1
|
Mwapagha LM, Chibanga V, Shipanga H, Parker MI. New insights from Whole Genome Sequencing: BCLAF1 deletion as a structural variant that predisposes cells towards cellular transformation. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:229. [PMID: 34490482 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer arises from a multi‑step cellular transformation process where some mutations may be inherited, while others are acquired during the process of malignant transformation. Aberrations in the BCL2 associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1) gene have previously been identified in patients with cancer and the aim of the present study was to identify structural variants (SVs) and the effects of BCLAF1 gene silencing on cell transformation. Whole‑genome sequencing was performed on DNA isolated from tumour biopsies with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Paired‑end sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq2000, with 300 bp reads. Reads were aligned to the Homo sapiens reference genome (NCBI37) using ELAND and CASAVA software. SVs reported from the alignment were collated with gene loci, using the variant effect predictor of Ensembl. The affected genes were subsequently cross‑checked against the Genetic Association Database for disease and cancer associations. BCLAF1 deletion was identified as a noteworthy SV that could be associated with OSCC. Transient small interfering RNA‑mediated knockdown of BCLAF1 resulted in the altered expression of several downstream genes, including downregulation of the proapoptotic genes Caspase‑3 and BAX and the DNA damage repair genes exonuclease 1, ATR‑interacting protein and transcription regulator protein BACH1. BCLAF1 deficiency also attenuated P53 gene expression. Inhibition of BCLAF1 expression also resulted in increased colony formation. These results provide evidence that the abrogation of BCLAF1 expression results in the dysregulation of several cancer signalling pathways and abnormal cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamech M Mwapagha
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape 7925, South Africa
| | - Vimbaishe Chibanga
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape 7925, South Africa
| | - Hendrina Shipanga
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape 7925, South Africa
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape 7925, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dzobo K, Thomford NE, Senthebane DA, Shipanga H, Rowe A, Dandara C, Pillay M, Motaung KSCM. Advances in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: Innovation and Transformation of Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2495848. [PMID: 30154861 PMCID: PMC6091336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2495848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and animals lose tissues and organs due to congenital defects, trauma, and diseases. The human body has a low regenerative potential as opposed to the urodele amphibians commonly referred to as salamanders. Globally, millions of people would benefit immensely if tissues and organs can be replaced on demand. Traditionally, transplantation of intact tissues and organs has been the bedrock to replace damaged and diseased parts of the body. The sole reliance on transplantation has created a waiting list of people requiring donated tissues and organs, and generally, supply cannot meet the demand. The total cost to society in terms of caring for patients with failing organs and debilitating diseases is enormous. Scientists and clinicians, motivated by the need to develop safe and reliable sources of tissues and organs, have been improving therapies and technologies that can regenerate tissues and in some cases create new tissues altogether. Tissue engineering and/or regenerative medicine are fields of life science employing both engineering and biological principles to create new tissues and organs and to promote the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. Major advances and innovations are being made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and have a huge impact on three-dimensional bioprinting (3D bioprinting) of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting holds great promise for artificial tissue and organ bioprinting, thereby revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine. This review discusses how recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can improve 3D bioprinting and vice versa. Several challenges must be overcome in the application of 3D bioprinting before this disruptive technology is widely used to create organotypic constructs for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hendrina Shipanga
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arielle Rowe
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Pillay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dzobo K, Hassen N, Senthebane DA, Thomford NE, Rowe A, Shipanga H, Wonkam A, Parker MI, Mowla S, Dandara C. Chemoresistance to Cancer Treatment: Benzo-α-Pyrene as Friend or Foe? Molecules 2018; 23:E930. [PMID: 29673198 PMCID: PMC6017867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Environmental pollution such as exposure to pro-carcinogens including benzo-α-pyrene is becoming a major problem globally. Moreover, the effects of benzo-α-pyrene (BaP) on drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug resistance warrant further investigation, especially in cancer outpatient chemotherapy where exposure to environmental pollutants might occur. Method: We report here on the effects of benzo-α-pyrene on esophageal cancer cells in vitro, alone, or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin, 5-flurouracil, or paclitaxel. As the study endpoints, we employed expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation, drug metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, colony formation, migration, and signaling cascades in the WHCO1 esophageal cancer cell line after 24 h of treatment. Results: Benzo-α-pyrene had no significant effect on WHCO1 cancer cell proliferation but reversed the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs by reducing drug-induced cell death and apoptosis by 30−40% compared to drug-treated cells. The three drugs significantly reduced WHCO1 cell migration by 40−50% compared to control and BaP-treated cells. Combined exposure to drugs was associated with significantly increased apoptosis and reduced colony formation. Evaluation of survival signaling cascades showed that although the MEK-ERK and Akt pathways were activated in the presence of drugs, BaP was a stronger activator of the MEK-ERK and Akt pathways than the drugs. Conclusion: The present study suggest that BaP can reverse the effects of drugs on cancer cells via the activation of survival signaling pathways and upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Our data show that BaP contribute to the development of chemoresistant cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), University of Cape Town Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Naseeha Hassen
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Metabolism Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), University of Cape Town Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Metabolism Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Arielle Rowe
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), University of Cape Town Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Hendrina Shipanga
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), University of Cape Town Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Metabolism Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Shaheen Mowla
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Collet Dandara
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Metabolism Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|