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Yin YC, Yang JT, Luo JD, Lu GX, Huang Z, Wang JP, Li P, Li F, Wu YC, Tian T, Meng YF, Mo HS, Song YH, Yang JN, Feng LZ, Ma T, Wen W, Gong K, Wang LJ, Ju HX, Xiao Y, Li Z, Tao X, Yao HB. A LaCl 3-based lithium superionic conductor compatible with lithium metal. Nature 2023; 616:77-83. [PMID: 37020008 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic superionic conductors possess high ionic conductivity and excellent thermal stability but their poor interfacial compatibility with lithium metal electrodes precludes application in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries1,2. Here we report a LaCl3-based lithium superionic conductor possessing excellent interfacial compatibility with lithium metal electrodes. In contrast to a Li3MCl6 (M = Y, In, Sc and Ho) electrolyte lattice3-6, the UCl3-type LaCl3 lattice has large, one-dimensional channels for rapid Li+ conduction, interconnected by La vacancies via Ta doping and resulting in a three-dimensional Li+ migration network. The optimized Li0.388Ta0.238La0.475Cl3 electrolyte exhibits Li+ conductivity of 3.02 mS cm-1 at 30 °C and a low activation energy of 0.197 eV. It also generates a gradient interfacial passivation layer to stabilize the Li metal electrode for long-term cycling of a Li-Li symmetric cell (1 mAh cm-2) for more than 5,000 h. When directly coupled with an uncoated LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode and bare Li metal anode, the Li0.388Ta0.238La0.475Cl3 electrolyte enables a solid battery to run for more than 100 cycles with a cutoff voltage of 4.35 V and areal capacity of more than 1 mAh cm-2. We also demonstrate rapid Li+ conduction in lanthanide metal chlorides (LnCl3; Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm and Gd), suggesting that the LnCl3 solid electrolyte system could provide further developments in conductivity and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Tian Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Da Luo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gong-Xun Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongyuan Huang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pai Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ye-Chao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Engineering Research, Hefei Gotion High-Tech Co. Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Te Tian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Feng Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Mo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Hui Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Nan Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Zhe Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Synchroton Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Jun Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huan-Xin Ju
- PHI China Analytical Laboratory, CoreTech Integrated Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinguo Xiao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Xinyong Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hong-Bin Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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