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Shirzad Aski H, Tabatabaei M. Occurrence of virulence-associated genes in Pasteurella multocida isolates obtained from different hosts. Microb Pathog 2016; 96:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Raeisi M, Tajik H, Razavi Rohani SM, Tepe B, Kiani H, Khoshbakht R, Shirzad Aski H, Tadrisi H. Inhibitory effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil, alone and in combination with monolaurin, on Listeria monocytogenes. Vet Res Forum 2016; 7:7-11. [PMID: 27226881 PMCID: PMC4867031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the major causes of infections in developing countries. In this study, chemical composition and anti-listerial effect of the essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss. alone and in combination with monolaurin were evaluated at different pH values (5, 6, and 7) and temperatures (5 ˚C and 30 ˚C). Chemical composition of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil and monolaurin were determined using microbroth dilution method and the interactions of essential oil and monolaurin were determined by the evaluation of fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) index. Carvacrol (63.20%) and thymol (15.10%) were found as the main components of the essential oil. The MIC values of the oil and monolaurin at pH 7 and 30 ˚C were measured as 312.50 µg mL(-1) and 125.00 µg mL(-1), respectively. Combination of monolaurin and Z. multiflora essential oil were found to act synergistically (FIC index < 0.5) against L. monocytogenes under different pH and temperature conditions. Decrease in the pH and temperature values have increased the anti-listerial activity of monolaurin and the essential oil. The lowest MIC value of monolaurin and essential oil was observed at pH 5 and 5 ˚C. According to our results, the oil alone or in combination with monolaurin at low pH and temperature conditions showed a promising inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Raeisi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; ,Cereal Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; ,Correspondence Mojtaba Raeisi. DVM, PhD, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; and Cereal Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Hossein Tajik
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Seyed Mehdi Razavi Rohani
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Bektas Tepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Turkey;
| | - Hossein Kiani
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran,Karaj, Iran;
| | - Rahem Khoshbakht
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran;
| | | | - Hamed Tadrisi
- Graduated of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Khoshbakht R, Tabatabaei M, Hoseinzadeh S, Raeisi M, Aski HS, Berizi E. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. of slaughtered cattle and sheep in Shiraz, Iran. Vet Res Forum 2016; 7:241-246. [PMID: 27872721 PMCID: PMC5094166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Although poultry meat is considered as the main source for human Campylobacter infections, there is limited information about non-poultry sources. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in fecal samples of the cattle and sheep in Shiraz, Iran. A total of 302 fecal samples were obtained from clinically healthy, slaughtered cattle and sheep from Shiraz slaughterhouse. The animals were clinically healthy before being slaughtered. The samples were cultured according to the specific cultivation method under thermophilic conditions. The susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates were determined for 13 antimicrobial agents. All enriched samples and cultured isolates were targeted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of 16S rRNA and multiplex PCR for determining their species. Among 302 fecal samples, 65 (21.5%) and 205 (67.8%) samples were positive for the presence of Campylobacter species with the cultivation and PCR techniques, respectively. All 65 distinct isolates were susceptible to neomycin and colistin and the isolates showed high resistance to cephalotin (83.0%) and ciprofloxacin (67.7%). After the multiplex PCR, 78.5% of total positive samples showed the simultaneous presence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. In conclusion, the results emphasized that non-poultry farms are important as a possible source of Campylobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahem Khoshbakht
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran; ,Correspondence: Rahem Khoshbakht. DVM, PhD, Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Saeid Hoseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Mojtaba Raeisi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | | | - Enayat Berizi
- Department of Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
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Shirzad Aski H, Tabatabaei M, Khoshbakht R, Raeisi M. Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of emergent Arcobacter spp. isolated from cattle and sheep in Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 44:37-40. [PMID: 26851593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study is conducted to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter spp. isolated from clinically healthy food animals. A total of 308 samples from cattle (200) and sheep (108) were collected from Shiraz slaughterhouse, southern Iran to investigate the presence of the important Arcobacter spp. using cultivation and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Arcobacter isolates was determined for 18 antibiotics using disk diffusion method. Among 308 samples, 27 (8.7%) and 44 (14.28%) were positive for the presence of Arcobacter species with cultivation and PCR procedures, respectively. The predominant species was A. butzleri in both cattle (58.33%) and sheep (55%). In addition, concurrent incidence of the species was observed in 25% of the positive samples. All Arcobacter isolates were resistant to rifampicin, vancomycin, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim and cephalothin. The isolates showed high susceptibility to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin and enrofloxacin. No significant difference among cattle and sheep isolates in resistance pattern was observed. The results indicate that cattle and sheep are significant intestinal carriers for Arcobacter spp. Moreover, tetracycline and aminoglycosides showed great effects on Arcobacter species in antibiogram test and can be used for treatment of human Arcobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rahem Khoshbakht
- Department of Food hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Raeisi
- Cereal Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Khoshbakht R, Tabatabaei M, Hosseinzadeh S, Shirzad Aski H, Seifi S. Genetic Characterization of Campylobacter Jejuni and C. coli Isolated From Broilers Using flaA PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Method in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e18573. [PMID: 26060566 PMCID: PMC4458359 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(5)2015.18573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thermophilic campylobacters, particularly Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are the main agents of human campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter contaminated chicken products is the most important source of foodborne gastroenteritis. Evaluation of genetic diversity among Campylobacter population is critical for understanding the epidemiology of this bacterium and developing effective control strategies against Campylobacter infections and other related disorders. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from broiler fecal samples in Shiraz, southern Iran. Materials and Methods: Ninety Campylobacter isolates were recovered from broiler feces using enrichment process followed by cultivation method. The isolates were species typing on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of 16SrRNA and multiplex PCR for determining two thermophilic species. To evaluate strain diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates, flaA PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was performed using DdeI restriction enzyme. Results: All 90 Campylobacter isolates confirmed by m-PCR were successfully typed using flaA-PCR-RFLP. Eleven different types were defined according to flaA-typing method and the RFLP patterns were located at three separate clusters in RFLP image analysis dendrogram. Conclusions: Campylobacter jejuni isolates significantly showed more variety than C. coli isolates. A relatively low genetic diversity existed among C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from broilers in Shiraz, southern Iran. In our knowledge, this was the first report of genetic diversity among broiler originated human pathogen thermophilic campylobacters in Shiraz, southern Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahem Khoshbakht
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Rahem Khoshbakht, Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IR Iran. Tel: + 98 - 911919059, Fax: + 98 - 1212271054, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Hesamaddin Shirzad Aski
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Saeed Seifi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IR Iran
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Sharifiyazdi H, Nazifi S, Shirzad Aski H, Shayegh H. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the causative agent of hemoplasma infection in small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes Javanicus). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 37:243-7. [PMID: 25097036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hemoplasmas are the trivial name for a group of erythrocyte-parasitizing bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma. This study is the first report of hemoplasma infection in Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes Javanicus) based on molecular analysis of 16S rDNA. Whole blood samples were collected by sterile methods, from 14 live captured mongooses, in the south of Iran. Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt)-like hemoplasma was detected in blood samples from one animal tested. BLAST search and phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S rDNA sequence (933bp) of the hemoplasma from Small Indian mongoose (KJ530704) revealed only 96-97% identity to the previously described CMt followed by 95% and 91% similarity with Mycoplasma coccoides and Mycoplasma haemomuris, respectively. Accordingly, the Iranian mongoose CMt isolate showed a high intra-specific genetic variation compared to all previously reported CMt strains in GenBank. Further molecular studies using multiple phylogenetic markers are required to characterize the exact species of Mongoose-derived hemoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Hossein Shayegh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Tabatabaei M, Shirzad Aski H, Shayegh H, Khoshbakht R. Occurrence of six virulence-associated genes in Arcobacter species isolated from various sources in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Microb Pathog 2013; 66:1-4. [PMID: 24201143 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In humans, arcobacters are associated with watery diarrhea and septicemia. Although, recently, more cases of diarrhea have been caused by Arcobacter species, very little is known about its pathogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of six putative Arcobacter virulence genes (cadF, ciaB, cj1349, mviN, pldA, and tlyA), in a set of 113 Arcobacter butzleri, 40 Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and 15 Arcobacter skirrowii isolates that were recovered from various origins. The isolates were confirmed on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genus and species specific PCR for determining three species. For confirmed isolates, PCR was carried out for the presence of virulence genes using specific primers. All A. butzleri isolates carried all six genes. For A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii, the cadF gene was detected just in 55 and 53.3%, ciaB in 97.5 and 86.6%, cj1349 in 45 and 60%, mviN in 90 and 80%, pldA in 32.5 and 13.3%, and tlyA in 37.5 and 40%, respectively. For A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii, the genes ciaB and mviN were significantly more prevalent than other virulence markers (P ≤ 0.05). The findings revealed that many of the important Arcobacter strains (86%) have these putative virulence genes which can be potential pathogenic properties for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, 71345-1731 Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hesamaddin Shirzad Aski
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, 71345-1731 Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Shayegh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Rahem Khoshbakht
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
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Khoshbakht R, Tabatabaei M, Hosseinzadeh S, Shekarforoush SS, Aski HS. Distribution of nine virulence-associated genes in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolated from broiler feces in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:764-70. [PMID: 23789768 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of nine virulence and toxin genes of Campylobacter, a total of 90 Campylobacter strains including 48 C. jejuni and 42 C. coli were recovered from chicken feces by cultivation methods. The isolates were identified on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of 16SrRNA and multiplex PCR for determining two species. For confirmed strains, PCR was carried out for the presence of virulence genes using specific primers. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 12.0.1. The cadF gene and three genes associated with cytolethal distending toxin were present in 100% of isolates. Plasmid virB11 gene was not found in any of the Campylobacter isolates, and the prevalence of pldA, wlaN, iamA, and cgtB genes were 92.22%, 82.22%, 81.11%, and 22.22%, respectively. The findings revealed that the distribution of the majority of these genes were not dissimilar among Campylobacter species. The results emphasized that many of the pathogenic C. jejuni and C. coli may have these genes, and the Campylobacter strains with poultry origin have pathogenic potential properties for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahem Khoshbakht
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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