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Yakout SM, Alfadul H, Ansari MGA, Khattak MNK, Al-Daghri NM. Vitamin D Status Modestly Regulates NOD-Like Receptor Family with a Pyrin Domain 3 Inflammasome and Interleukin Profiles among Arab Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16377. [PMID: 38003567 PMCID: PMC10670975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been associated with inflammation and dysregulation of the immune system. The NLRP3 inflammasome, a critical immune response component, plays a pivotal role in developing inflammatory diseases. VD hinders NLRP3 inflammasome activation and thus exerts anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to analyze the effect of VD deficiency on circulating levels of NLRP3 inflammasomes (NLRP3 and caspase-1) and associated interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33 and IL-37) in Saudi adults. Methods: A total of 338 Saudi adults (128 males and 210 females) (mean age = 41.2 ± 9.1 years and mean BMI 31.2 ± 6.5 kg/m2) were included. Overnight-fasting serum samples were collected. Participants were stratified according to their VD status. Serum levels of NLRP3 inflammasomes and interleukins of interest were assessed using commercially available immuno-assays. Individuals with VD deficiency had significantly lower mean 25(OH)D levels than those with a normal VD status (29.3 nmol/L vs. 74.2 nmol/L, p < 0.001). The NLRP3 levels were higher in the VD-deficient group than their VD-sufficient counterparts (0.18 vs. 0.16, p = 0.01). Significant inverse associations were observed between NLRP3 levels with age (r = -0.20, p = 0.003) and BMI (r = -0.17, p = 0.01). Stepwise regression analysis identified insulin (β = 0.38, p = 0.005) and NLRP3 (β = -1.33, p = 0.03) as significant predictors of VD status, explaining 18.3% of the variance. The findings suggest that the VD status modestly regulates NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin activities. This may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and management of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.N.K.K.)
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Alfadul H, Sabico S, Alnaami AM, Amer OE, Hussain SD, Wani K, Clerici M, Al-Daghri NM. Acute Glycemic Control in Prediabetes Individuals Favorably Alters Serum NLRP3 Inflammasome and Related Interleukins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13837. [PMID: 37762140 PMCID: PMC10530894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia associated with prediabetes (PD) alters NLRP3 inflammasome activity and related interleukins, yet no study has evaluated the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and related interleukins in individuals with a PD condition that did or did not develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated the effect of 6 months of lifestyle modification on the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and related interleukins (1α, 1β, 18, 33 and 37) in the sera of individuals with a PD condition that did or did not develop T2DM. This interventional study included 67 Saudi adults (mean age = 41.9 ± 8.0 years, mean BMI = 33.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2). Overnight-fasting serum samples were collected at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up. Serum levels of NLRP3, capsase-1 and related ILs were analyzed at both visits using commercially available immunoassay kits. Results showed that IL-1α increased in the PD group that developed T2DM (p = 0.046), IL-33 decreased in the PD group that reverted to normal (p < 0.001) and NLRP3 decreased in the PD group that remained PD (p = 0.01). Results also showed a positive over-time correlation between NLRP3 and both IL-1α and IL-33 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.028, respectively). In conclusion, glycemic control favorably altered NLRP3 inflammasome complex activity, and lifestyle modification in PD individuals is crucial in reversing harmful metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Alfadul
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama E. Amer
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed D. Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Medical-Surgery Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alfadul H, Sabico S, Ansari MGA, Alnaami AM, Amer OE, Hussain SD, Wani K, Khattak MNK, Clerici M, Al-Daghri NM. Differences and Associations of NLRP3 Inflammasome Levels with Interleukins 1α, 1β, 33 and 37 in Adults with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051315. [PMID: 37238986 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) has been observed to be involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases, including prediabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Varying levels of glycemia can trigger inflammasome activation; yet, limited studies have reported the associations between NLRP3 levels or other circulating interleukins (ILs) and glycemic status. This study investigated the differences and associations between serum levels of NLRP3 and IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33 and IL-37 in Arab adults with PD and T2DM. A total of 407 Saudi adults (151 males and 256 females) (mean age = 41.4 ± 9.1 years and mean BMI = 30.7 ± 6.4 kg/m2) were included. Overnight-fasting serum samples were collected. The participants were stratified according to T2DM status. Serum levels of NLRP3 and ILs of interest were assessed using commercially available assays. In all participants, age- and BMI-adjusted circulating levels of IL-37 were significantly higher in the T2DM group (p = 0.02) than in healthy controls (HC) and the PD group. A general linear model analysis revealed that NLRP3 levels were significantly influenced by T2DM status; age; and ILs 18, 1α and 33 (p-values 0.03, 0.04, 0.005, 0.004 and 0.007, respectively). IL-1α and triglycerides significantly predicted NLRP3 levels by as much as 46% of the variance perceived (p < 0.01). In conclusion, T2DM status significantly influenced NLRP3 expression and other IL levels in varying degrees. Whether these altered levels of inflammasome markers can be favorably reversed through lifestyle interventions needs to be investigated prospectively in the same population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Alfadul
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 13579, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 13579, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed G A Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama E Amer
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed D Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak N K Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Medical-Surgery Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 13579, Saudi Arabia
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Alfadul H, Sabico S, Al-Daghri NM. The role of interleukin-1β in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:901616. [PMID: 35966098 PMCID: PMC9363617 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.901616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial non-communicable disease that is characterized by insulin resistance and chronic sub-clinical inflammation. Among the emerging inflammatory markers observed to be associated with β-cell damage is interleukin 1β (IL1β), a proinflammatory cytokine that modulates important metabolic processes including insulin secretion and β-cell apoptosis. The present systematic review and meta-analysis gathers available evidence on the emerging role of IL1β in T2DM. PubMed and Embase were searched for human studies that assessed 1L1β in T2DM individuals from 2016-2021. Thirteen studies (N=2680; T2DM=1182, controls=1498) out of 523 were included in the systematic review and only 3 studies in the meta-analysis. Assays were the most commonly used quantification method and lipopolysaccharides as the most common stimulator for IL1β upregulation. Random and fixed effects meta-analysis showed non-significant mean differences of IL1β concentrations between the T2DM and controls. Given the high heterogeneity and small subset of studies included, caution is advised in the interpretation of results. The present systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the limited evidence available that could implicate 1L1β as a potent biomarker for T2DM. Standardization of 1L1β assays with larger sample sizes are encouraged in future observational and prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Alfadul
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Nasser M. Al-Daghri,
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