Fluctuations and disparity in broiler and carcass price before during and after covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze fluctuations and disparity in broiler and carcass prices before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic in five broiler-producing regions in Indonesia, including North Sumatra, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and South Sulawesi. Weekly data series were used to analyze fluctuations and disparity before (2017-February 2020), during (March 2020-2022), and after (January-June 2023) COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, Coefficient of variation (CV) and convergence models were also used during the analysis. The results showed that broiler price fluctuations in the five study areas were categorized as "medium" before and during pandemic. After pandemic, the majority of the areas were in the "low" category, except for South Sulawesi province, where CV was 10.02%. Carcass price fluctuations were categorized as "low" and "moderate" before and during COVID-19 pandemic. After the viral outbreak, all the provinces investigated in this study were classified as "low". This indicated that the variability in carcass price decreased across all provinces after pandemic. The coefficient value of β1 was less than 1 indicating that broiler and carcass price did not show significant disparity between regions at all periods. The primary drivers of fluctuations and disparity were related to production and availability factors, and the government played a role in maintaining stability in producing areas.

“Downstreaming” Policy Supporting the Competitiveness of Indonesian Cocoa in the Global Market

Indonesia is one of the cocoa producing countries, where most of it is exported to foreign countries and the rest is marketed domestically. Indonesia cocoa export performance in the world market certainly opens up many opportunities. It is necessary to optimize the potency and competitiveness of its cocoa if Indonesia would make the cocoa exports as the driving of national economy. The objectives of this paper are to (1) analyze Indonesian cocoa performance in the global market compared to its competitors and (2) analyze the competitiveness and market position of Indonesian cocoa in global market and analyze the potency to develop market in 10 main trading partners. The data analysis methods used are the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Trade Specialization Index (TSI) and Export Product Dynamics (EDP). The result shows that the comparative competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa beans and processed cocoa is lower than that of other producing countries. However, Indonesia still has the potency to develop market for its cocoa products in several countries such as the United States, China, India, Canada, Mexico and Estonia. Some efforts to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa beans may be through the replanting for estates rejuvenation and the improvement of fermentation to improve the quality of cocoa beans. In addition, to enhance the export performance of cocoa base products in general, it is necessary to also improve the development of downstream line and processing industries.