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Li H, Sung HH, Lau CG. Activation of Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons in the Lateral Septum Improves Stress-Induced Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102253. [PMID: 36297687 PMCID: PMC9607457 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mood disorder with highly heterogeneous pathogenesis. The limbic system is well-linked to depression. As an important node in the limbic system, the lateral septum (LS) can modulate multiple affective and motivational behaviors. However, the role of LS in depression remains unclear. By using c-Fos expression mapping, we first screened and showed activation of the LS in various depression-related behavioral tests, including the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and sucrose preference test. In the LS, more than 10% of the activated neurons were somatostatin-expressing (SST) neurons. We next developed a microendoscopic calcium imaging method in freely moving mice and revealed that LSSST neural activity increased during mobility in the TST but not open field test. We hypothesize that LSSST neuronal activity is linked to stress and depression. In two mouse models of depression, repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and chronic restraint stress (CRS), we showed that LS neuronal activation was suppressed. To examine whether the re-activation of LSSST neurons can be therapeutically beneficial, we optogenetically activated LSSST neurons and produced antidepressant-like effects in LPS-injected mice by increasing TST motility. Moreover, chemogenetic activation of LSSST neurons increased FST struggling in the CRS-exposed mice. Together, these results provide the first evidence of a role for LSSST neurons in regulating depressive-like behaviors in mice and identify them as a potential therapeutic target for neuromodulation-based intervention in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hyun Hailey Sung
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chunyue Geoffrey Lau
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3442-4345
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Kwon HJ, Jeon J, Kim DH, Jang HR, Sung HH, Han DH, Park JB, Lee JE, Huh W, Kim SJ, Kim YG, Kim DJ, Oh HY. Clinical Impact of a Protocolized Kidney Donor Follow-up System. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:692-700. [PMID: 30979452 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate kidney donor management after donation is increasingly emphasized due to concerns of renal function impairment after nephrectomy with increasing life expectancy. In this study, the clinical impact of a protocolized kidney donor follow-up system by nephrologists was evaluated. METHODS A total of 427 living kidney donors underwent nephrectomy from January 2010 to December 2014 and were followed for at least 2 years at the Samsung Medical Center. Donors were followed-up by nephrologists after the establishment of a donor clinic with systemized protocols in January 2013. The primary outcomes were incidence of post-donation low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and renal function adaptability. Secondary outcomes were changes in compliance and incidence of hyperuricemia and microalbuminuria. RESULTS The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the time of nephrectomy: the pre-donor clinic period (n = 182) and the donor clinic period (n = 172). Preoperative eGFR in patients in the pre-donor clinic period was higher than that in patients in the donor clinic period. After donation, poor renal adaptation was less frequent in the donor clinic period compared to the pre-donor clinic period. Low eGFR tended to be less common during the donor clinic period. Shorter mean outpatient clinic visit intervals with more visits within 6 months after donation and earlier detection of de novo hyperuricemia were found during the donor clinic period. CONCLUSION A protocolized donor clinic run by nephrologists may improve post-nephrectomy renal outcomes and compliance and facilitate better management of potential risk factors of chronic kidney disease in donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kwon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jeon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H R Jang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - H H Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Han
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J B Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Huh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y G Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kwon HJ, Kim DH, Jang HR, Jung SH, Han DH, Sung HH, Park JB, Lee JE, Huh W, Kim SJ, Kim YG, Kim DJ, Oh HY. Predictive Factors of Renal Adaptation After Nephrectomy in Kidney Donors. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:1999-2006. [PMID: 29149951 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite compensatory hyperfiltration in remaining nephrons following donor nephrectomy, some donors show impaired renal adaptation and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We investigated the factors predicting early renal adaptation after nephrectomy and identified kidney donors at risk of inadequate renal adaptation. METHODS A total of 265 living kidney donors from 2010 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Renal function was serially followed for 6 months after the operation. Regression analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of low eGFR (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and impaired renal adaptation (%Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD] <66% of baseline eGFR). RESULTS A total of 148 donors belonged to the low eGFR group, and changes in eGFR (ΔeGFR) at postoperative (PO) 1 day and 1 month were identified as independent predictors of low eGFR. Impaired renal adaptation was related to age, ΔeGFR PO 2-3 days, and ΔeGFR PO 1 month. Early renal adaptation was associated with age, male gender, and residual kidney computerized tomography angiography (CTA) volume. The best sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a cutoff value of ΔeGFR 31 at PO 1 day and 1 month for predicting low eGFR and with a value of ΔeGFR 27 at PO 2-3 days and 1 month for predicting impaired renal adaptation. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the degree of early renal adaptation determines subsequent renal function in kidney donors. Closer monitoring and management may be required in old or male donors with small residual CTA kidney volume as well as donors with persistent ΔeGFR >27 within 1 month of nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kwon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H R Jang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - S-H Jung
- Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Han
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H H Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J B Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J E Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W Huh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-G Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D J Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Y Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choo SH, Lee SW, Chae MR, Kang SJ, Sung HH, Han DH, Chun JN, Park JK, Kim CY, Kim HK, So I. Effects of eupatilin on the contractility of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle through nitric oxide-independent pathways. Andrology 2017; 5:1016-1022. [PMID: 28719725 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyflavone) is one of the main compounds present in Artemisia species. Eupatilin has both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and a relaxation effect on vascular contraction regardless of endothelial function. We evaluated the relaxant effects of eupatilin on the corpus cavernosum (CC) of rabbits and the underlying mechanisms of its activity in human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) cells. Isolated rabbit CC strips were mounted in an organ bath system. A conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to measure activation of calcium-sensitive K+ -channel currents in human CCSM cells. The relaxation effect of eupatilin was evaluated by cumulative addition (10-5 m ~ 3 × 10-4 m) to CC strips precontracted with 10-5 m phenylephrine. Western blotting analysis was performed to measure myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) and protein kinase C-potentiated inhibitory protein for heterotrimeric myosin light chain phosphatase of 17-kDa (CPI-17) expression and to evaluate the effect of eupatilin on the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. Eupatilin effectively relaxed the phenylephrine-induced tone in the rabbit CC strips in a concentration-dependent manner with an estimated EC50 value of 1.2 ± 1.6 × 10-4 m (n = 8, p < 0.05). Iberiotoxin and tetraethylammonium significantly reduced the relaxation effect (n = 8, p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Removal of the endothelium or the presence of L-NAME or indomethacin did not affect the relaxation effect of eupatilin. In CCSM cells, the extracellular application of eupatilin 10-4 m significantly increased the outward currents, and the eupatilin-stimulated currents were significantly attenuated by treatment with 10-7 m iberiotoxin (n = 13, p < 0.05). Eupatilin reduced the phosphorylation level of MYPT1 at Thr853 of MLCP and CPI-17 at Thr38. Eupatilin-induced relaxation of the CCSM cells via NO-independent pathways. The relaxation effects of eupatilin on CCSM cells were partially due to activation of BKCa channels and inhibition of RhoA/Rho-kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Choo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M R Chae
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H H Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Han
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J N Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J K Park
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - C Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - H K Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - I So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sung HH, Han DH, Kim TH, Lee YS, Lee HN, Seo JT, Choo MS, Lee KS. Interventions do not enhance medication persistence and compliance in patients with overactive bladder: a 24 weeks, randomised, open-label, multi-center trial. Int J Clin Pract 2015. [PMID: 26215431 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anticholinergics are currently the mainstay for the management of overactive bladder (OAB). However, low drug adherence has been noted with these medications. The aim of this study was to determine whether a health education intervention (HEI) could improve drug persistence with anticholinergics in OAB patients. METHODS We enrolled 682 OAB patients who were randomly distributed into either the HEI plus fesoterodine (HEI) group or the fesoterodine alone (control) group. The HEI consists of four education sections: understanding OAB disease, dietary control, bladder training and understanding anticholinergics. The primary end-point was the difference in drug persistence between the HEI and control groups at 24 weeks. Persistence was defined as a gap ≤ 30 days between successive prescription pills. RESULTS Among the 682 patients, 210 (30.8%) completed 24 weeks of study. Persistence of the HEI group at 6 months was not statistically higher than that of the control group (40.4% vs. 34.9%, p = 0.181). Compliance at 6 months was also similar between the two groups (38.5% vs. 32.5%, p = 0.128). Using OAB symptom score questionnaire, the efficacy of the two groups was not different at each follow-up (p > 0.05). The global response was similar between the two groups. However, the HEI group was more satisfied with treatment than the control group (p = 0.034). The most common reason for discontinuation was satisfaction with the treatment so that they did not need to follow-up, followed by inadequate efficacy in both groups. Adverse events were reported in 12.3% of patients. CONCLUSIONS The health education intervention was not effective to increase drug persistence in OAB patients on anticholinergics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - D H Han
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Y-S Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - H N Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul Seonam Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J T Seo
- Department of Urology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-S Choo
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-S Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management & Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
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Sung HH, Castro I, González S, Aguilera S, Smorodinsky NI, Quest A, Bahamondes V, Alliende C, Cortés J, Molina C, Urzúa U, Barrera MJ, Hermoso M, Herrera L, Leyton C, González MJ. MUC1/SEC and MUC1/Y overexpression is associated with inflammation in Sjögren's syndrome. Oral Dis 2015; 21:730-8. [PMID: 25757505 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the expression and localization of MUC1/SEC and MUC1/Y isoforms in labial salivary glands (LSG) from Sjögren's syndrome patients (SS patients), as well as their in vitro expression induced by cytokines. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Labial salivary gland from 27 primary SS patients and 22 non-SS sicca subjects were studied. Relative MUC1/SEC and MUC1/Y mRNA levels were determined by qPCR and protein levels by Western blotting. Induction of mucin mRNAs was assayed in vitro. Immunohistochemistry was used for localization. RESULTS Relative MUC1/SEC and MUC1/Y mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in LSG from SS patients. These mRNAs were induced by cytokines. MUC1/SEC and MUC1/Y were detected in acini apical region of control LSGs, and significant cytoplasmic accumulation was observed in acini of SS patients. MUC1/Y localized in acinar nuclei and cytoplasm of inflammatory cells of LSG from SS patients. A strong positive correlation was observed between cellular MUC1/SEC levels and glandular function determined by scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that MUC1/SEC and MUC1/Y are expressed in LSG of both SS patients and non-SS sicca subjects. The observed overexpression and aberrant localization of MUC1/SEC and MUC1/Y and their induction by pro-inflammatory cytokines may favor the perpetuation of the inflammatory environment that disrupts the salivary glandular homeostasis in SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Sung
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Castro
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S González
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Aguilera
- Departamento de Reumatología, Clínica INDISA, Santiago, Chile
| | - N I Smorodinsky
- The Alec and Myra Marmot Hybridoma Unit, the Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Afg Quest
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Bahamondes
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Alliende
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Cortés
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Molina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - U Urzúa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M-J Barrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Hermoso
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Leyton
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M-J González
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sung HH, Choo SH, Ko M, Kang SJ, Chae MR, Kam SC, Han DH, So I, Lee SW. Increased expression of TRPC4 channels associated with erectile dysfunction in diabetes. Andrology 2014; 2:550-8. [PMID: 24782410 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent reports, an association between altered TRPC channel function and the development of various diabetic complications has drawn the attention of many investigators. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TRPC4 channels of corpus smooth muscle (CSM) cells in diabetes, and to evaluate the association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and altered TRPC4 channel function. The expression of TRPC4 in the penile tissue of human, normal and diabetic rat was investigated using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vivo gene transfer of dominant negative (DN) TRPC4 into the CSM of rat was conducted. In vivo pelvic nerve stimulation was performed to measure erectile function. Expression of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4 and TRPC6 in human and rat CSM tissues was confirmed by RT-PCR, western blot and IHC. In the diabetic rat, the expression levels of mRNA and protein of the TRPC4, and TRPC6 were significantly increased compared to control rats (p < 0.05). The change in TRPC4 expression in the diabetic rats was higher than those of the other TRPC subunits (p < 0.05). The IHC showed that only TRPC4 expression had a higher intensity in the diabetes compared to normal rats (p < 0.05). Gene transfection with TRPC4(DN) into the diabetic rats restored erectile function to levels similar to that of normal controls. Gene expression of TRPC4(DN) in CSM tissue was confirmed by RT-PCR 2 weeks after transfection. This study demonstrated that TRPC4 channel expression increased in the penile CSM cells of diabetic rats. The down-regulation of TRPC4 with DN form restored erectile function in the diabetic rats. The alteration of TRPC4 channel is one of pathophysiology of ED and could be a target for drug development for ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Sung HH, Wu HH, Syu KJ, Lee WH, Chen YY. A new Kondo antiferromagnet Ce(Ni(0.25)In(1.75)). J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:176004. [PMID: 21825440 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/17/176004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We find that Ce(Ni(0.25)In(1.75)) crystallizes in the hexagonal AlB(2)-type structure with lattice parameters a = 0.4850(5) nm and c = 0.3908(5) nm. Magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and low-temperature specific heat data reveal that the bulk phase transition at 3.7 ± 0.2 K in Ce(Ni(0.25)In(1.75)) is to an antiferromagnetic state. The magnetic contribution to the resistivity ρ(mag) of Ce(Ni(0.25)In(1.75)) increases as ln(T) when temperature is lowered from room temperature and reaches a plateau at 9 K, followed by a rapid decrease around 4 K. These results associated with a reduction of the Ce magnetic moment and of the magnetic entropy at T(N) suggest that Ce(Ni(0.25)In(1.75)) could be a Kondo antiferromagnet. The Kondo temperature is estimated to be of order 6 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Sung
- Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
The virulence of two Aeromonas strains (A. veronii and A. caviae) isolated from the hepatopancreas of apparently healthy giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) was compared using a challenge by injections. For the A. veronii strain, challenge with 3.7 x 10(5) cells/g of body weight led to 100% mortality; for the A. caviae strain, 3.8 x 10(6) cells/g produced 100% mortality. The 50% lethal doses (LD50) were 2.0 x 10(3) cells/g for A. veronii and 51.2 x 10(3) cells/g for A. caviae. Use of different culture media (trypticase soy broth vs prawn muscle extract) did not significantly affect the virulence of A. veronii. Injection of a sublethal dose (1 x 10(3) cells/g) of A. veronii led to a significant decrease in the total hemocyte count (THC) between 4 and 24 h after injection. Saline injections also caused a similar though less decrease in THC. In the first 24 h after injection of A. veronii (1 x 10(3) cells/g), the change in the percentages of granulocytes (both granular cells and semigranular cells) in the hemolymph was significantly different. After a significant initial increase, the percentage of hyaline cells fell by a factor of 4, from 9 to 2%. Phenoloxidase activity increased fourfold immediately after injection and returned to preinjection levels at 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Sung
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, 111, Republic of China.
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Sung HH, Chang HJ, Her CH, Chang JC, Song YL. Phenoloxidase activity of hemocytes derived from Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Invertebr Pathol 1998; 71:26-33. [PMID: 9446734 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.1997.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The phenoloxidase (PO) activity of hemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS) from both tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and giant freshwater prawn (Macro-branchium rosenbergii) was examined by treating HLS with various factors, such as an increase in temperatures from 25 to 70 degrees C, one of four elicitors (beta-1,3-1,6-glucan, zymosan, heat-killed Vibrio cells, and lipopolysaccharide), trypsin, one of three protease inhibitors (soybean trypsin inhibitor, p-nitrophenyl-p'-guanidinobenzoate, and benzamidine), and one of two divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+). The strongest PO activity in both animals was induced at 37 degrees C, while enzyme activity varied according to the concentration of the elicitors or cations added to the HLS samples. The following optimum concentrations were recorded: lipopolysaccharides at 0.5 mg/ml, both beta-glucan and zymosan at 1 mg/ml, and Vibrio cells at 10(6) cells/ml. In addition, for giant freshwater prawn, PO activity increased when HLS was treated with trypsin and decreased when it was separately treated with three protease inhibitors. However, effects of either trypsin or protease inhibitors did not occur in tiger shrimp. Strongest PO activity occurred in HLS treated with 20 mM of either calcium ion or magnesium ion, and the addition of the two cations led to an increase in enzyme activity; a decrease was noted following the treatment with EDTA. Cytochemical analysis revealed that prophenoloxidase system exists in the granulocytes of both tiger shrimp and giant freshwater prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Sung
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Song YL, Liu JJ, Chan LC, Sung HH. Glucan-induced disease resistance in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Dev Biol Stand 1997; 90:413-21. [PMID: 9270870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific disease resistance induced by yeast cell wall extract, beta-1,3-1,6-glucan, was demonstrated in the tiger shrimp. In this study beta-1,3-1,6-glucan was administered to shrimps by immersion before culturing and orally during the culturing period. Challenge of the treated shrimps with the virulent pathogens, Vibrio vulnificus and viral agents extracted from the white spot syndrome victims, yielded promising results. The tolerance of glucan-treated shrimps was slightly enhanced to stresses including catching, transport and ammonia. The growth and survival rates of treated and untreated shrimps were not significantly different. Therefore, we suggest that beta-1,3-1,6-glucan can be used as an immuno-stimulant of cultured shrimps and may benefit shrimp farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Song
- Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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Yang HC, Sung HH, Lee L, Horng HE, Yang TR. In situ growth and flux pinning in Ag-doped YBa2Cu3O7-y thin films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:8634-8637. [PMID: 9996503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.8634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Yang HC, Jao JC, Sung HH, Horng HE, Chen HC. Critical current in polycrystalline Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 39:9628-9630. [PMID: 9947710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.9628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Yang HC, Hsieh MH, Sung HH, Chen CH, Horng HE, Kan YS, Chen HC, Jao JC. High-temperature resistivity of RBa2Cu3O7-y, where R=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989; 39:9203-9208. [PMID: 9947648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.9203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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