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Kvedaraite E, Lourda M, Mouratidou N, Düking T, Padhi A, Moll K, Czarnewski P, Sinha I, Xagoraris I, Kokkinou E, Damdimopoulos A, Weigel W, Hartwig O, Santos TE, Soini T, Van Acker A, Rahkonen N, Flodström Tullberg M, Ringqvist E, Buggert M, Jorns C, Lindforss U, Nordenvall C, Stamper CT, Unnersjö-Jess D, Akber M, Nadisauskaite R, Jansson J, Vandamme N, Sorini C, Grundeken ME, Rolandsdotter H, Rassidakis G, Villablanca EJ, Ideström M, Eulitz S, Arnell H, Mjösberg J, Henter JI, Svensson M. Intestinal stroma guides monocyte differentiation to macrophages through GM-CSF. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1752. [PMID: 38409190 PMCID: PMC10897309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells support epithelial cell and immune cell homeostasis and play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Here, we quantify the stromal response to inflammation in pediatric IBD and reveal subset-specific inflammatory responses across colon segments and intestinal layers. Using data from a murine dynamic gut injury model and human ex vivo transcriptomic, protein and spatial analyses, we report that PDGFRA+CD142-/low fibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages co-localize in the intestine. In primary human fibroblast-monocyte co-cultures, intestinal PDGFRA+CD142-/low fibroblasts foster monocyte transition to CCR2+CD206+ macrophages through granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Monocyte-derived CCR2+CD206+ cells from co-cultures have a phenotype similar to intestinal CCR2+CD206+ macrophages from newly diagnosed pediatric IBD patients, with high levels of PD-L1 and low levels of GM-CSF receptor. The study describes subset-specific changes in stromal responses to inflammation and suggests that the intestinal stroma guides intestinal macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Kvedaraite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magda Lourda
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Mouratidou
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Düking
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Avinash Padhi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Moll
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Xagoraris
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Efthymia Kokkinou
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasios Damdimopoulos
- Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis Core Facility, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Whitney Weigel
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Hartwig
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Telma E Santos
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Tea Soini
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aline Van Acker
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Tech Watch, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nelly Rahkonen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Malin Flodström Tullberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Ringqvist
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Jorns
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Lindforss
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher T Stamper
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Unnersjö-Jess
- Science for Life Laboratory, Dept. of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mira Akber
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruta Nadisauskaite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Jansson
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Vandamme
- VIB Single Cell Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiara Sorini
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marijke Elise Grundeken
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Rolandsdotter
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Rassidakis
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Ideström
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Eulitz
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Henrik Arnell
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme of Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tal N, Tzivinikos C, Gasparetto M, Serban DE, Zifman E, Hojsak I, Ledder O, Yerushalmy Feler A, Rolandsdotter H, Aloi M, Bramuzzo M, Buderus S, Lionetti P, Norsa L, Norden C, Urlep D, Romano C, Shaoul R, Martinez-Vinson C, Karoliny A, De Greef E, Kang B, VIčková E, Alvisi P, Kori M, Tavares M, Weiss B, Hussey S, Qamhawi ME, Palomino Pérez LM, Henderson P, Parmar R, Miele E, Rinawi F, Lozano-Ruf A, Zamvar V, Kolho KL, Shouval DS. Clinical Features and Natural History of Paediatric Patients with Ulcerative Proctitis: A Multicentre Study from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1939-1948. [PMID: 37392064 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulcerative proctitis [UP] is an uncommon presentation in paediatric patients with ulcerative colitis. We aimed to characterize the clinical features and natural history of UP in children, and to identify predictors of poor outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective study involving 37 sites affiliated with the IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN. Data were collected from patients aged <18 years diagnosed with UP between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020. RESULTS We identified 196 patients with UP (median age at diagnosis 14.6 years [interquartile range, IQR 12.5-16.0]), with a median follow-up of 2.7 years [IQR 1.7-3.8]. The most common presenting symptoms were bloody stools [95%], abdominal pain [61%] and diarrhoea [47%]. At diagnosis, the median paediatric ulcerative colitis activity index [PUCAI] score was 25 [IQR 20-35], but most patients exhibited moderate-severe endoscopic inflammation. By the end of induction, 5-aminosalicylic acid administration orally, topically or both resulted in clinical remission rates of 48%, 48%, and 73%, respectively. The rates of treatment escalation to biologics at 1, 3, and 5 years were 10%, 22%, and 43%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the PUCAI score at diagnosis was significantly associated with initiation of systemic steroids, or biologics, and subsequent acute severe colitis events and inflammatory bowel disease-associated admission, with a score ≥35 providing an increased risk for poor outcomes. By the end of follow-up, 3.1% of patients underwent colectomy. Patients with UP that experienced proximal disease progression during follow-up [48%] had significantly higher rates of a caecal patch at diagnosis and higher PUCAI score by the end of induction, compared to those without progression. CONCLUSION Paediatric patients with UP exhibit high rates of treatment escalation and proximal disease extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Tal
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christos Tzivinikos
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Department, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marco Gasparetto
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - Daniela E Serban
- 2nd Clinic of Pediatrics, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eyal Zifman
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oren Ledder
- The Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Yerushalmy Feler
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Institute, 'Dana-Dwek' Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Helena Rolandsdotter
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Aloi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Institute, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bramuzzo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Lionetti
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Christoph Norden
- Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Darja Urlep
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, University Children's Hospital of the University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'G. Barresi', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ron Shaoul
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Institute, Ruth Children's Hospital of Haifa, Rambam Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Christine Martinez-Vinson
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatriques, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Anna Karoliny
- Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elisabeth De Greef
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Kidz Health Castle UZ Brussels, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ben Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eva VIčková
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrizia Alvisi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michal Kori
- Pdiatric Gastroenterology, Kaplan Medical Centre, Rehovot and the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marta Tavares
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Batia Weiss
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Seamus Hussey
- Children's Health Ireland, UCD and RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria E Qamhawi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, StockholmSweden
| | - Laura M Palomino Pérez
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Henderson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Raj Parmar
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - Erasmo Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Firas Rinawi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ana Lozano-Ruf
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veena Zamvar
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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3
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Kokkinou E, Soini T, Pandey RV, van Acker A, Theorell J, Czarnewski P, Kvedaraite E, Vandamme N, Lourda M, Sorini C, Weigel W, Carrasco A, Tibbitt CA, Schlums H, Lindforss U, Nordenvall C, Ljunggren M, Ideström M, Svensson M, Henter JI, Villablanca EJ, Bryceson YT, Rolandsdotter H, Mjösberg J. The single-cell transcriptional landscape of innate and adaptive lymphocytes in pediatric-onset colitis. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101038. [PMID: 37160121 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are considered innate counterparts of adaptive T cells; however, their common and unique transcriptional signatures in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) are largely unknown. Here, we report a dysregulated colonic ILC composition in pIBD colitis that correlates with inflammatory activity, including accumulation of naive-like CD45RA+CD62L- ILCs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) reveals modules of genes that are shared or unique across innate and adaptive lymphocytes. Shared modules include genes associated with activation/tissue residency, naivety/quiescence, and antigen presentation. Lastly, nearest-neighbor-based analysis facilitates the identification of "most inflamed" and "least inflamed" lymphocytes in pIBD colon with unique transcriptional signatures. Our study reveals shared and unique transcriptional signatures of colonic ILCs and T cells in pIBD. We also provide insight into the transcriptional regulation of colonic inflammation, deepening our understanding of the potential mechanisms involved in pIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Kokkinou
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tea Soini
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ram Vinay Pandey
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aline van Acker
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Theorell
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Psychiatry Southwest, Health Care Services Stockholm County, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Egle Kvedaraite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Vandamme
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Magda Lourda
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Sorini
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Whitney Weigel
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Carrasco
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Andrew Tibbitt
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heinrich Schlums
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Lindforss
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Ljunggren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Ideström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme of Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Rolandsdotter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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