Gangrene of the abdomen secondary to spontaneous extraperitoneal bladder rupture: A case report

Spontaneous bladder rupture is a rare condition, and its diagnosis has evolved over time. The clinical presentation is variable and nonspecific, with prognosis depending on the patient's condition and early recognition. We report a case of spontaneous bladder rupture complicated by abdominal wall gangrene managed in our center. The purpose of this report is to update the knowledge available on this disease.

Crystal structure of μ-oxalato-κ2O1:O2-bis-[(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)tri-phenyl-tin(IV)]

The structure of the studied adduct consists of two dimethyl sulfoxide mol­ecules coordinating the [C₂O₄(SnPh₃)₂] core via their oxygen atoms. The Sn atoms display a trans trigonal–bipyramidal [SnC₃O₂] arrangement, and the oxalate dianion behaves as a bidentate bridging ligand.

In the previously reported [C₂O₄(SnPh₃)₂] complex [Diop et al. (2003 ▸). Appl. Organomet. Chem.17, 881–882.], the Sn^IV atoms are able to formally complete their coordination by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mol­ecules provided by the reaction medium, affording the title complex, [Sn₂(C₆H₅)₆(C₂O₄)(C₂H₆OS)₂]. The Sn^IV atoms are then penta­coordinated, with a common trans trigonal–bipyramidal arrangement. The asymmetric unit contains one half-mol­ecule, which is completed by inversion symmetry in space group type C2/c. The inversion centre is placed at the mid-point of the central bis-monodentate oxalate dianion, C₂O₄²⁻, which bridges the [(SnPh₃)(DMSO)] moieties. The mol­ecule crystallizes as a disordered system, with two phenyl rings disordered by rotation about their Sn—C bonds, while the DMSO mol­ecule is split over two positions due to a tetra­hedral inversion at the S atom. All disordered parts were refined with occupancies fixed of 0.5.

Pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetic patients in internal medicine at Point G Hospital, Bamako - Mali

The depression of cellular immunity among diabetic patients exposes them to tuberculosis considered as one of the major diseases of immune-depressive people. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the frequency, gravity, treatment and evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis among our patients affected with diabetes. For that purpose, two descriptive retrospective and prospective studies were undertaken from January 1982 to December 1992 in the Internal Medicine (Internal medicine) department of Hospital of Point G, the national hospital. Thus, 54 diabetics patients hospitalised out of 1 365 had tuberculosis at a frequency rate of 3,95%. The average age of our patients was 49 years + 12 and the sex ratio was 2,18 in favour of men. The infection was also more frequent in diabetes type 1 (51,9%) then in type 2 (48,1%), and concerned mainly men (68.51%) who were more than 37 years old (57.41%). Clinically, the common signs to both affections were prevalent namely asthenia: 85,2%, anorexia: 53,7%, weight loss: 66,7%, associated to cough: 81,5% and to dyspnea: 29,6%. However, for a third of the patients (22,2%), tuberculosis was discovered during a systematic check up. All the patients had a glycemia higher than 8mmol/l, with extremes up to 8mmol/l and32mmol/l, 63% of patient had a febricula. The intradermo cutaneous reaction to tuberculosis (IDR) was negative in 44,4%. The bacilloscopy during direct testing or through the liquid obtained by casing was positive in 64,82%. Tubercular lesions were localised at the top: 91,8%, with an equal attack of the two lungs. During the treatment six products were mainly used comprising Rifampicine (R) isoniazid (INH or H), Streptomycine (S), Ethambutol (E), Thiacetazone (T), and Pyrazinamide (Z). Insulin treatment was done on all patients until tuberculosis was cured. The evolution was favourable after 2 to 3 months of treatment for 48 patients (88,88%) among whom 4: (8,33%) fell sick again. Six patients out of 54 died, i.e. 11,12%.

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Sexual ambiguities are due to varied congenital or hormonal causes. A retrospective study carried out from January 1995 to December 2000 and followed by a prospective study from January 2001 to September 2002 sought to describe the clinical aspects of sexual ambiguities in Internal Medicine in a tertiary hospital Mali. Among 12 patients out of 2223 consultants identified (0.54 percent), 10 of them were phenotypically feminine and 2 phenotypically masculine. The average age of the patients was 14.3+- 8.9 years. Clinically, 3 out of the 10 phenotypically feminine patients presented an anomaly of the external genital organs; 5 out of the 10 had low axillary and pubic hair growth; 4 out of the 10 had delayed puberty; 6 out of the 10 had primary amenorrhoea; 7 out of 10 had hypoplasia of the mammary glands; and3 out of 10 had an inguinal mass. For the the 2 phenotypically masculine patients, one had a bilateral gynecomastia, a macroskelia of 2m04, a low axillary and pubic hair growth and the other had an anomaly of the external genital organs.

Persistent chlorinated pesticides in fish and cattle fat and their implications for human serum concentrations from the Sene-Gambian region

The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fish, shrimps, cattle fat and human serum samples from the Sene-Gambian region were measured using validated analytical methodologies. The results obtained were compared with those of other existing African studies and with data from other developing countries. In fish samples, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and HCB were detected with a frequency of 100%, whereas p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) was detected in eight, heptachlorepoxide in six and endosulfansulfate in five of the nine fish samples. Relatively low concentrations of OCPs were found in cattle and shrimp fat samples. p,p'-DDE and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) were the most frequently identified. The sum of HCHs ranged from undetected to 13.3 ng g-1 fat, the sum of DDTs from 11.1 to 199.2 ng g-1 fat and the sum of endosulfans from not detected to 49.7 ng g-1 fat in fish and shrimps. In serum samples, alpha-HCH, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT were detected in all 16 pooled serum samples, whereas endosulfansulfate, methoxychlor, mirex, heptachlorepoxide and endrin were detected in 15 samples with most of the concentrations below 10 ng mL-1. The concentrations of OCPs in human serum were given on a serum lipid and whole serum volume basis. The implications for the human diet of these OCP concentrations in serum were investigated by means of biomagnification factors related to the log Kow values of the targeted compounds. The current use of HCH mixtures was suggested to explain the unusually high alpha-HCH concentration. The distribution pattern of these OCPs in humans was also discussed and compared with that in other studies.