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Lee J, Lee D, Ihm H, Kang HS, Yu H, Yoon J, Jang Y, Kim Y, Lee CW, Lee H, Baek JH, Ha TH, Park J, Myung W. Network structure of symptomatology of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients with mood disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01719-2. [PMID: 38055014 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with mood disorders commonly manifest comorbid psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have evaluated ADHD symptoms in this population. The current study aimed to explore the network structure of ADHD symptomology and identify central symptoms in patients with mood disorders. The Korean version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was used to assess the overall ADHD symptoms in 1,086 individuals diagnosed with mood disorders (major depressive disorder [n = 373], bipolar I disorder [n = 314], and bipolar II disorder [n = 399]). We used exploratory graph analysis to detect the number of communities, and the network structure was analyzed using regularized partial correlation models. We identified the central ADHD symptom using centrality indices. Network comparison tests were conducted with different subgroups of patients with mood disorders, including three mood diagnosis groups, between the patients who met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD [ADHD-suspected, n = 259] in their self-report and the others [ADHD-non-suspected, n = 827], and groups with high [n = 503] versus low [n = 252] levels of depressive state. The network analysis detected four communities: disorganization, agitation/restlessness, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and inattention. The centrality indices indicated that "feeling restless" was the core ADHD symptom. The result was replicated in the subgroup analyses within our clinically diverse population of mood disorders, encompassing three presentations: Patients with suspected ADHD, patients without suspected ADHD, and patients with a high depressive state. Our findings reveal that "feeling restless" is the central ADHD symptom. The treatment intervention for "feeling restless" may thus play a pivotal role in tackling ADHD symptoms in adult patients with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - HongKyu Ihm
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Buk Gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeona Yu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjun Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkyu Park
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Buk Gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Paek K, Ihm H, Yun S, Lee HC, No KT. Molecular engineering. 8. Kinetic and conformational studies of resorcin [4]arene-based C4 tetraoxatetrathiahemicarceplexes: carceroisomerism and twistomerism. J Org Chem 2001; 66:5736-43. [PMID: 11511247 DOI: 10.1021/jo015594i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New C(4v) tetraoxatetrathiahemicarcerands and their six hemicarceplexes containing DMF, DMA, DMSO, or NMP were synthesized and characterized. Their conformations, kinetic properties, carceroisomerism, and twistomerism were studied by VT, 2D COSY, NOESY, and ROESY (1)H NMR experiments. The decomplexation rates of DMF or DMA were very slow with high activation energy barriers (73 and 104 kJ mol(-1), respectively) and the complexed guests feel more constriction than their free liquid state. The largest isomerization energy barrier of carceroisomers was 15.4 kcal mol(-1), and the isomerization energy barriers of twistomers are significantly larger than those of carceroisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paek
- Molecular Engineering Research Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. B. Scoggins
- Center for Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H. Ihm
- Center for Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Y. M. Sun
- Center for Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - J. M. White
- Center for Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Sloan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Y.-M. Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H. Ihm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - J. M. White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
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