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Feleni U, Sidwaba U, Makelane H, Iwuoha E. Core-Shell Palladium Telluride Quantum Dot-Hemethiolate Cytochrome Based Biosensor for Detecting Indinavir Drug. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019; 19:7974-7981. [PMID: 31196318 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indinavir is a first-generation HIV protease inhibitor anti-retroviral (ARV) drug. Due to interindividual differences in the rate of indinavir metabolism, clinicians and pharmacologists have expressed urgent need for sensor devices that will enable real time determination of appropriate dosage. In this study, an indinavir biosensor was developed by the functionalization of a cysteamine-modified gold (Cyst|Au) electrode with biocompatible core-shell 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA)-capped palladium telluride quantum dot (PdTeQD) and the heme-thiolate cytochrome P450-3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme. The PdTeQD was capped with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) to improve its reactivity, biocompatibility and thermal stability. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies revealed that the 3-MPA-PdTeQD particles formed core-shells with diameters of 4.7 nm. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments confirmed the formation of 3-MPA-PdTeQD by the presence of specific COOH and CH₂ FTIR signature bands. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometric analysis of the quantum dot, exhibited a broad characteristic band at ~320 nm, corresponding to a band gap energy (Eg) value of 3.87 eV, indicating that the QD is a semiconducting material. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) responses of the biosensor (i.e., CYP3A4|3-MPA-PdTeQD|Cyst|Au) indicated that 0.26 V was the suitable potential for measuring indinavir metabolism. The biosensor has a sensitivity, dynamic linear range (DLR) and limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.0218 μA/nM, 0.0004-0.01 nM (i.e., 3×10-7 -7×10-6 mg L-1) and 0.023×10-7 mg L-1, respectively, for indinavir. The LOD value was lower than the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) value (0.13-8.6 mg L-1) of indinavir which is normally measure 8 h after intake. The low DLR value makes the biosensor suitable for application at point-of-care, where indinavir concentration is expected to be in ng L-1 level in physiological samples within a few minutes of the drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usisipho Feleni
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, P. Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Unathi Sidwaba
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, P. Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Hlamulo Makelane
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, P. Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, P. Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
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Makelane H, Waryo T, Feleni U, Iwuoha E. Dendritic copolymer electrode for second harmonic alternating current voltammetric signalling of pyrene in oil-polluted wastewater. Talanta 2019; 196:204-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Makelane H, John SV, Yonkeu ALD, Waryo T, Tovide O, Iwuoha E. Phase Selective Alternating Current Voltammetric Signalling Protocol: Application in Dendritic Co-polymer Sensor for Anthracene. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hlamulo Makelane
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Suru V. John
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Anne L. Djoumessi Yonkeu
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Tesfaye Waryo
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Oluwakemi Tovide
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
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Bilibana MP, Williams AR, Rassie C, Sunday CE, Makelane H, Wilson L, Ntshongontshi N, Jijana AN, Masikini M, Baker PGL, Iwuoha EI. Electrochemical Aptatoxisensor Responses on Nanocomposites Containing Electro-Deposited Silver Nanoparticles on Poly(Propyleneimine) Dendrimer for the Detection of Microcystin-LR in Freshwater. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:E1901. [PMID: 27845719 PMCID: PMC5134560 DOI: 10.3390/s16111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and reagentless electrochemical aptatoxisensor was developed on cobalt (II) salicylaldiimine metallodendrimer (SDD-Co(II)) doped with electro-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for microcystin-LR (L, l-leucine; R, l-arginine), or MC-LR, detection in the nanomolar range. The GCE|SDD-Co(II)|AgNPs aptatoxisensor was fabricated with 5' thiolated aptamer through self-assembly on the modified surface of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the electronic response was measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Specific binding of MC-LR with the aptamer on GCE|SDD-Co(II)|AgNPs aptatoxisensor caused the formation of a complex that resulted in steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion culminating in variation of the corresponding peak current of the electrochemical probe. The aptatoxisensor showed a linear response for MC-LR between 0.1 and 1.1 µg·L-1 and the calculated limit of detection (LOD) was 0.04 µg·L-1. In the detection of MC-LR in water samples, the aptatoxisensor proved to be highly sensitive and stable, performed well in the presence of interfering analog and was comparable to the conventional analytical techniques. The results demonstrate that the constructed MC-LR aptatoxisensor is a suitable device for routine quantification of MC-LR in freshwater and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawethu P Bilibana
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
| | - Avril R Williams
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados.
| | - Candice Rassie
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
| | - Christopher E Sunday
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
| | - Hlamulo Makelane
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
| | - Lindsay Wilson
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
| | - Nomaphelo Ntshongontshi
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
| | - Abongile N Jijana
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
| | - Milua Masikini
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
| | - Priscilla G L Baker
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
| | - Emmanuel I Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
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Tovide O, Jaheed N, Mohamed N, Nxusani E, Sunday CE, Tsegaye A, Ajayi RF, Njomo N, Makelane H, Bilibana M, Baker PG, Williams A, Vilakazi S, Tshikhudo R, Iwuoha EI. Graphenated polyaniline-doped tungsten oxide nanocomposite sensor for real time determination of phenanthrene. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Moses C, Sithole MM, Blankley W, Labadarios D, Makelane H, Nkobole N. The state of innovation in South Africa: Findings from the South African National Innovation Survey. S AFR J SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4102/sajs.v108i7/8.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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