1
|
Veith H, Zaeh M, Luebbert C, Rodríguez-Hornedo N, Sadowski G. Stability of Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals at Humid Conditions Can Be Predicted. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:433. [PMID: 33806996 PMCID: PMC8004816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the stability of pharmaceutical formulations against relative humidity (RH) is essential if they are to become pharmaceutical products. The increasing interest in formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients as stable co-crystals (CCs) triggers the need for fast and reliable in-silico predictions of CC stability as a function of RH. CC storage at elevated RH can lead to deliquescence, which leads to CC dissolution and possible transformation to less soluble solid-state forms. In this work, the deliquescence RHs of the CCs succinic acid/nicotinamide, carbamazepine/nicotinamide, theophylline/citric acid, and urea/glutaric acid were predicted using the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT). These deliquescence RH values together with predicted phase diagrams of CCs in water were used to determine critical storage conditions, that could lead to CC instability, that is, CC dissolution and precipitation of its components. The importance of CC phase purity on RH conditions for CC stability is demonstrated, where trace levels of a separate phase of active pharmaceutical ingredient or of coformer can significantly decrease the deliquescence RH. The use of additional excipients such as fructose or xylitol was predicted to decrease the deliquescence RH even further. All predictions were successfully validated by stability measurements at 58%, 76%, 86%, 93%, and 98% RH and 25 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Veith
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; (H.V.); (M.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Maximilian Zaeh
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; (H.V.); (M.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Christian Luebbert
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; (H.V.); (M.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Naír Rodríguez-Hornedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA;
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; (H.V.); (M.Z.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Veith H, Wiechert F, Luebbert C, Sadowski G. Combining crystalline and polymeric excipients in API solid dispersions - Opportunity or risk? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:323-335. [PMID: 33296719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are often metastable against crystallization of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and thus might undergo unwanted changes during storage. The crystallization tendency of ASDs is influenced by the API crystallization driving force (CDF) and the mobility of the molecules in the ASD. Low molecular weight-excipients are known to stabilize amorphous APIs in so-called co-amorphous formulations. Due to their success in stabilizing co-amorphous APIs, low-molecular weight excipients might also enhance the stability of polymeric ASDs. In this work, we investigated the potential of combined low-molecular weight excipient/polymer formulations with in-silico tools and validated the predictions with long-term stability tests of the most promising excipient/polymer combinations. The considered critical quality attributes for the ASDs were the occurrence of amorphous phase separation, API CDF, and molecular mobility in the ASD. As an example, carbamazepine/polyvinylpyrrolidone ASDs were investigated combined with the excipients fructose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, saccharin, tryptophan, and urea. Although all excipients had a negative impact on the ASD stability, saccharin still turned out to be the most promising one. Long-term stability studies with ASDs containing either saccharin or tryptophan verified -in agreement to the predictions- that API crystallization occurred faster than in the reference ASDs without additional excipient. This work showed that the addition of crystalline excipients to polymeric ASDs might not only offer opportunities but might also bear risks for the long-term stability of the ASD, even though the crystalline excipient stabilizes the polymer-free API. Consequently, excipients should be evaluated based on the thermodynamic phase behavior of the individual mixture of API/polymer/excipient, rather than based on pure-component properties of the excipient only. In-silico predictions proposed in this work remarkably decrease the number of screening tests for identifying suitable formulation excipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Veith
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Felix Wiechert
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Luebbert
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Veith H, Voges M, Held C, Albert J. Measuring and Predicting the Extraction Behavior of Biogenic Formic Acid in Biphasic Aqueous/Organic Reaction Mixtures. ACS Omega 2017; 2:8982-8989. [PMID: 31457422 PMCID: PMC6645654 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The distribution coefficients and selectivities required for extraction purposes were predicted with a thermodynamic equation of state for the ternary system formic acid/water/extraction solvent. These predictions were validated with experimental data from the literature and experimental data from the oxidation of biomass to formic acid process measured in this work. Extraction solvents discussed in this work are 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, ethyl n-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, benzyl formate, and heptyl formate. The considered temperature ranged from 273 to 363 K under atmospheric pressure. Perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) was used for prediction purposes applying an approach as simple as possible and as complex as necessary to achieve trustworthy data for selecting the best extraction solvent. Using PC-SAFT allowed identifying 1-hexanol as the most promising solvent out of the 11 extraction agents. The predicted data were in good agreement with the experimental distribution coefficients and the selectivities, which are very sensitive to experimental uncertainties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Veith
- Laboratory
of Thermodynamics, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Voges
- Laboratory
of Thermodynamics, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Held
- Laboratory
of Thermodynamics, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jakob Albert
- Lehrstuhl
für Chemische Reaktionstechnik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuhlmann H, Veith H, Möller M, Nguyen KP, Górak A, Skiborowski M. Optimization-Based Approach to Process Synthesis for Process Intensification: Synthesis of Reaction-Separation Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Kuhlmann
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Fluid Separations, Emil-Figge-Strasse 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Heiner Veith
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Fluid Separations, Emil-Figge-Strasse 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marcel Möller
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Fluid Separations, Emil-Figge-Strasse 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kieu-Phi Nguyen
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Fluid Separations, Emil-Figge-Strasse 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrzej Górak
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Fluid Separations, Emil-Figge-Strasse 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Lodz Technical University, Department of Environmental and Process Engineering, Department of Heat and Mass Transfer, ul. Wólczańska 213, 90924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirko Skiborowski
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Fluid Separations, Emil-Figge-Strasse 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
|
7
|
Staufer T, Nemetschek R, Hackl R, Müller P, Veith H. Investigation of the superconducting order parameter in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68:1069-1072. [PMID: 10046070 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
8
|
Brocks W, Künecke G, Noack HD, Veith H. On the transferability of fracture mechanics parameters from specimens to structures using fem. Nuclear Engineering and Design 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-5493(89)90140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Gross F, Veith H, Andres K, Weger M, McDiarmid AG. Bulk superconductivity of Hg3- delta AsF6. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1986; 34:3503-3505. [PMID: 9940102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.34.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
10
|
Aurich D, Brocks W, Noack D, Veith H. Fracture mechanics analysis of a pressure vessel with a semi-elliptical surface crack using elastic-plastic FEM-calculations. Nuclear Engineering and Design 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-5493(83)90116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Aurich D, Brocks W, Noack D, Veith H. Elastic-plastic FEM-analysis of a nozzle corner crack and discussion of the results by some fracture mechanics concepts. Nuclear Engineering and Design 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-5493(82)90083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Veith H. Ein einfaches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Dicke der an Glas haftenden Wasserhaut. Z PHYS CHEM 1943. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1943-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
|