiniene R, Schwarz S, Möller K, Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Chen S, Cao JY, Huang YL, Wang Y, Taut H, Grevelding L, Dietrich CF. Review on Pediatric Malignant Focal Liver Lesions with Imaging Evaluation: Part I. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3568. [PMID: 38066809 PMCID: PMC10706220 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13233568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant focal liver lesions (FLLs) are commonly reported in adults but rarely seen in the pediatric population. Due to the rarity, the understanding of these diseases is still very limited. In children, most malignant FLLs are congenital. It is very important to choose appropriate imaging examination concerning various factors. This paper will outline common pediatric malignant FLLs, including hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma and discuss them against the background of the latest knowledge on comparable/similar tumors in adults. Medical imaging features are of vital importance for the non-invasive diagnosis and follow-up of treatment of FLLs in pediatric patients. The use of CEUS in pediatric patients for characterizing those FLLs that remain indeterminate on conventional B mode ultrasounds may be an effective option in the future and has great potential to be integrated into imaging algorithms without the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Andrius Cekuolis
- Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.C.); (R.A.)
| | | | - Rasa Augustiniene
- Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Simone Schwarz
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Sana Kliniken Duisburg GmbH, 47055 Duisburg, Germany;
| | - Kathleen Möller
- Medical Department I/Gastroenterology, SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi
- Saarland University Medical Center, Hospital of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jia-Ying Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yun-Lin Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.D.); (S.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Heike Taut
- Children’s Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Lara Grevelding
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pneumology, Allergology, Infectious Diseases and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph F. Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Cekuolis A, Schreiber-Dietrich D, Augustinienė R, Taut H, Squires J, Chaves EL, Dong Y, Dietrich CF. Incidental Findings in Pediatric Patients: How to Manage Liver Incidentaloma in Pediatric Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082360. [PMID: 37190288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) is addressing the issue of incidental findings (IFs) with a series of publications entitled "Incidental imaging findings-the role of ultrasound". IFs in the liver of newborns and children are rare and much less commonly encountered than in adults; as a result, they are relatively much more frequently malignant and life-threatening, even when they are of benign histology. Conventional B-mode ultrasound is the well-established first line imaging modality for the assessment of liver pathology in pediatric patients. US technological advances, resulting in image quality improvement, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), liver elastography and quantification tools for steatosis have expanded the use of ultrasound technology in daily practice. The following overview is intended to illustrate incidentally detected liver pathology covering all pediatric ages. It aims to aid the examiner in establishing the final diagnosis. Management of incidentally detected focal liver lesions (FLL) needs to take into account the diagnostic accuracy of each imaging modality, the patient's safety issues (including ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agents), the delay in diagnosis, the psychological burden on the patient and the cost for the healthcare system. Moreover, this paper should help the pediatric clinician and ultrasound practitioner to decide which pathologies need no further investigation, which ones require interval imaging and which cases require further and immediate diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Cekuolis
- Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Rasa Augustinienė
- Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Heike Taut
- Children's Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Judy Squires
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Edda L Chaves
- Radiology Department, Hospital Regional Nicolas Solano, La Chorrera 1007, Panama
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permancence, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Dietrich CF, Augustiniene R, Batko T, Cantisani V, Cekuolis A, Deganello A, Dong Y, Franke D, Harkanyi Z, Humphries PD, Jędrzejczyk M, Jüngert J, Kinkel H, Koller O, Kosiak W, Kunze C, Ljutikov A, Madzik J, Mentzel HJ, Piskunowicz M, Rafailidis V, Schreiber-Dietrich D, Sellars ME, Stenzel M, Taut H, Yusuf GT, Sidhu PS. European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB): An Update on the Pediatric CEUS Registry on Behalf of the "EFSUMB Pediatric CEUS Registry Working Group". Ultraschall Med 2021; 42:270-277. [PMID: 33690876 DOI: 10.1055/a-1345-3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The European Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) created the "EFSUMB Pediatric Registry" (EFSUMB EPR) with the purpose of collecting data regarding the intravenous application of pediatric contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The primary aim was to document the current clinical practice and usefulness of the technique and secondarily to assess CEUS safety in children. We issue the preliminary results of this database and examine the overall practice of CEUS in children in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Germany
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Rasa Augustiniene
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Lithuania
| | - Tomasz Batko
- Department of Pediatric, Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Vito Cantisani
- Radiological, Oncological and Anatomy-Pathological Sciences University Sapienza of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrius Cekuolis
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Lithuania
| | - Annamaria Deganello
- Department of Radiology, King's College London, King's College Hospital, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Doris Franke
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zoltan Harkanyi
- Department of Radiology, Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul D Humphries
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and University College London NHS Foundation Trusts
| | - Maciej Jędrzejczyk
- Ultrasound Diagnostic Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jörg Jüngert
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Horst Kinkel
- Krankenhaus Düren, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Diabetologie und Intensivmedizin, Düren, Germany
| | - Orsolya Koller
- Department of Radiology, Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wojciech Kosiak
- Ultrasound and Biopsy Diagnostics Lab at the Clinic of Pediatrics, Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Christian Kunze
- Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology, University Medical Center Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anoushka Ljutikov
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaroslaw Madzik
- Institute of Mother and Child, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hans-Joachim Mentzel
- Section of Pediatric Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | | | - Vasileios Rafailidis
- Department of Radiology, King's College London, King's College Hospital, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich
- Localinomed, Bern Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Maria E Sellars
- Department of Radiology, King's College London, King's College Hospital, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Martin Stenzel
- Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Kinderradiologie, Köln, Germany
| | - Heike Taut
- Children's Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gibran T Yusuf
- Department of Radiology, King's College London, King's College Hospital, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Paul S Sidhu
- Department of Radiology, King's College London, King's College Hospital, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Tille L, Schnabel A, Laass MW, Hahn G, Taut H, Leszczynska A, Pablik J, Berner R, Brück N, Hedrich CM. Orbital inflammation and colitis in pediatric IgG4-related disease: A case report and review of the literature. Eur J Rheumatol 2020; 7:S21-S27. [PMID: 31804176 PMCID: PMC7004272 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2019.19165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by tumor-like swelling in one or more organs, elevated serum IgG4 levels, and histological alterations with infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells. IgG4-RD is rare and likely underdiagnosed in children. We report a case of a 16-year-old girl with IgG4-positive colitis that developed weeks after IgG4-related ophthalmic disease and discuss diagnosis and treatment in the context of the literature available. Since the pathophysiology of IgG4-RD is unknown, treatment options are empiric and, for the most part, untargeted. Systemic corticosteroid treatment is the basis of anti-inflammatory treatment in IgG4-RD and induced early remission in our patient. During corticosteroid taper, the patient developed weight loss and intestinal inflammation. Histopathological assessment of the intestinal walls confirmed IgG4-positive colitis. Immune-modulating treatment with non-biologic (e.g., methotrexate (MTX) and mycophenolate mofetil) or biologic (rituximab) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs has been reported in treatment refractory or corticosteroid-dependent patients. The patient responded to treatment with anti-inflammatory therapy with food rich in TGF-β2 (modulen) and MTX. This is one of the first pediatric patients reported with IgG4-related colitis extending the phenotype of pediatric IgG4-RD. International collaboration to prospectively document clinical presentation and treatment responses may help to further establish the phenotype and treatment options and to raise awareness for IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissy Tille
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Schnabel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin W. Laass
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Taut
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Leszczynska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Pablik
- Department of Pathology, Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany
| | - Normi Brück
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian M. Hedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool School of Life Sciences, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Dietrich CF, Ferraioli G, Sirli R, Popescu A, Sporea I, Pienar C, Kunze C, Taut H, Schrading S, Bota S, Schreiber-Dietrich D, Fang C, Yi D. General advice in ultrasound based elastography of pediatric patients. Med Ultrason 2019; 21:315-326. [PMID: 31476212 DOI: 10.11152/mu-2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound elastography including transient elastography (TE), point shear wave elastography, (pSWE) and two (three)- dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) have been introduced mainly for the evaluation of the liver. All the techniques are also feasible for the examination of spleen, whereas pSWE and 2D-SWE can be used for the assessment of the pancreas, kidney, gastrointestinal tract and other organs. Strain elastography also plays a role for non-liver applications. The aim of the current report is to highlight unique features and techniques for the elastographic examinations in children and to report initial results in non-liver applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Ferraioli
- Giovanna Ferraioli, Department of Clinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Medical School University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Roxana Sirli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania.
| | - Alina Popescu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania.
| | - Ioan Sporea
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Pienar
- Pediatrics Department, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania.
| | - Christian Kunze
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Klinik für Radiologie, Abteilung Kinderradiologie, Germany.
| | - Heike Taut
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Simone Schrading
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie Aachen, Uniklinikum, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
| | - Simona Bota
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Nephrology and Emergency Medicine, Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Klagenfurt, Austria.
| | | | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Radiology. King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Yi
- 10Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Fitze G, Taut H, Rupprecht E, Roesner D. [Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Case report of an 11-year-old boy]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1998; 382:393-7. [PMID: 9498213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The popliteal entrapment syndrome arises due to a compression of the popliteal artery by tendomuscular structures often combined with an anomal position of the artery. Mostly young men are complaining of this disease. We report about an eleven-year old boy, who had an interview with us because of acute ischaemic symptoms in the left shank. We ensured a popliteal entrapment syndrome type I by Kogel. By a dorsal approach to the fossa poplitea we performed the myotomy and the restoration of the artery into the normal position. Eight month postoperative the boy is without any complaint. In doppler-scan we record an normal arterial flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fitze
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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9
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Fitze G, Roesner D, Taut H, Rupprecht E. Popliteal-artery-entrapment-Syndrom Kasuistik eines 11jährigen Knaben. Langenbecks Arch Surg 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02386627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Thurl S, Henker J, Taut H, Tovar K, Sawatzki G. Variations of neutral oligosaccharides and lactose in human milk during the feeding. Z Ernahrungswiss 1993; 32:262-9. [PMID: 8128747 DOI: 10.1007/bf01611164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There exist only few data concerning the variation of oligosaccharides in human milk. In this study the variations of neutral oligosaccharides and of lactose in human milk during the feeding were determined from five women at day 8 and at day 57 post partum. The milk of the investigated feedings was divided in four parts of equal volumes during sampling; the concentrations of neutral oligosaccharide fractions were determined by gel permeation chromatography on Fractogel TSK HW 40 (S) columns. No significant differences in the concentrations of the neutral oligosaccharide groups monofucosyllactoses, difucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraoses, monofucosyllacto-N-tetraoses and difucosyllacto-N-tetraoses and of lactose were found in the four milk parts. The results of this study favor the use of so-called mid-feed samples, a simple and convenient sampling method for analytical studies of human milk. Mid-feed samples are representative of the whole feeding as concerned for neutral oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thurl
- Research Department, Milupa AG, Friedrichsdorf, FRG
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