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Bibi H, Haroon U, Farhana, Kamal A, Akbar M, Anar M, Batool SS, Bilal A, Jabeen H, Ahmed J, Chaudhary HJ, Munis MFH. Impact of bacterial synthesized nanoparticles on quality attributes and postharvest disease control efficacy of apricot and loquat. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3920-3934. [PMID: 37530611 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest fungal attacks on fruits such as apricots and loquats are common. Diseased fruit samples were collected from Murree's local fruit markets. The disease-causing pathogens were identified utilizing molecular, microscopic, and morphological characteristics. Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus niger were identified as the pathogens responsible for brown rot in loquat and black rot in apricot. To combat these fruit diseases, iron oxide (Fe2 O3 ) nanoparticles were synthesized using Bacillus subtilis and were characterized using various techniques. X-ray diffraction examination validated the size of iron oxide nanoparticles. The presence of several capping agents in the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the spherical morphology of nanoparticles, whereas energy-dispersive X-ray proved the presence of different elemental compositions. After completing antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo, it was discovered that a nanoparticle concentration of 1.0 mg/mL efficiently suppressed the growth of fungal mycelia. Fungi growth was effectively inhibited in fruit samples treated with 1.0 mg/mL nanoparticles. The results of successful in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities imply that iron oxide (Fe2 O3 ) nanoparticles play an important role in ensuring fruit quality against pathogenic attacks. Bacterial-mediated iron oxide can be widely used because it is less expensive and less harmful to the environment than chemically manufactured fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Bibi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Haroon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Farhana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Kamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Akbar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Anar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saira Batool
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aatra Bilal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hira Jabeen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ahmed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Jabeen H, Haroon U, Bilal A, Anjum L, Kamal A, Bibi H, Anar M, Ahmed J, Saleem H, Akbar M, Munis MFH. Application of phyto-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles to diminish brown spot of pear whilst maintaining its quality. Microsc Res Tech 2023. [PMID: 37249030 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pyrus communis is a common fruit of temperate region, its domestication and origin is at two different points, Asia and China. Pear fruits bearing brown spot symptoms were picked, and pathogen was isolated and poured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. On basis of molecular and molecular analyses, this isolated pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternata. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared from Theveti peruviana leaf extract and were characterized through various techniques Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of prepared ZnO NPs depicted the presence of agents responsible for stabilization and reduction such as alkenes, alkynes, nitro compounds, alkyl halides, aromatic compounds and aliphatic amines. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the size (27 nm) and crystalline nature of ZnO NPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) depicted the irregular shape of the prepared ZnO NPs. Mass percentage of zinc (79.84%) and oxygen (20.16%) was depicted using Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis. The in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity (A.F) of prepared NPs against A. alternata was confirmed by poisoned food technique and wound inoculation method. On the basis of which it was concluded that 1.0 mg/mL concentration of ZnO NPs could effectively inhibit A. alteranata growth and minimize the risk of brown spot of pear. SEM images of A. alternata under 1 mg/mL NPs showed the deformation in morphology of A. alternata. ZnO NPs also aided in the preservation of its various organoleptic and biochemical properties. The high percentage of soluble solids, firmness, ascorbic acid and sugars demonstrated its high quality. It has been concluded that 1 mg/mL ZnO NPs can effectively control brown spot of pear while maintaining its quality. In addition, the method might be applied to control emerging diseases in an ecofriendly way to meet the global food demand. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Isolation and characterization of pathogen causing brown spot in pear. Pathogenicity of A. alternata was checked on healthy fruits. Thevetia peruviana leaf extract was used for the synthesis, characterization and antifungal assay of ZnO Nanoparticles. Green synthesized nanoparticles can be economically effective alternative fungicide for the large scale in agriculture fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Jabeen
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aatra Bilal
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Anjum
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Kamal
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hasna Bibi
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Anar
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hira Saleem
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Rahat MA, Israr M, Hassan I, Islam M, -Ud-Din A, Ali A, Khan MI, Iqbal MS, Jabeen H, Rasool A, Akbar F, Khan MAA, Ullah N, Ali R, Nasar M, Shah M. Episode of Hepatitis C viral infection in the people of Swat, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e243283. [PMID: 34161427 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents cause serious diseases in humans worldwide and are responsible for the high rate of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and epidemiology of infectious disease (HCV) in the hospital visited patients referred by the physicians through the initial findings and their associated risk factors were studied in Swat. The data of 174 infected patients were collected during the period of 2015 to 2017 from two clinical laboratories of Tehsil Matta Swat. Inform consent form was taken before blood collection. After taking informed consent blood samples were collected and ICT test was performed and then ICT positive cases were conform through PCR. A total of 174 ICT positive samples [106 male and 68 females] were included in this study. Age was considered from 10 to 72 years. Of the 174 ICT strip positive, 99 [63 males, 36 females] were confirmed through PCR. The prevalence rate was recorded 56.89%. I.V/I.M injection was recorded in 100% of the individuals. Visits to the barber shop was reported in (58%) of the individuals, married individuals were (81.0), surgical operation was reported in (44.8%), sharing toothbrush was observed in (29.9%), piercing was reported in (39.7%), family history was reported in (26.4%), dental treatment was observed in (21.8%), jaundice were (13.2%) and tattooing was (1.7%). Blood transfusion, surgical operations, Jaundice, family history and dental treatment were found significant risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. It was concluded that proper implementation of precautionary measures should be needed to control the spread of HCV in far near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rahat
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - I Hassan
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Islam
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A -Ud-Din
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Saidu Medical College, Saidu Sharif Swat, Pakistan
| | - M I Khan
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M S Iqbal
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Women University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat-19201, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat-19201, Pakistan
| | - M A A Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - N Ullah
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - R Ali
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Nasar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSAT University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- Center for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
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Luqman L, Saeed K, Muhammad K, Ahmad MS, Akbar F, Rasool A, Israr M, Jabeen H, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Alam A, Ullah S, Saeed N, Usman K, Hussain I, El Halim HMA, Khan W, Shah M. Biodiversity of orb-web spiders (family: araneidae) of buner valley, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238339. [PMID: 34161423 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research was carried out to explore the spider fauna of Buner valley with taxonomic study from February 2018 to January 2019. For this purpose samples were collected, four times at each month from 4 tehsils: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan and Totalai. Two methods were used, hand picking and sweep net for collection of samples. During day and night, three habitats, arid area, agriculture land and building area were search for collection. A total of 534 samples of spider were collected from four sampling sites, in which 379 were belonging to family Araniedae. After confirmation, the identified species were belonging to 8 genera (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia and Poltys) and 19 species. 18 of them were identified to specie level while a single specie to its generic level. The genus Neoscona was the dominant genus 26.31% having 5 species while the genus Argiope 21.05% is the second dominant having 4 species followed by Cyclosa 15.78% having 3 species followed by Cyrtophora and Araneus 10.52% having two species both. The Poltys and Larinia 5.26% are the rarest genera represent single-single specie both. Statistical analysis show that specie richness (D) = 5.77, Simpson index (1-D) = 0.87, Shannon index (H) = 2.33. Diversity of spiders was evenly distributed and calculated Evenness value was H/InS = 0.5408. There is also few atypical species and Fisher alpha estimate high value (Fisher α) = 4.42. Chao-1 estimated we have reported 22 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Luqman
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Saeed
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Muhammad
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakista
| | - M S Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Women University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Alam
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Saeed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Usman
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - I Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - W Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Ullah I, Afridi SG, Khan AU, Israr M, Ali A, Shams S, Jabeen H, Rasool A, Akbar F, Rahat MA, Haris M, Khan A, Siraj M, Shah M. PCR-RFLP Based genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax genotypes in district Mardan, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e241110. [PMID: 34133560 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.241110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most common human malaria parasite in Asian countries including Pakistan. Present study was designed to explore the genetic diversity of plasmodium vivax genotypes based on Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3βgenes using allelic specific nested PCR and RFLP assays markers from field isolates in district Mardan, Pakistan. Blood samples of 200 P. vivax malarial patients were collected after taking their written informed consent. Genetic diversity in nested PCR products was determined by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) utilizing Alu1 and PstI restriction enzymes for alpha and beta gene products digestion, respectively. For analysis the genetic diversity of the sub allelic variants of Pvmsp3α and Pvmsp3β genes, Chi-Square test was performed by utilizing Minitab programming software 18. The P value 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. For Pvmsp-3α genes after gel electrophoresis of digested products, four distinct genotypes were obtained from total of 50 samples; type A: 35 (70%) (1.5-2.0 kb), 12 of type B (24%) (1.5-1.7 kb), 2 of type C (4%) (0.5-1.5) and one for type D (2%) (0.5-0.65 kb) which could be characterized into 9 allelic pattern (A1-A4, B1-B3, C1, D), in which A3 remained the most predominant. For Pvmsp-3βgenes, three distinct genotypes were obtained from 50 samples; 40(80%) of type A (1.5-2.5 kb), 9 (18%) of type B (1.0-1.5kb) and 1(2%) of type C (0.65 kb) which could be characterized into 6 allelic patterns (A1-A3, B1-B2, and C1). Most dominant one in Type A was A1 alleles which were noted (46%), while in Type B, the most dominant were B1 (10%).This study is the first ever report of molecular epidemiology and genetic variation in Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3β genes of P. vivax isolates by using PCR/RFLP from District Mardan and showed a remarkable level of genetic diversity in the studied genes of circulating parasites in the study area. The results of this study will contribute in future studies about the genetic structure of parasite and vaccine development against the malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - S G Afridi
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - A U Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Saidu Medical College, Saidu Sharif, Swat, Pakistan
| | - S Shams
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - M A Rahat
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Haris
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A Khan
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Siraj
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
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Shah M, Kausar S, Mian JA, Jabeen H, Ullah N, Rasool A, Akbar F, Israr M, Mehmood SA, Ahmad S, Khan MAA, Muhammad S, Khan W, Bibi S, Sayaf AM, Usman K, Ahmed D. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of Schizothorax plagiostomus at River Swat. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e243633. [PMID: 34076166 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snow trout (Schizothorax plagiostomus) is an economically important freshwater fish, mostly found in northern areas of water reservoirs of Pakistan. The current study was conducted in River Swat to analyze the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, and Zn) in tissues of Schizothorax plagiostomus. Tissues were extracted and dissolved in perchloric acid (HClO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) along with hotplate. The heavy metals, zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni) were determined using Perkin Elmer 2380 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results shows great variation in the content of the metal related to tissue type and sampling sites. A high concentration of bioaccumulation was reported at Charbagh, whereas lowest at Odigram: Charbagh>Landakai>Odigram. In the same way, Cr was the most accumulated heavy metal followed by lead, nickel, and Zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - S Kausar
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - J A Mian
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Women University Mardan, Department of Microbiology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - N Ullah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- University of Swat, Department of Forensics Sciences, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M A A Khan
- University of Peshawar, Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S Muhammad
- University of Swat, Institute of Agricultural Sciences & Forestry, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - S Bibi
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A M Sayaf
- Instituto de Quimica, USP, University in São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Usman
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - D Ahmed
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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Ullah N, Ullah I, Israr M, Rasool A, Akbar F, Ahmad MS, Ahmad S, Mehmood SA, Jabeen H, Saeed K, Khan W, Siraj M, Shah M. Comparative brain analysis of wild and hatchery reared Mahseer (Tor putitora) relative to their body weight and length. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e231509. [PMID: 34076158 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.231509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at comparing the brain size of mahseer (Tor putitora) in relation to their body weight and standard length, to investigate the potential impact of rearing environment on brain development in fish. The weight of the brain and three of its subdivisions cerebellum (CB), optic tectum (OT), and telencephalon (TC) were measured for both wild and hatchery-reared fish. The data was analysed using multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and discriminate function analysis (DFA). We found the fish reared under hatchery conditions exhibit smaller brain size related to body weight, when compared to the wild ones. A significant (p<0.5) difference was observed in the length of CB and OT concerning the standard body length while no significant difference was found in TC of the fish from both the origins. The results of the current study highlight a logical assumption that neural deficiency affects the behaviour of fish, that's why the captive-reared fish show maladaptive response and face fitness decline when released to the natural environment for wild stock enhancement. The current study concluded that hatchery-reared fish exhibit variations in gross brain morphology as compared to their wild counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ullah
- Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - I Ullah
- Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- Department of Forensics Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - K Saeed
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Buner, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - M Siraj
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
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Hussain I, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Salim M, Hussain A, Noureen S, Ahmed D, Israr M, Akbar F, Rasool A, Jabeen H, Saeed K, Alam A, Sanaullah, Usman K, Saeed N, Khan W, Shah M. Systematic analysis of leisler's bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) captured from FATA region, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238337. [PMID: 33978080 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive field surveys were carried out to explore the distribution of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) in selected area of FATA regions, Pakistan. Specimens of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n5) were collected from Kurram Agency (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414) at elevation 1427m and Khyber Agency (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517) at elevation 1091m for two years survey extending from May 2013 through August 2015. The mean head and body length, hind foot length, ear length and tail length the Nyctalus leisleri specimens captured from the study area was 65.08 ± 1.58 mm, 44.06 ± 0.52 mm, 8.38 ± 0.60 mm, 13.20 ± 0.99 mm and 39.46 ± 1.46 mm, respectively. For molecular analysis the sequences of COI gene were obtained and analyzed. The mean intraspecific divergences of Nyctalus leisleri was 0.04%. The mean interspecific divergences of Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri was 0.2%. The mean concentration of each nucleotides was A = (26.3%), T = (32.8%), G = (15.9%) and C = (25.0%). The mean A+T contents were 59.2%and C+G were 40.9%. In the phylogenetic tree Nyctalus leisleri and Nyctalus noctula clustered with significant bootstrap support value.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hussain
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Salim
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Noureen
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - D Ahmed
- University of Haripur, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- University of Swat, Department of Forensic Sciences, Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Women University Mardan, Department of Microbiology, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Saeed
- University of Buner, Department of Zoology, Swari, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Alam
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sanaullah
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Usman
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Saeed
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Science & Fisheries, Saidu Sharif, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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9
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Ullah N, Said A, Israr M, Rasool A, Akbar F, Ahmad S, Mehmood SA, Jabeen H, Islam M, Muhammad S, Noureenh S, Habiba U, Ahmed D, Shah M, Khan MAA, Siraj M. Effect of different protein based feed on the growth of mahseer. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e243670. [PMID: 34161428 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For the proper growth of fish, it is necessary to feed the fish with a proper and balanced diet. A study was conducted to find out the effect of different protein-based diets on fingerlings of Tor putitora (mahseer). A feed with dietary protein levels of 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50% were prepared. The effect of different protein-based feed on weight gain, standard growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), percent weight gain, food conversion efficiency (FCE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) was studied. An increase was observed in the growth rate with an increase in protein concentration up to 45%. The fingerlings fed a 45% protein diet shown the highest growth, followed by 50%, 40%, and 35%. The SGR value was greatest for 45% protein diet (8.56) followed by 50% and 40%, while the least values were observed for 35% protein feed (1.57). The same trend was observed for FCE. The highest PER values was observed in fishes fed 45% protein-based feed (0.65) followed by 50% (0.56), 40% (0.38) and35% (0.17). The food conversion ratio was lowest for 45% protein diet (3.41), while the greatest for 35% protein feed (16.85). It was concluded that a 45% protein-based diet was the best feed formulation for higher production of Tor putitora. However, research on the same percentage of protein diet is recommended for yearlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ullah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - A Said
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- University of Swat, Department of Forensics Sciences, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Women University Mardan, Department of Microbiology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - M Islam
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Genetics, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Muhammad
- University of Swat, Institute of Agricultural Sciences & Forestry, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - S Noureenh
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Ume Habiba
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - D Ahmed
- University of Haripur, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - M A A Khan
- University of Peshawar: Peshawar, Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Pakistan
| | - M Siraj
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Pakistan
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10
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Jabeen H, Rehman M, Bano M. Cross Domain QoS Mapping between WMN and Fixed Topology for End-to-End QoS Guarantee. Informatics 2010. [DOI: 10.2316/p.2010.724-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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