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Cheng FJ, Ho CY, Li TS, Chen Y, Yeh YL, Wei YL, Huynh TK, Chen BR, Ko HY, Hsueh CS, Tan M, Wu YC, Huang HC, Tang CH, Chen CH, Tu CY, Huang WC. Umbelliferone and eriodictyol suppress the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:118. [PMID: 37381062 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia argyi (A. argyi), also called Chinese mugwort, has been widely used to control pandemic diseases for thousands of years since ancient China due to its anti-microbial infection, anti-allergy, and anti-inflammation activities. Therefore, the potential of A. argyi and its constituents in reducing the infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was investigated in this study. RESULTS Among the phytochemicals in A. argyi, eriodictyol and umbelliferone were identified to target transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins, the essential factors for the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2, in both FRET-based enzymatic assays and molecular docking analyses. These two ingredients of A. argyi suppressed the infection of ACE2-expressed HEK-293 T cells with lentiviral-based pseudo-particles (Vpp) expressing wild-type and variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (SARS-CoV-2 S-Vpp) via interrupting the interaction between S protein and cellular receptor ACE2 and reducing the expressions of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Oral administration with umbelliferone efficiently prevented the SARS-CoV-2 S-Vpp-induced inflammation in the lung tissues of BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS Eriodictyol and umbelliferone, the phytochemicals of Artemisia argyi, potentially suppress the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 by preventing the protein binding activity of the S protein to ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ju Cheng
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Ho
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Family Medicine, Physical Examination Center, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, 302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, 302, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, and Innovation Research Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Yeh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Wei
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Thanh Kieu Huynh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Rong Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Ko
- Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chen-Si Hsueh
- Taichung Girls' Senior High School, Taichung, 403, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Tu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, 302, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Ko HY, Lin YH, Shih CJ, Chen YL. Determination of phenylenediamines in hair colors derivatizated with 5-(4, 6-dichlorotriazinyl)aminofluorescein via micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:825-831. [PMID: 31324298 PMCID: PMC9307028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylenediamines (PDs), which are reported to cause allergic dermatitis and possess genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, are the ingredients used in permanent hair dyes. The fluorescent derivatization strategy coupled with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) were established to analyze four PDs, including o-phenylenediamine (OPD), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD). Additionally, 5-(4, 6-dichlorotriazinyl) aminofluorescein (DTAF) was used as a fluorescent reagent derived at amino groups of PDs and underwent nucleophilic substitution reaction to improve the detection sensitivity. The derivatization condition reacted at 90 °C for 10 min in alkaline conditions. The optimized separation conditions were 20 mM borate (pH 8.0) containing 10 mM Brij 35 and 35% (v/v) methanol. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) for MPD, PTD, PPD and OPD were 25, 25, 50 and 100 nM, respectively. Compared to MEKC-UV, the sensitivity enhancements were 30- to 81-fold when PDs were derived with DTAF. The high-sensitivity MEKC-LIF method was successfully established and applied to determine PDs in commercial hair colors for quality control and in real hair samples for evaluating the location of PDs in dyed hair samples, as well as in percutaneous absorption samples for evaluating the ability of PDs to penetrate skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Ko
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Shih
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Kim SK, Chung JH, Park HJ, Kang SW, Lim DJ, Byun SH, Baek DG, Ko HY, Lew BL, Baik HH, Sim WY. Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes contribute to increased risk of alopecia areata in the Korean population. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:9667-74. [PMID: 26345899 DOI: 10.4238/2015.august.14.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common disease, which causes hair loss in humans. AA has a genetically complex inheritance. This study investigated the possible correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha) (CXCL1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) genes and the development of AA in the Korean population. Two hundred and thirty-five AA patients and 240 control subjects were recruited. The specific SNPs occurring in the promoter regions of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes (rs3117604, -429C/T and rs3806792, -264T/C, respectively) were genotyped. All data obtained was evaluated using the SNPStats, SPSS 18.0, and the Haploview v.4.2 software platforms. The Odd's ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P values were calculated using multiple logistic regression models. Analyses of the genetic sequences obtained revealed a significant correlation between the two SNPs and the development of AA (rs3117604, P = 0.0009 in co-dominant model 1, P = 0.01 in co-dominant model 2, P = 0.004 in the dominant model, P = 0.005 in the log-additive model, P = 0.012 in allele distribution; rs3806792, P = 0.036 in co-dominant model 2, P = 0.0046 in the log-additive model). The TT and CC haplotypes were also observed to show a significant association with increased risk of AA (TT haplotype, P = 0.0018; CC haplotype, P = 0.0349). Our data suggests that the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes may be associated with AA susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Chung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Kang
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-J Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Byun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D G Baek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B-L Lew
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H H Baik
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoo JK, Jung HY, Lee JM, Yi H, Oh SH, Ko HY, Yoo H, Kim HR, Song H, Kim S, Kim JK. The novel miR-9500 regulates the proliferation and migration of human lung cancer cells by targeting Akt1. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1150-9. [PMID: 24658401 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have crucial roles in lung cancer cell development. They regulate cell growth, proliferation and migration by mediating the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. We identified and characterized the novel miR-9500 in human lung cancer cells. The miR-9500 forms a stem-loop structure and is conserved in other mammals. The expression levels of miR-9500 were reduced in lung cancer cells and lung cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, as verified by TaqMan miRNA assays. It was confirmed that the putative target gene, Akt1, was directly suppressed by miR-9500, as demonstrated by a luciferase reporter assay. The miR-9500 significantly repressed the protein expression levels of Akt1, as demonstrated via western blot, but did not affect the corresponding mRNA levels. Akt1 has an important role in lung carcinogenesis, and depletion of Akt1 has been shown to have antiproliferative and anti-migratory effects in previous studies. In the current study, the overexpression of miR-9500 inhibited cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins. Likewise, the overexpression of miR-9500 impeded cell migration in human lung cancer cells. In an in vivo assay, miR-9500 significantly suppressed Fluc expression compared with NC and ASO-miR-9500, suggesting that cell proliferation was inhibited in nude mice. Likewise, miR-9500 repressed tumorigenesis and metastasis by targeting Akt1. These data indicate that miR-9500 might be applicable for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Oh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 605-21, Yeoksam1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H-R Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 605-21, Yeoksam1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 605-21, Yeoksam1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 605-21, Yeoksam1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J K Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Ditunno JF, Ditunno PL, Graziani V, Scivoletto G, Bernardi M, Castellano V, Marchetti M, Barbeau H, Frankel HL, D'Andrea Greve JM, Ko HY, Marshall R, Nance P. Walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI): an international multicenter validity and reliability study. Spinal Cord 2000; 38:234-43. [PMID: 10822394 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Construction of an international walking scale by a modified Delphi technique. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to develop a more precise walking scale for use in clinical trials of subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to determine its validity and reliability. SETTING Eight SCI centers in Australia, Brazil, Canada (2), Korea, Italy, the UK and the US. METHODS Original items were constructed by experts at two SCI centers (Italy and the US) and blindly ranked in an hierarchical order (pilot data). These items were compared to the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) for concurrent validity. Subsequent independent blind rank ordering of items was completed at all eight centers (24 individuals and eight teams). Final consensus on rank ordering was reached during an international meeting (face validation). A videotape comprised of 40 clips of patients walking was forwarded to all eight centers and inter-rater reliability data collected. RESULTS Kendall coefficient of concordance for the pilot data was significant (W=0. 843, P<0.001) indicating agreement among the experts in rank ordering of original items. FIM comparison (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient=0.765, P<0.001) showed a theoretical relationship, however a practical difference in what is measured by each scale. Kendall coefficient of concordance for the international blind hierarchical ranking showed significance (W=0.860, P<0.001) indicating agreement in rank ordering across all eight centers. Group consensus meeting resulted in a 19 item hierarchical rank ordered 'Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI)'. Inter-rater reliability scoring of the 40 video clips showed 100% agreement. CONCLUSIONS This is the first time a walking scale for SCI of this complexity has been developed and judged by an international group of experts. The WISCI showed good validity and reliability, but needs to be assessed in clinical settings for responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ditunno
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5244, USA
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Abstract
A case report is presented of an electrophysiologic recovery from vitamin E-deficient neuropathy after treatment with water-soluble vitamin E in a patient with chronic hepatobiliary disease. The patient was a 64-year-old man who had experienced progressive difficulty in ambulation, with ataxia, over the previous 3 years. The symptoms were associated with pain, tingling sensation in the extremities, and reduced fine motor activity. The patient had chronic hepatobiliary disease, with recurrent cholangitis and external drainage of bile acid through a T-tube for more than 20 years. Vitamin E level was barely detectable (<0.5 mg/L). Sensory conduction was absent in both sural nerves. Other sensory and motor conduction studies in the upper and lower extremities showed decreased amplitude. The patient was treated with water-soluble vitamin E. After 4 months of therapy, his ambulation function improved, but pain and tingling sensation in both hands remained. Sensory nerve action potentials appeared in both sural nerves, and amplitudes of other sensory nerves were increased. In a second follow-up study after 9 months, all of the evaluated parameters in the nerve conduction studies, as well as the vitamin E level, were normal. The authors conclude that vitamin E-deficient neuropathy is reversible and electrophysiologic recovery can occur with water-soluble vitamin E therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective descriptive study of the course of recovery of reflexes following acute spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to observe the pattern of reflex recovery following acute SCI in order to determine the prognostic significance of reflexes for ambulation and their relationship to spinal shock. SETTING A regional spinal cord injury center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. METHODS Fifty subjects admitted consecutively over a 9 month period and on the day of injury were observed for the following reflexes; bulbo-cavernosis (BC), delayed plantar response (DPR), cremasteric (CRM), ankle jerk (AJ), knee jerk (KJ), and normal plantar response for 5 7 days a week and 6-8 weeks duration. The 50 subjects were assessed for ambulation of 200 feet at time of discharge. MRI studies were reviewed on 13/28 complete (ASIA A) injuries. RESULTS Thirty-five subjects (28 ASIA A, 4 ASIA B, 3 ASIA C) had a DPR of 2 days or longer duration and these subjects were not ambulatory. The fourteen subjects (12 ASIA D and 2 ASIA C), who were ambulatory, either had no DPR (11/14) or had a DPR of only 1 days duration (3/14). One subject (ASIA B) was not ambulatory and had a DRP of 1 days duration. The DPR was the first reflex to recover most often, followed by the BC, CRM in the first few days and later followed by the deep tendon reflexes (AJ & KJ) by 1-2 weeks respectively. Less than 8% of subjects had no reflexes on the day of injury and the reflexes did not follow a caudal-rostral pattern of recovery. CONCLUSIONS Prognosis for ambulation based on reflexes early after SCI should not be linked to current descriptions of spinal shock. In fact, the view of spinal shock, based on the absence of reflexes and the recovery of reflexes in a caudal to rostral sequence, is of limited clinical utility and should be discarded. The evolution of reflexes over several days following injury may be more relevant to prognosis than the use of the term spinal shock and the presence or absence of reflexes on the day of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Abstract
Early onset of degeneration of the cervical spine and instability due to sustained abnormal tonicity or abnormal movement of the neck are found in patients with cerebral palsy. An unexplained change or deterioration of neurological function in patients with cerebral palsy should merit the consideration of the possibility of cervical myelopathy due to early degeneration or instability of the cervical spine. We describe two patients who had a spinal cord injury due to a cervical disc herniation, one patient was athetoid and the second had spastic diplegia, they both had cerebral palsy. It is not easy to determine whether new neurological symptoms are as a result of the cervical spinal cord disorder. These cases suggest that consideration of a cervical spine disorder with myelopathy is required in the evaluation of patients with cerebral palsy who develop deterioration of neurological function or activities over a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusam National University Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To define facet tropism (FT) for each motion segment of the lower lumbar spine for subjects without disc herniation, and to evaluate the significance of facet tropism in disc herniation. METHODS Sixty subjects were evaluated by measuring the facet angle (FA) of three lower lumbar motion segments with the use of computed tomography (CT) and a computer program. The subjects were divided into two groups: 33 without disc herniation and 27 with disc herniation at one or more levels of lower lumbar motion segments. The FA was defined as the angle of the facet and midsagittal lines. The difference between the right and left FAs at each motion segment was calculated. FT was defined as an angle difference larger than the mean and one standard deviation of the angle differences between the right and left FAs at each motion segment in the group without disc herniation. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Statistical significance of the bilateral angle difference of each lower lumbar motion segment between the two groups was analyzed by the two-sample t test. Using the defined angle difference for FT, the incidence of FT in the two groups at each motion segment was analyzed by the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS FT was defined for the 33 subjects without disc herniation on CT scans as an angle difference larger than 12 degrees at L3-L4, 15 degrees at L4-L5, and 12 degrees at L5-S1, approximately. There was no statistical significance in the bilateral FA difference (p > .05) and incidence of FT (p > .05) at each segment between the two groups. CONCLUSION This study did not show that facet joint tropism plays a significant role in disc herniation in the lower lumbar spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Korea
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Ko HY, Kim KT. Treatment of external urethral sphincter hypertonicity by pudendal nerve block using phenol solution in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1997; 35:690-3. [PMID: 9347599 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report our experience utilizing the technique of phenol block of the pudendal nerve in the treatment of voiding dysfunction due to hypertonicity of the external urethral sphincter. We have performed 13 pudendal nerve blocks using a 7% phenol solution in seven patients with spinal cord injury who could not obtain relaxation of the external urethral sphincter with a large postvoid urine residual (150 ml to 600 ml) despite large doses of antispasticity drugs and intermittent catheterisations over three weeks. These drugs were discontinued at least 48 hours before this procedure. The efficacy of the pudendal nerve block could also be tested by the ease of facilitating micturition during or just after the block and measuring the amount of postvoid residual urine and intravesical leak pressure. A pudendal nerve block was produced by injecting a 7% phenol solution medial to the ischial tuberosity having specifically localized the nerve by electrical stimulation. This procedure improved the voiding pattern dramatically, leading to a full stream of urine and a remarkable decrease of postvoid residual volume and intravesical leak pressure. The mean difference of the postvoid residual volume and the intravesical leak pressure before and after pudendal nerve block was 255.7 ml and 57.5 cmH2O, respectively. We conclude that pudendal nerve block with a phenol solution as a treatment of external urethral sphincter hypertonicity was effective, easy to perform, and had no complication. This treatment should be considered as a possible alternative to more invasive surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Korea
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Abstract
The delayed plantar reflex (DPR) is a pathologic flexor variant which requires unusually strong stimulation of the sole of the foot and is characterized by a prolonged interval between the stimulus and the response, slow and protracted plantarflexion of the great toe and/or other toes and slow return to the neutral position. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the functional outcome of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients based on the presence or absence of a DPR immediately following injury. Thirty-six subjects were evaluated within one week of injury. A complete neurological evaluation following American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) standards was performed and the presence or absence of a DPR was noted on admission. Ambulation status and ASIA Impairment Scales were recorded at discharge from the rehabilitation unit and the data were analyzed by the Chi-square method with Yates' correction for continuity. The data demonstrated a high correlation of the DPR with motor complete injuries (p < 0.01) and a poor prognosis for recovery of ambulation (p < 0.01). Clinicians should recognize this abnormal reflex, which may be used in conjunction with a complete neurological examination, to help prognosticate future function in the acute SCI patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Weinstein
- Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Christensen EM, Choate R, Jaffe LD, Spencer RL, Sperling FB, Batterson SA, Benson HE, Hutton RE, Jones RH, Ko HY, Schmidt FN, Scott RF, Sutton GH. Surveyor v: lunar surface mechanical properties. Science 1967; 158:637-40. [PMID: 17732957 DOI: 10.1126/science.158.3801.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the lunar soil at the Surveyor V landing site seem to be generally consistent with values determined for soils at the landing sites of Surveyor I and III. These three maria sites are hundreds of kilometers apart. However, the static bearing capability may be somewhat lower than that at the previous landing sites (2 x 10(5) to 6 x 10(5) dynes per square centimeter or 3 to 8 pounds per square inch). The results of the erosion experiment, the spacecraft landing effects, and other observations indicate that the soil has significant amounts of fine-grained material and a measurable cohesion.
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