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Lu PYT, Kirlin AC, Aristizabal MJ, Brewis HT, Lévesque N, Setiaputra DT, Avvakumov N, Benschop JJ, Groot Koerkamp M, Holstege FCP, Krogan NJ, Yip CK, Côté J, Kobor MS. A balancing act: interactions within NuA4/TIP60 regulate picNuA4 function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans. Genetics 2022; 222:iyac136. [PMID: 36066422 PMCID: PMC9630986 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The NuA4 lysine acetyltransferase complex acetylates histone and nonhistone proteins and functions in transcription regulation, cell cycle progression, and DNA repair. NuA4 harbors an interesting duality in that its catalytic module can function independently and distinctly as picNuA4. At the molecular level, picNuA4 anchors to its bigger brother via physical interactions between the C-terminus of Epl1 and the HSA domain of Eaf1, the NuA4 central scaffolding subunit. This is reflected at the regulatory level, as picNuA4 can be liberated genetically from NuA4 by disrupting the Epl1-Eaf1 interaction. As such, removal of either Eaf1 or the Epl1 C-terminus offers a unique opportunity to elucidate the contributions of Eaf1 and Epl1 to NuA4 biology and in turn their roles in balancing picNuA4 and NuA4 activities. Using high-throughput genetic and gene expression profiling, and targeted functional assays to compare eaf1Δ and epl1-CΔ mutants, we found that EAF1 and EPL1 had both overlapping and distinct roles. Strikingly, loss of EAF1 or its HSA domain led to a significant decrease in the amount of picNuA4, while loss of the Epl1 C-terminus increased picNuA4 levels, suggesting starkly opposing effects on picNuA4 regulation. The eaf1Δ epl1-CΔ double mutants resembled the epl1-CΔ single mutants, indicating that Eaf1's role in picNuA4 regulation depended on the Epl1 C-terminus. Key aspects of this regulation were evolutionarily conserved, as truncating an Epl1 homolog in human cells increased the levels of other picNuA4 subunits. Our findings suggested a model in which distinct aspects of the Epl1-Eaf1 interaction regulated picNuA4 amount and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Y T Lu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Alyssa C Kirlin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Maria J Aristizabal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hilary T Brewis
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Nancy Lévesque
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Dheva T Setiaputra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nikita Avvakumov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Joris J Benschop
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank C P Holstege
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584 CS, The Netherlands
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Calvin K Yip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jacques Côté
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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