Four-probe electrical-transport measurements on single indium tin oxide nanowires between 1.5 and 300 K

Single-crystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) nanowires (NWs) were grown by the standard thermal evaporation method. The as-grown NWs were typically 100-300 nm in diameter and a few microm long. Four-probe submicron Ti/Au electrodes on individual NWs were fabricated by the electron-beam lithography technique. The resistivities of several single NWs have been measured from 300 down to 1.5 K. The results indicate that the as-grown ITO NWs are metallic, but disordered. The overall temperature behavior of resistivity can be described by the Bloch-Grüneisen law plus a low-temperature correction due to the scattering of electrons off dynamic point defects. This observation suggests the existence of numerous dynamic point defects in as-grown ITO NWs.

Effect of nitroblue tetrazolium concentration on the fructosamine assay for quantifying glycated protein

Experiments with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) at 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mmol/L confirmed that reactivity of 1-deoxy-1-morpholino-D-fructose, the standard, was more sensitive to reagent concentration than was protein ketoamine and demonstrated why an increase in NBT or a decrease in sample volume yields lower values for serum fructosamine. Analyses of clinical samples from diabetic and nondiabetic patients and from healthy subjects indicated that, with NBT at 0.25 mmol/L, discrimination between diabetics and other subjects was improved by changing the sample:reagent volume ratio from the usual 1:10 to 1:25 (9- to 12-min reading time). Discrimination improved further with NBT at 0.75 mmol/L and a 1:25 ratio but a later reading time (18-21 min); these conditions may minimize the effects of some but not all interferents.

Effect of nitroblue tetrazolium concentration on the fructosamine assay for quantifying glycated protein

Experiments with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) at 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mmol/L confirmed that reactivity of 1-deoxy-1-morpholino-D-fructose, the standard, was more sensitive to reagent concentration than was protein ketoamine and demonstrated why an increase in NBT or a decrease in sample volume yields lower values for serum fructosamine. Analyses of clinical samples from diabetic and nondiabetic patients and from healthy subjects indicated that, with NBT at 0.25 mmol/L, discrimination between diabetics and other subjects was improved by changing the sample:reagent volume ratio from the usual 1:10 to 1:25 (9- to 12-min reading time). Discrimination improved further with NBT at 0.75 mmol/L and a 1:25 ratio but a later reading time (18-21 min); these conditions may minimize the effects of some but not all interferents.