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Nodar L, Arnaiz I, Pedreira JJ, Díez J, Calvo C, Diéguez JF. Long-term acute infections during a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) outbreak in dairy farm from Galicia (NW Spain). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 262:110634. [PMID: 37517102 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
An observational study describes an outbreak of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a dairy herd in Spain. The herd was subjected to a voluntary control program. In a sampling carried out in June 2020, bulk tank milk antibody levels increased compared to the previous sampling. Additionally, serum samples from 4 young heifers also tested positive for antibodies. Since the results were consistent with a recent infection, we proceeded to detect possible persistently infected (PI) animals using antigen ELISA (on serum/ear-notch samples), following the program guidelines. From this moment on, 42 animals tested positive for BVDV antigen, of which 17 were under typical acute infection (AI), 13 were deemed as PI, and eight died early on the farm before having information to determine their status. The remaining 4 showed intriguing test results consistent with a long-term AI since they tested BVDV positive in at least two antigen tests more than 3 weeks apart. Thus, one animal was positive until 80 days of age in serum, and others even for longer periods in ear-notch samples, until they finally tested negative for BVDV. Based on these results, longer follow-up may be necessary in BVDV positive animals to accurately confirm persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nodar
- Laboratorios HIPRA S.A., Amer, Girona, Spain
| | - I Arnaiz
- Laboratorio de Sanidad y Producción Animal de Galicia, Mabegondo, Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J J Pedreira
- Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo-AGACAL, Mabegondo, Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J Díez
- Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo-AGACAL, Mabegondo, Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain
| | - C Calvo
- ADSG de Curtis, Curtis, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J F Diéguez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Veterinaria, Lugo, Spain.
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Pesqueira M, Yus E, Factor C, Mato I, Sanjuán M, Eiras C, Arnaiz I, Diéguez F. Short communication: Correlation between within-herd antibody-prevalence and bulk tank milk antibody levels to Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis using 2 commercial immunoassays. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7544-7548. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Factor C, Yus E, Eiras C, Sanjuan ML, Cerviño M, Arnaiz I, Diéguez FJ. Genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea viruses from the Galicia region of Spain. Vet Rec Open 2016; 3:e000196. [PMID: 27843559 PMCID: PMC5093385 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2016-000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the frequency and diversity of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDVs) infecting cattle in Galicia (northwestern Spain). A total of 86 BVDV strains were typed in samples of serum from 79 persistently infected animals and 3 viraemic animals and of abomasal fluid from 4 fetuses. Samples came from 73 farms participating in a voluntary BVDV control programme. Typing was based on a 288-bp sequence from the 5′ untranslated region amplified using primers 324 and 326. Of the 86 strains, 85 (98.8 per cent) belonged to species BVDV-1 and 1 (1.2 per cent) belonged to BVDV-2; 73 strains (84.9 per cent) were typed as BVDV-1b, 2 as BVDV-1e and 6 as BVDV-1d. One strain each was typed as belonging to 1a, 1h, 1k and 1l. The sole BVDV-2 strain was classified as 2a. These results identify BVDV-1b as the predominant species, and they indicate the presence of viral types not previously described anywhere in Spain. This is also the first report of BVDV-2 in Galicia and only the second report of BVDV-2 in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Yus
- Veterinary Faculty of Lugo , Institute of Food Analysis and Research (Animal Health and Epidemiology Unit), Santiago de Compostela University , Lugo , Spain
| | - C Eiras
- Animal Health and Production Laboratory of Galicia , Lugo , Spain
| | - M L Sanjuan
- Veterinary Faculty of Lugo , Institute of Food Analysis and Research (Animal Health and Epidemiology Unit), Santiago de Compostela University , Lugo , Spain
| | - M Cerviño
- Boehringer Ingelheim España , Sant Cugat del Vallès , Barcelona
| | - I Arnaiz
- Center of Agrarian Research , Galicia , Spain
| | - F J Diéguez
- Anatomy and Animal Production Department, Veterinary Faculty of Lugo , Santiago de Compostela University , Lugo , Spain
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Martínez S, Yus E, Sanjuán ML, Camino F, Eiras MC, Arnaiz I, Diéguez FJ. Bovine herpesvirus 1: within-herd seroprevalence and antibody levels in bulk-tank milk. REV SCI TECH OIE 2016; 35:899-904. [PMID: 28332642 DOI: 10.20506/rst.35.3.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a relationship between the results obtained with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for antibodies (against bovine herpesvirus 1) in serum and those in milk at the herd level. For this purpose, 275 samples of bulk-tank milk were analysed with glycoprotein E (gE) antibody ELISA and 207 more were analysed with glycoprotein B (gB) antibody ELISA (482 in total). All of these samples came from dairy herds whose seroprevalence was also evaluated. The results of this study were then used to analyse the sensitivity of the bulk-tankmilk test in detecting herds with a high risk of active infection (>60% seroprevalence) and its specificity in detecting those with few (<20%) or no seropositive animals. In regard to the reference test (results in blood serum), the sensitivity of the bulk-tankmilk test in detecting herds with >60% seropositive animals was 100% for both gE and gB ELISAs. The specificity figures, for gE and gB ELISAs, respectively, were 88.4% and 99.1% for infection-free herds and 72.6% and 96% for herds with <20% seroprevalence. In a quantitative approach, Pearson's correlation coefficients, reported as a measure of linear association between herd seroprevalences and transformed optical density values recorded in bulk-tank milk, were -0.63 for gE ELISA and 0.67 for gB ELISA.
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Mato I, Pesqueira N, Factor C, Sanjuan M, Yus E, Fouz R, Arnaiz I, Camino F, Diéguez F. Effect of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection status on culling and calving difficulty in dairy cattle. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gonzalez A, Arnaiz I, Eiras C, Camino F, Sanjuán M, Yus E, Diéguez F. Monitoring the bulk milk antibody response to bovine viral diarrhea in dairy herds vaccinated with inactivated vaccines. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3684-8. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Arrazuría R, Arnaiz I, Fouz R, Calvo C, Eiras C, Diéguez FJ. Association between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection and culling in dairy cattle herds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4067/s0301-732x2014000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arnaiz I, Johnson MH, Cook DI, Day ML. Changing expression of chloride channels during preimplantation mouse development. Reproduction 2013; 145:73-84. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane chloride channels (ClCs) play important roles in a broad range of cellular processes including cell volume regulation, proliferation, and transepithelial transport, all of which are critical during preimplantation embryonic development. In this study, the molecular and functional expression of voltage-gated ClCs was analyzed throughout preimplantation development of the mouse conceptus. mRNA transcripts for allClcngenes were detected. OnlyClcn1mRNA showed differential expression in the blastocyst, being detected in the trophectoderm but not in the inner cell mass. CLCN3 protein was detected at low levels in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane in 4-cell embryos and was localized to the apical plasma membrane of the trophoblasts in the blastocyst. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated the presence of a DIDS-sensitive, outwardly rectifying Cl−current throughout development, with this conductance being large at the 1-cell, morula and blastocyst stages. A second DIDS-insensitive Cl−current, which was inactivated by membrane depolarization, was present in cells differentiating into the trophoblast lineage and during blastocyst expansion. Inhibition of the DIDS-sensitive current and the DIDS-insensitive current, with 9-AC, prevented blastocyst expansion.
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Eiras C, Arnaiz I, Álvarez-García G, Ortega-Mora L, Sanjuánl M, Yus E, Diéguez F. Neospora caninum seroprevalence in dairy and beef cattle from the northwest region of Spain, Galicia. Prev Vet Med 2011; 98:128-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Regidor-Cerrillo J, Pedraza-Diaz S, Rojo-Montejo S, Vazquez-Moreno E, Arnaiz I, Gomez-Bautista M, Jimenez-Palacios S, Ortega-Mora L, Collantes-Fernandez E. Neospora caninum infection in stray and farm dogs: Seroepidemiological study and oocyst shedding. Vet Parasitol 2010; 174:332-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Diéguez FJ, Arnaiz I, Sanjuán ML, Vilar MJ, Yus E. Management practices associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection and the effects of the infection on dairy herds. Vet Rec 2008; 162:614-7. [PMID: 18480020 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.19.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During 2004, a survey of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) was conducted in 101 randomly selected dairy herds to investigate associations between the infection status of the herds, different management practices, and possible disease indicators, such as indices of mastitis and reproductive performance. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire through personal interviews with the farmers and veterinarians in charge of each farm. At the same time, blood samples were taken from cattle over one year old and analysed with a commercial elisa to detect antibodies to map. Statistical analyses indicated that the following management practices constituted major risk factors: utilisation of colostrum from cows with a previous positive map diagnosis, and housing replacement calves with adult cattle before they were six months old. Seropositivity to map was related to the herds' bulk tank somatic cell counts and incidence of clinical mastitis, but not to their reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Diéguez
- Epidemiology and Animal Health Unit, Institute of Food Analysis and Research, Santiago de Compostela University, Campus Universitaro s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Jáuregui A, Martínez Palacios ML, Arnaiz I, Pontón J, Cisterna R. [Estimation of infection by Aspergillus fumigatus in mice infected experimentally by the respiratory route]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1993; 11:126-30. [PMID: 8499510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate a new chitin detection technique for the quantification of Aspergillus fumigatus infection in organs from air-borne infected mice. METHODS Different groups of mice were air-borne infected with A. fumigatus spores. The mortality rate was studied as well as the extension of the infection by means of colony counts (UFC) and quantification of chitin . RESULTS The inhalation of A. fumigatus spores by non-immunosuppressed mice produces a 34% mortality rate, with an initial invasion of lung tissue followed by the spleen, kidneys, heart and liver thereafter. CONCLUSION The quantification of chitin in involved organs allowed us to estimate the degree of organ-specific fungal infections and perhaps could be an useful method for studying the pathogenesis of A. fumigatus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jáuregui
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao
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