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Barberis E, Timo S, Amede E, Vanella VV, Puricelli C, Cappellano G, Raineri D, Cittone MG, Rizzi E, Pedrinelli AR, Vassia V, Casciaro FG, Priora S, Nerici I, Galbiati A, Hayden E, Falasca M, Vaschetto R, Sainaghi PP, Dianzani U, Rolla R, Chiocchetti A, Baldanzi G, Marengo E, Manfredi M. Large-Scale Plasma Analysis Revealed New Mechanisms and Molecules Associated with the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8623. [PMID: 33207699 PMCID: PMC7696386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to nearly every continent, registering over 1,250,000 deaths worldwide. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 on host targets remains largely limited, hampering our understanding of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. The present study used a comprehensive untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic approach to capture the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that several circulating lipids acted as potential biomarkers, such as phosphatidylcholine 14:0_22:6 (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.96), phosphatidylcholine 16:1_22:6 (AUC = 0.97), and phosphatidylethanolamine 18:1_20:4 (AUC = 0.94). Furthermore, triglycerides and free fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid (AUC = 0.99) and oleic acid (AUC = 0.98), were well correlated to the severity of the disease. An untargeted analysis of non-critical COVID-19 patients identified a strong alteration of lipids and a perturbation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA degradation, arachidonic acid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The severity of the disease was characterized by the activation of gluconeogenesis and the metabolism of porphyrins, which play a crucial role in the progress of the infection. In addition, our study provided further evidence for considering phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity as a potential key factor in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and a possible therapeutic target. To date, the present study provides the largest untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics analysis of plasma from COVID-19 patients and control groups, identifying new mechanisms associated with the host response to COVID-19, potential plasma biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (E.A.); (V.V.V.); (R.V.); (G.B.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Sara Timo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elia Amede
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (E.A.); (V.V.V.); (R.V.); (G.B.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Virginia V. Vanella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (E.A.); (V.V.V.); (R.V.); (G.B.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Chiara Puricelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (U.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (U.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Davide Raineri
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (U.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Micol G. Cittone
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.G.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.P.); (V.V.); (F.G.C.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (A.G.); (E.H.); (P.P.S.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rizzi
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.G.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.P.); (V.V.); (F.G.C.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (A.G.); (E.H.); (P.P.S.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Anita R. Pedrinelli
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.G.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.P.); (V.V.); (F.G.C.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (A.G.); (E.H.); (P.P.S.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Veronica Vassia
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.G.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.P.); (V.V.); (F.G.C.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (A.G.); (E.H.); (P.P.S.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco G. Casciaro
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.G.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.P.); (V.V.); (F.G.C.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (A.G.); (E.H.); (P.P.S.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simona Priora
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.G.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.P.); (V.V.); (F.G.C.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (A.G.); (E.H.); (P.P.S.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Nerici
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.G.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.P.); (V.V.); (F.G.C.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (A.G.); (E.H.); (P.P.S.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Galbiati
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.G.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.P.); (V.V.); (F.G.C.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (A.G.); (E.H.); (P.P.S.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Eyal Hayden
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.G.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.P.); (V.V.); (F.G.C.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (A.G.); (E.H.); (P.P.S.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia;
| | - Rosanna Vaschetto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (E.A.); (V.V.V.); (R.V.); (G.B.)
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.G.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.P.); (V.V.); (F.G.C.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (A.G.); (E.H.); (P.P.S.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (U.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (U.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (U.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (E.A.); (V.V.V.); (R.V.); (G.B.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (E.A.); (V.V.V.); (R.V.); (G.B.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.M.)
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