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Lee YW, Choi HM, Oh SY, Lee EJ, Pyo KH, Kim JH, Byeon Y, Heo SG, Lim SM, Hong MH, Kim CG, Kim HR, Yun MR, Cho BC. Abstract LB544: Targeting adaptive metabolic program as a novel treatment approach for TKIs-failed ALK-positive NSCLCs. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-lb544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Acquired resistance to ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) treatment, particularly target-off resistance, remains a clinical challenge for ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To explore novel vulnerabilities of ALK TKI-resistant cancer cells, we focused on their distinct metabolic pathways for growth and survival.
Experimental Design: To investigate metabolic pathways in resistance mechanisms, we generated ALK-TKIs -acquired-resistant in vitro/vivo models. We screened metabolite mechanisms using metabolite assay kit, Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer, real-time PCR, western blot, RNA-seq in resistant models.
Results: Through an integrated transcriptomic and metabolic assay screening approach, we identified the enhanced reliance on glutamine metabolism in target-off ALK-TKIs-resistant cells. Specifically, resistant cells were characterized by upregulation of glutaminase 1 (GLS1), a mitochondrial enzyme hydrolyzing glutamine into glutamate, simultaneously with downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We demonstrated that this metabolic state intensively accelerates glutaminolysis and subsequent mitochondrial glutamine-derived aspartate synthesis, resulting in TKI resistance by reinforcing antioxidant capacity with increase of NADPH and glutathione. Mechanistically, GLS1 inhibition elicited a marked reduction of cell growth with increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in resistant cells, which was restored by supplementation of exogenous aspartate. The antitumor activity of GLS1 inhibition against resistant tumor cells was further validated in in vivo experiments, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and EML4-ALK transgenic mice. More importantly, glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-L1 treatment in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-resistant EML4-ALK transgenic mice.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight a new metabolic vulnerability of ALK-TKIs resistant tumors and provide a rationale for targeting GLS1 as a potential treatment option to overcome ALK-TKIs resistance.
Citation Format: You Won Lee, Hun Mi Choi, Seung Yeon Oh, Eun Ji Lee, Kyoung-Ho Pyo, Jae Hwan Kim, Youngseon Byeon, Seong Gu Heo, Sun Min Lim, Min Hee Hong, Chang Gon Kim, Hye Ryun Kim, Mi Ran Yun, Byoung Chul Cho. Targeting adaptive metabolic program as a novel treatment approach for TKIs-failed ALK-positive NSCLCs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB544.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Won Lee
- 1Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Mi Choi
- 1Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Oh
- 1Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- 1Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- 1Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- 1Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseon Byeon
- 1Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gu Heo
- 1Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- 2Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- 2Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gon Kim
- 2Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- 2Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Yun
- 1Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- 2Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yun MR, Kim DH, Kim SY, Joo HS, Lee YW, Choi HM, Park CW, Heo SG, Kang HN, Lee SS, Schoenfeld AJ, Drilon A, Kang SG, Shim HS, Hong MH, Cui JJ, Kim HR, Cho BC. Repotrectinib Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity in Treatment-Naïve and Solvent-Front-Mutant ROS1-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3287-3295. [PMID: 32269053 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although first-line crizotinib treatment leads to clinical benefit in ROS1+ lung cancer, high prevalence of crizotinib-resistant ROS1-G2032R (ROS1G2032R) mutation and progression in the central nervous system (CNS) represents a therapeutic challenge. Here, we investigated the antitumor activity of repotrectinib, a novel next-generation ROS1/TRK/ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in ROS1+ patient-derived preclinical models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Antitumor activity of repotrectinib was evaluated in ROS1+ patient-derived preclinical models including treatment-naïve and ROS1G2032R models and was further demonstrated in patients enrolled in an on-going phase I/II clinical trial (NCT03093116). Intracranial antitumor activity of repotrectinib was evaluated in a brain-metastasis mouse model. RESULTS Repotrectinib potently inhibited in vitro and in vivo tumor growth and ROS1 downstream signal in treatment-naïve YU1078 compared with clinically available crizotinib, ceritinib, and entrectinib. Despite comparable tumor regression between repotrectinib and lorlatinib in YU1078-derived xenograft model, repotrectinib markedly delayed the onset of tumor recurrence following drug withdrawal. Moreover, repotrectinib induced profound antitumor activity in the CNS with efficient blood-brain barrier penetrating properties. Notably, repotrectinib showed selective and potent in vitro and in vivo activity against ROS1G2032R. These findings were supported by systemic and intracranial activity of repotrectinib observed in patients enrolled in the on-going clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS Repotrectinib is a novel next-generation ROS1-TKI with improved potency and selectivity against treatment-naïve and ROS1G2032R with efficient CNS penetration. Our findings suggest that repotrectinib can be effective both as first-line and after progression to prior ROS1-TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Yun
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Korea. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hwi Kim
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - Seok-Young Kim
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Seok Joo
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - You Won Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun Mi Choi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Won Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Gu Heo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Na Kang
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sook Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Adam J Schoenfeld
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Drilon
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Jean Cui
- TP Therapeutics, Inc. Department of Chemistry, San Diego, California
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Korea. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yun MR, Choi HM, Lee YW, Joo HS, Park CW, Choi JW, Kim DH, Kang HN, Pyo KH, Shin EJ, Shim HS, Soo RA, Yang JCH, Lee SS, Chang H, Kim MH, Hong MH, Kim HR, Cho BC. Targeting YAP to overcome acquired resistance to ALK inhibitors in ALK-rearranged lung cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10581. [PMID: 31633304 PMCID: PMC6895608 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical benefit of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK‐TKIs) in ALK‐rearranged lung cancer has been limited by the inevitable development of acquired resistance, and bypass‐molecular resistance mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated a novel therapeutic target through screening FDA‐approved drugs in ALK‐TKI‐resistant models. Cerivastatin, the rate‐limiting enzyme inhibitor of the mevalonate pathway, showed anti‐cancer activity against ALK‐TKI resistance in vitro/in vivo, accompanied by cytoplasmic retention and subsequent inactivation of transcriptional co‐regulator YAP. The marked induction of YAP‐targeted oncogenes (EGFR, AXL, CYR61, and TGFβR2) in resistant cells was abolished by cerivastatin. YAP silencing suppressed tumor growth in resistant cells, patient‐derived xenografts, and EML4‐ALK transgenic mice, whereas YAP overexpression decreased the responsiveness of parental cells to ALK inhibitor. In matched patient samples before/after ALK inhibitor treatment, nuclear accumulation of YAP was mainly detected in post‐treatment samples. High expression of YAP in pretreatment samples was correlated with poor response to ALK‐TKIs. Our findings highlight a crucial role of YAP in ALK‐TKI resistance and provide a rationale for targeting YAP as a potential treatment option for ALK‐rearranged patients with acquired resistance to ALK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Yun
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun Mi Choi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Won Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Seok Joo
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Korea
| | - Chae Won Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hwi Kim
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Korea
| | - Han Na Kang
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ross A Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Chih-Hsin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung Sook Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Chang
- International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kang HN, Choi JW, Shim HS, Kim J, Kim DJ, Lee CY, Hong MH, Park SY, Park AY, Shin EJ, Lee SY, Pyo KH, Yun MR, Choi HM, Lee SS, Kim SY, Lee H, Paik S, Cho BC, Lee JG, Kim HR. Establishment of a platform of non-small-cell lung cancer patient-derived xenografts with clinical and genomic annotation. Lung Cancer 2018; 124:168-178. [PMID: 30268457 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical models that can better predict therapeutic activity in clinical trials are needed in this era of personalized cancer treatment. Herein, we established genomically and clinically annotated patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and investigated whether these PDXs would faithfully recapitulate patient responses to targeted therapy. METHODS Patient-derived tumors were implanted in immunodeficient mice and subsequently expanded via re-implantation. Established PDXs were examined by light microscopy, genomic profiling, and in vivo drug testing, and the successful engraft rate was analyzed with the mutation profile, histology, or acquisition method. Finally, the drug responses of PDXs were compared with the clinical responses of the respective patients. RESULTS Using samples from 122 patients, we established 41 NSCLC PDXs [30 adenocarcinoma (AD), 11 squamous cell carcinoma (SQ)], among which the following driver mutation were observed: 13 EGFR-mutant, 4 ALK-rearrangement, 1 ROS1-rearrangement, 1 PIK3CA-mutant, 1 FGFR1-amplification, and 2 KRAS-mutant. We rigorously characterized the relationship of clinical features to engraftment rate and latency rates. The engraft rates were comparable across histologic type. The AD engraft rate tended to be higher for surgically resected tissues relative to biopsies, whereas similar engraft rates was observed for SQ, irrespective of the acquisition method. Notably, EGFR-mutants demonstrated significantly longer latency time than EGFR-WT (86 vs. 37days, P = 0.007). The clinical responses were recapitulated by PDXs harboring driver gene alteration (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, or FGFR1) which regressed to their target inhibitors, suggesting that established PDXs comprise a clinically relevant platform. CONCLUSION The establishment of genetically and clinically annotated NSCLC PDXs can yield a robust preclinical tool for biomarker, therapeutic target, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Na Kang
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Choi
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinna Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Young Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yong Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Park
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Shin
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yoon Lee
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Yun
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Mi Choi
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sook Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Young Kim
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonmyung Paik
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Gu Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yun MR, Lim SM, Kim SK, Choi HM, Pyo KH, Kim SK, Lee JM, Lee YW, Choi JW, Kim HR, Hong MH, Haam K, Huh N, Kim JH, Kim YS, Shim HS, Soo RA, Shih JY, Yang JCH, Kim M, Cho BC. Enhancer Remodeling and MicroRNA Alterations Are Associated with Acquired Resistance to ALK Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3350-3362. [PMID: 29669761 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors are highly effective in patients with ALK fusion-positive lung cancer, but acquired resistance invariably emerges. Identification of secondary mutations has received considerable attention, but most cases cannot be explained by genetic causes alone, raising the possibility of epigenetic mechanisms in acquired drug resistance. Here, we investigated the dynamic changes in the transcriptome and enhancer landscape during development of acquired resistance to ALK inhibitors. Histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) was profoundly altered during acquisition of resistance, and enhancer remodeling induced expression changes in both miRNAs and mRNAs. Decreased H3K27ac levels and reduced miR-34a expression associated with the activation of target genes such as AXL. Panobinostat, a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, altered the H3K27ac profile and activated tumor-suppressor miRNAs such as miR-449, another member of the miR-34 family, and synergistically induced antiproliferative effects with ALK inhibitors on resistant cells, xenografts, and EML4-ALK transgenic mice. Paired analysis of patient samples before and after treatment with ALK inhibitors revealed that repression of miR-34a or miR-449a and activation of AXL were mutually exclusive of secondary mutations in ALK. Our findings indicate that enhancer remodeling and altered expression of miRNAs play key roles in cancer drug resistance and suggest that strategies targeting epigenetic pathways represent a potentially effective method for overcoming acquired resistance to cancer therapy.Significance: Epigenetic deregulation drives acquired resistance to ALK inhibitors in ALK-positive lung cancer. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3350-62. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Yun
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hun Mi Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keeok Haam
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Nanhyung Huh
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ross Andrew Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Chih-Hsin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University; and Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mirang Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea. .,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yun MR, Choi HM, Kang HN, Lee Y, Joo HS, Kim DH, Kim HR, Hong MH, Yoon SO, Cho BC. ERK-dependent IL-6 autocrine signaling mediates adaptive resistance to pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 37:377-388. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kim SY, Kim H, Kim SM, Kim HR, Yun MR, Lee JM, Choi HM, Cho BC. Abstract 3835: High-purity patient-derived cells: An advanced cell culture model for precision cancer medicine. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Patient-derived cells (PDCs) established from malignant effusions can represent an excellent tool for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with oncogenic driver mutations. However, because of cellular paucity and low tumor purity, PDCs have a limited utility for in-depth molecular analysis. In this study, we developed a high-purity patient-derived cell (HP-PDC) method for primary culture of malignant effusions.
Experimental design: HP-PDCs were established by a multistep tumor cell isolation protocol as follows. 1) Initial cultures of malignant effusions were observed under a light microscope to identify spheroid-forming cells. 2) Tumor purity of PDCs was analyzed by Immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry. 3) Mutation status of EGFR or ALK in PDCs was screened by direct or PCR-based sequencing and RT-PCR and then was compared with driver mutations detected in matching patient tumor samples. 4) HP-PDCs were tested for drug efficacies by a cell viability assay, a colony-forming assay, and western blot. 5) HP-PDCs were screened with a panel of 84 kinase inhibitors to identify effective drugs.
Results: A consecutive series of 45 malignant effusion samples was collected from 36 patients with advanced NSCLC. Spheroid-forming cells were detected in 19 samples (42.2%) which were cultured in AR5 media to establish PDCs. IF analysis revealed that TTF-1 was upregulated in 9 PDCs. These 9 PDCs with high TTF-1 expression also showed EpCAM-positive cell population in flow cytometry with high purity of over 70%. Using Sanger sequencing, EGFR exon 19 deletion was detected 3 cases, EGFR T790M with L858R in 2 cases, and ALK rearrangements in 4 cases. Two of PDCs established from patients, who carried EGFR mutations and progressed on gefitinib, showed resistance to gefitinib in vitro. One of gefitinib-resistant PDCs was sensitive to AZD9291 with IC50 value of 47 nM. Three of PDCs established from patients, who carried ALK fusion genes and progressed on ALK inhibitors (crizotinib, alectinib, and ceritinib respectively), also recapitulated patient’s response to the ALK inhibitors. In an alectinib-resistant PDC, crizotinib and ceritinib exhibited potency with IC50 values of 321 nM and 215 nM, respectively. Colony-forming assay and western blot results were correlated with the cell viability assay data. Time spent for establishment of HP-PDCs ranged from 26 days to 132 days.
Conclusions: Nine HP-PDCs established by multistep tumor cell isolation protocol had high tumor purity, and recapitulated patient’s genomic profile and drug responses. HP-PDC is a powerful preclinical model which predicts responses to targeted drugs in a short period of time and may provide an excellent platform for personalized therapies in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Citation Format: Seok-Young Kim, Hwan Kim, Sung-Moo Kim, Hye Ryun Kim, Mi Ran Yun, Ji Min Lee, Hun Mi Choi, Byoung Chul Cho. High-purity patient-derived cells: An advanced cell culture model for precision cancer medicine [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3835. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3835
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Young Kim
- 1Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, JE-UK Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Kim
- 1Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, JE-UK Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Moo Kim
- 1Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, JE-UK Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Yun
- 1Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, JE-UK Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- 1Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, JE-UK Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Mi Choi
- 1Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, JE-UK Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SM, Kim H, Yun MR, Kang HN, Pyo KH, Park HJ, Lee JM, Choi HM, Ellinghaus P, Ocker M, Paik S, Kim HR, Cho BC. Activation of the Met kinase confers acquired drug resistance in FGFR-targeted lung cancer therapy. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e241. [PMID: 27429073 PMCID: PMC5399172 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activation/expression is a common feature in lung cancer (LC). In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of and the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to two potent selective FGFR inhibitors, AZD4547 and BAY116387, in LC cell lines. The antitumor activity of AZD4547 and BAY1163877 was screened in 24 LC cell lines, including 5 with FGFR1 amplification. Two cell lines containing FGFR1 amplifications, H1581 and DMS114, were sensitive to FGFR inhibitors (IC50<250 nm). Clones of FGFR1-amplified H1581 cells resistant to AZD4547 or BAY116387 (H1581AR and H1581BR cells, respectively) were established. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) array and immunoblotting analyses showed strong overexpression and activation of Met in H1581AR/BR cells, compared with that in the parental cells. Gene set enrichment analysis against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database showed that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways were significantly enriched in H1581AR/BR cells, with Met contributing significantly to the core enrichment. Genomic DNA quantitative PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses showed MET amplification in H1581AR, but not in H1581BR, cells. Met amplification drives acquired resistance to AZD4547 in H1581AR cells by activating ErbB3. Combination treatment with FGFR inhibitors and an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/Met inhibitor, crizotinib, or Met-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) synergistically inhibited cell proliferation in both H1581AR and H1581BR cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of Met in H1581 cells conferred resistance to AZD4547 and BAY1163877. Acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitors not only altered cellular morphology, but also promoted migration and invasion of resistant clones, in part by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, our data suggest that Met activation is sufficient to bypass dependency on FGFR signaling. Concurrent inhibition of the Met and FGFR pathways may have synergistic clinical benefits when targeting FGFR-dependent LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Kim
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H Kim
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - M R Yun
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H N Kang
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - K-H Pyo
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H J Park
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - J M Lee
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H M Choi
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - P Ellinghaus
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Ocker
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Paik
- Division of Pathology NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H R Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B C Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zun KH, Choi HM. Multiple myeloma presenting as vertebral compression during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 100:89-90. [PMID: 17825829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2007] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K H Zun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Abstract
This paper deals with interaction between a bubble and fluid around it, visualized by a moving object flow image analyzer (MOFIA) consisting of a three-dimensional (3D) moving object image analyzer (MOIA) and two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV). The experiments were carried out for rising bubbles of various sizes and shapes in stagnant water in a vertical pipe. In the MOFIA employed, 3D-MOIA was used to measure bubble motion and PIV to measure fluid flow. The 3D position and shape of a bubble and the velocity field were measured simultaneously. The experimental results showed that the interaction was characterized by the shape, size and density of a bubble. Concretely, they showed the characteristics of bubble motion, wake shedding, and flow field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Choi
- Institute of Engineering Mechanics and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
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11
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Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is a very complex process in which whole-cell changes are accompanied. Among them, type I procollagen gene has been shown to specifically decrease during adipocyte differentiation; however, little is known about the molecular mechanism. To examine how type I procollagen gene expression is regulated at the level of transcription during adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line was used as an in vitro model. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that mRNA expression of type I procollagen gene was dramatically reduced during adipocyte differentiation. Time-course analysis indicated that decrease in mRNA expression occurred at early stage of differentiation. Studies on several stable cell lines showed that transcriptional activities of both alpha1 and alpha2 promoters decreased significantly during adipocyte differentiation. Despite extensive deletion-promoter analyses, however, we could not identify the cis-element responsible for the switch-off of type I procollagen gene during adipocyte differentiation, suggesting that the transcriptional repression of this gene occur through general transcription machinery rather than a specific cis-element. In conclusion, down-regulation of type I procollagen mRNA expression during adipocyte differentiation is due to repression of its promoter activity through general transcription machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea
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12
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Heo MS, Lee SC, Lee SS, Choi HM, Choi SC, Park TW. Quantitative analysis of normal major salivary glands using computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 92:240-4. [PMID: 11505274 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to calculate the size and the computed tomography (CT) number of normal parotid and submandibular glands and to evaluate their relationship with respect to sex, age, and obesity in the Korean population. STUDY DESIGN The authors investigated the axial CT images of 42 healthy volunteers. The maximum cross-sectional area (MCSA) was used as an indicator of the size of the gland. Three regions of interest on axial scans were selected to calculate the mean CT number. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the mean MCSA of the submandibular gland and the CT number of both glands with age. The MCSA of the submandibular gland in males was larger than that in females. There was a close correlation between the parotid and the submandibular glands with respect to the CT number, as well as between the left and right glands with respect to the MCSA and the CT number. The body mass index was positively correlated with the MCSA of the parotid gland, whereas the body mass indexes and the CT numbers of both glands were negatively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Both age and obesity are closely correlated with the size and the CT number of the major salivary glands. Moreover, the correlation between the CT numbers of the parotid and the submandibular glands may be used for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Heo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Korea
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13
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Heo MS, Lee SS, Lee KH, Choi HM, Choi SC, Park TW. Quantitative analysis of apical root resorption by means of digital subtraction radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 91:369-73. [PMID: 11250638 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to assess the diagnostic and quantifying ability of digital subtraction images for simulated apical root resorption, as well as to compare the diagnostic accuracy of conventional intraoral radiographs with digital subtraction images for this condition. STUDY DESIGN Digital and intraoral radiographs of 10 sound maxillary central incisors and those with simulated apical root resorption were taken with varying horizontal and vertical angulations of the x-ray beam. Paired t tests were used to compare the lengths of the sound teeth on the images with their actual lengths, and the estimated amount of simulated apical root resorption was compared with the actual amount of tooth loss by means of Emago software. The diagnostic accuracy for detecting lesions was also evaluated on conventional intraoral radiographs and digital subtraction images through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the actual lengths and those measured on the reconstructed images of the sound teeth. The calculated amounts of apical root resorption showed no statistically significant differences in comparison with the actual amounts (P >.05). The diagnostic accuracy of the conventional intraoral radiographs in detecting the lesions was low (ROC area = 0.6446). CONCLUSION A quantitative analysis of small amounts of apical root resorption can be performed by means of digital subtraction radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Heo
- Seoul National University, College of Dentistry, Korea
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Park YW, Cho JS, Choi HM, Kim TY, Lee SH, Yu JK, Kim JW. Clinical significance of early diastolic notch depth: uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in the third trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182:1204-9. [PMID: 10819859 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2000.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of early diastolic notch depth in predicting adverse perinatal outcome. STUDY DESIGN Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry is widely applied in predicting pregnancy outcomes. Recent studies of uterine artery early diastolic notch have demonstrated its usefulness as a marker for fetal well-being. The early diastolic notch represents the reflected blood flow of uteroplacental circulation. This study was carried out under the hypothesis that when early diastolic notch is present evaluating its depth plays a significant role in predicting poor pregnancy outcomes. Its ability to predict adverse perinatal outcomes was evaluated in 198 pregnant women with early diastolic notch after 28 weeks' gestation. RESULTS The incidence of adverse perinatal outcome (5-minute Apgar score <7, cesarean delivery because of fetal distress, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, fetal growth restriction, or perinatal death) was 90.5% when the notch index was </=0.70. When the notch index range was 0.70 to 0.79, 0.80 to 0.89, and >/=0.90, the respective incidences were 72.3%, 46. 9%, and 28.1%. CONCLUSION This study suggests that evaluating notch depth in the presence of early diastolic notch on uterine artery velocimetry during the third trimester would be a useful method for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Choi HM, Chung KH. Growth of kerosene-biodegrading microorganisms in the presence of alpha-amino acid. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1999; 63:782-788. [PMID: 10594153 DOI: 10.1007/s001289901047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H M Choi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 156-743, Korea, and College of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
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Abstract
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of alpha-interferon(IFN-alpha) plus cis-platinum in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). 56 inoperable patients with HCC were divided into IFN-alpha plus cis-platinum treated group (n = 30) and no antitumor therapy group (n = 26). The survival of IFN-alpha plus cis-platinum treated patients was significantly better than that of patients who received no antitumor therapy (p = 0.001). Median survival time was 33 weeks and 14.0 weeks, respectively. The cumulative estimated survival rates of our IFN-alpha plus cis-platinum treated group (93.5% at 3mo, 75.0% at 6mo) were for longer than that of the no antitumor therapy group (84.6% at 3mo, 57.7% at 6mo). Objective tumor regression, greater than 50% was observed in 13.3% (4 of 30) of patients receiving IFN-alpha plus cis-platinum. By the univariate analysis, the absence of portal vein thrombus (p < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase lesser than 280 U/L (p = 0.001), total bilirubin less than 2.0 mg% (p < 0.05), serum triglyceride less than 155 mg/dl (p < 0.05) were shown to be the factors most significantly favoring a better survival. By the multivariate analysis, using Cox proportional hazards model, IFN-alpha plus cis-platinum treated group (p = 0.0001), alkaline phosphatase less than 280 mg/dl (p = 0.005), the absence of portal vein thrombus (p = 0.020) were independent favorable prognostic factors. We conclude that IFN-alpha plus cis-platinum is useful in patients with inoperable HCC and the above favorable prognostic factors may also be useful in the design and analysis of future clinical trials of systemic chemotherapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin Medical College, Pusan, Korea
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17
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Choi HM, Moreau JP. Oil sorption behavior of various sorbents studied by sorption capacity measurement and environmental scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 1993; 25:447-55. [PMID: 8400439 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1070250516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oil sorption capacities of various natural and man-made fibrous sorbents were compared in a simulated seawater bath containing oil. Natural sorbents such as milkweed, kapok, cotton, and wool showed higher sorption capacities than man-made sorbents such as polyester, polypropylene, viscose rayon, nylon 6, nylon 66, and acetate. Sorption capacities of the natural sorbents were over 30 g oil/g fiber. No definite advantages were observed using man-made bicomponent and biconstituent fibers over regular man-made fibers with respect to their sorption capacity. Analyses of sorption mechanisms using an environmental scanning electron microscope revealed that an oil deposit disappeared from the fiber surface after a certain time interval in milkweed, kapok, and cotton. This suggested that the sorption of oil in these fibers occurred through capillary action, probably due to their hollow lumens. Contrarily, adsorption, a surface phenomenon, would be the most prominent mechanism for oil sorption of wool fibers due to large amounts of surface wax, irregular scaly surfaces, and crimp. Effects of both adsorption and absorption were shown in the oil sorption of man-made fibers, depending upon the type and shape of the sorbent. Dumbbell-like oil deposits were seen on the fiber surface in certain oleophilic man-made fibers, because of a partial wetting of oil on the fiber surface. For some hydrophilic man-made fibers such as polyvinylalcohol and copolymer of isobutylene-maleic anhydride, the physical configuration of the fiber was a decisive factor in determining oil sorpton capacity of the sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Choi
- Department of Clothing, Textiles, and Interior Design, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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Abstract
A 65-year-old male patient presented multiple cutaneous nodules on trunk and an erythematous inflammatory lesion resembling erysipelas on left side of neck. Result of skin biopsies disclosed groups of metastatic adenocarcinoma cells in the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and lumina of the lymphatic vessels. Histopathologic examination of the stomach, along with the gastroscope, established that the cutaneous metastasis was of stomach origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womens' University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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